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INDONESIA
Jurnal Sahabat ISNU SU
Published by ISNU Sumatera Utara
ISSN : -     EISSN : 30640067     DOI : 10.70826
Core Subject : Religion, Humanities, Social,
Religion Humanities Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice
The scope of this journal includes, but is not limited to: Primary, Secondary, and Higher Education Studies on curriculum development, teaching strategies, assessment, and competency building at various levels of education. Educational Management and Policy Research on leadership, school governance, public policy in education, and educational reform. Educational Technology Utilization of digital media, e-learning, technological innovations, and the integration of ICT in the learning process. Character and Religious Education Studies on values, morality, spirituality, and strengthening character education based on local wisdom as well as global perspectives. Educational Psychology and Learner Development Research on cognitive, affective, and social development, as well as psychological approaches to teaching and learning. Vocational and Skills Education Studies on vocational training, workforce development, entrepreneurship, and 21st-century skills. Contemporary Issues in Education Topics on inclusivity, multicultural education, special needs education, literacy and numeracy, and the challenges of globalization in education.
Arjuna Subject : Seni dan Humaniora - Seni dan Humaniora (Lain-Lain)
Articles 84 Documents
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Legal Protection of Business Actors in Digital Trade Agreements: Strengthening Contractual Certainty, Electronic Transaction Security, and Fairness in the Digital Economy Era Dinda Suciana Rambe; Madina Tuz Zahra Tanjung; Zahwa Khalisa; Rahmat Suryadi Siregar; M. Wahyu Fadillah
Jurnal Sahabat ISNU SU Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): ISNU Sahabat Mei 2026
Publisher : ISNU Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70826/jsisnu.v3i1.1251

Abstract

The development of digital technology has brought significant changes in the practice of commercial law, particularly in the implementation of trade agreements, which are now often conducted electronically. Digital trade agreements provide convenience and efficiency for business actors, but on the other hand, they also give rise to various legal issues, such as the weak bargaining position of certain business actors, unclear clauses in electronic agreements, and increased potential for disputes due to default and data misuse. Furthermore, the transformation from conventional transactions to digital-based transactions has changed the nature of contractual relationships between business actors. Digital agreements are increasingly formed through electronic platforms, automated systems, and standard contractual mechanisms, which may reduce direct negotiation between parties. This development creates new legal challenges concerning contractual fairness, transparency of electronic clauses, protection of electronic evidence, and accountability of digital platforms involved in commercial transactions. This study aims to analyze the forms of legal protection for business actors in trade agreements in the digital era and assess the effectiveness of applicable laws and regulations in providing legal certainty. The research method used is normative legal research with a statutory regulatory approach, a conceptual approach, and a case approach. The results show that regulations related to trade law and electronic transactions have essentially provided a basis for legal protection for business actors, but there are still obstacles in their implementation, supervision, and enforcement. This research argues that legal protection in digital trade agreements cannot be limited to the recognition of electronic contracts but must also include mechanisms ensuring balanced contractual relationships, protection against unfair standard clauses, and effective dispute resolution mechanisms. Therefore, strengthening digital trade regulation requires an integrated approach between contract law, electronic transaction law, and data protection principles. Therefore, regulatory harmonization, strengthening legal protection mechanisms, and increasing legal literacy for business actors are needed to create a fair, safe, and sustainable digital trade climate.  
Synergy between the National Narcotics Agency and the Police in Handling Narcotics Crimes in Indonesia Ahmad Baqi; Wahdaniah Sitorus; Syifatul Zuhra; Regita Angraini Lubis
Jurnal Sahabat ISNU SU Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025): ISNU Sahabat Desember 2025
Publisher : ISNU Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70826/jsisnu.v3i1.1252

Abstract

Drug abuse and illicit trafficking are serious problems in the Indonesian criminal justice system that require comprehensive and equitable handling. Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics regulates a dual approach through repressive law enforcement against dealers and a rehabilitative approach for drug abusers. However, in practice, the implementation of rehabilitation is still not optimal and tends to be replaced by imprisonment. This study aims to analyze the law enforcement policy for narcotics crimes in Indonesia, focusing on the role of the National Narcotics Agency and the Police and the implementation of rehabilitation for drug abusers. The research method used is normative legal research with a legislative and conceptual approach. The results show that there is still a gap between legal norms and law enforcement practices, particularly in the implementation of rehabilitation, and the need to strengthen synergy between the National Narcotics Agency and the Police. This study concludes that optimizing rehabilitation policies and institutional coordination are key to realizing just, humanistic, and social recovery-oriented narcotics law enforcement.
The Limits of Arbitrator Immunity and Institutional Responsibility in the Annulment of Arbitration Awards: A Normative Study under Indonesian Arbitration Law Khairunnisa Siregar; Najwa Fadila; Nabila Putri Aulia; Randy Harahap; Mhd Imran Pradipta
Jurnal Sahabat ISNU SU Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): ISNU Sahabat Mei 2026
Publisher : ISNU Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70826/jsisnu.v3i1.1253

Abstract

Arbitration has become a preferred mechanism for resolving commercial disputes because it offers confidentiality, procedural flexibility, efficiency, and finality of decisions. Although arbitral awards are generally final and binding, Indonesian law recognizes a limited mechanism for their annulment under Article 70 of Law Number 30 of 1999 concerning Arbitration and Alternative Dispute Resolution, allowing judicial intervention where an award is based on forged documents, concealed decisive evidence, or fraudulent conduct during arbitral proceedings. This study examines the legal basis for annulment, the legal responsibility of arbitrators and arbitration institutions following annulment, the procedural framework governing annulment applications, and the implications of annulment for arbitral immunity, legal certainty, and public confidence in arbitration. The research employs normative legal research using statutory, conceptual, comparative, and case approaches. Primary legal materials consist of Indonesian arbitration legislation, while secondary materials include legal doctrines, scholarly books, journal articles, international arbitration principles, and selected judicial decisions. The collected materials are analyzed qualitatively through systematic, conceptual, and comparative legal interpretation. The study finds that annulment constitutes an exceptional form of judicial control rather than an appellate review of arbitral awards. It further demonstrates that arbitrators and arbitration institutions generally benefit from functional immunity derived from their quasi-judicial role, although such immunity is not absolute where fraud, bad faith, conflicts of interest, or acts exceeding arbitral authority are legally established. The study concludes that balancing the principle of finality with institutional accountability is essential to preserving legal certainty and public confidence, while strengthening ethical standards, institutional oversight, procedural transparency, and clearer regulation of arbitral immunity will enhance the credibility and accountability of Indonesia's arbitration system.
The Flexibility of Ta'zir Punishment in the Islamic Penal System abdul; Ali Yanda Safaruddin; Masdalena Harahap; Jia Novita Damanik; M. Syaifullah Fatwa
Jurnal Sahabat ISNU SU Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025): ISNU Sahabat Desember 2025
Publisher : ISNU Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70826/jsisnu.v3i1.1254

Abstract

Islamic criminal law (jinayah jurisprudence) is an important instrument in upholding justice, maintaining order, and protecting the five basic principles of human life (maqasid al-syari'ah), including religion, soul, reason, offspring and property. One of the strategic elements in the Islamic punishment system is the jarimah ta'zir, which has a flexible character because it does not have standard sanctions in the Qur'an or hadith, so determining the form and level of punishment is left to the ruler or judge through the ijtihad mechanism. This research uses the literature study method (library research) by reviewing books, cutting-edge scientific works and journal articles related to the jarimah ta'zir, its legal flexibility and its relevance in dealing with contemporary crime. Descriptive-analytical analysis was carried out to describe the concept, position, flexibility and application of jarimah ta'zir in a modern context, including digital criminal acts, abuse of authority and other social violations. The results of the research show that the flexibility of the ta'zir jarimah allows judges to adjust sanctions proportionally and educatively based on the perpetrator's conditions, social impact, and the principle of substantive justice, so that Islamic criminal law remains responsive to societal dynamics. Nevertheless, the application of flexibility should be limited by the norms of the Shari'a so as not to create subjectivity and legal uncertainty. Thus, the ta'zir jarimah not only functions as a criminal tool, but also a strategic, adaptive and relevant preventive and rehabilitative instrument in the contemporary Islamic legal system, which is able to balance legal certainty, education and the benefit of society.
Civil Liability of E-Commerce Platforms for the Sale of Counterfeit Industrial Design Products (A Study on the Protection of Rights Holders in the Digital Economic Ecosystem) Mellysyah Dewi Sartika Siregar; Siti Nur Fadillah; Nova Syafitri; Nadiva Armayani; Cindy Mutiara Putri
Jurnal Sahabat ISNU SU Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025): ISNU Sahabat Desember 2025
Publisher : ISNU Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70826/jsisnu.v3i1.1255

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the civil liability of e-commerce platforms for the rampant sale of counterfeit industrial design products in the digital economy ecosystem. Although platforms act as intermediaries, their presence often becomes a means of industrial design rights violations that harm legitimate rights holders. The research method used is normative juridical with a statutory and conceptual approach. The results of the study indicate that the legal standing of e-commerce platforms in civil law can be classified as electronic means providers who have subjective supervision obligations. Forms of industrial design violations in the marketplace generally take the form of imitation of the configuration, shape, and composition of products sold by third parties. The analysis of the platform's civil liability refers to the Safe Harbor Policy principle, but platforms can be held accountable through the doctrine of Unlawful Acts (PMH) if proven negligent or allowing infringing content to remain available after a report (notice and take down). Legal protection for rights holders includes preventive protection through the platform's IPR verification system and repressive protection in the form of civil compensation claims.
The Challenges of Copyright Protection in the Digital Age: Between Innovation and Piracy Aicha Azdina Adly Fesya; Asfrianda Mulia NST; Akbar Rayfades; Mu’ammar Rafsanjany; Awal Diwangga
Jurnal Sahabat ISNU SU Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025): ISNU Sahabat Desember 2025
Publisher : ISNU Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70826/jsisnu.v3i1.1256

Abstract

The development of digital technology has brought significant changes in the patterns of creation, distribution, and consumption of creative works. While the digital era encourages innovation and ease of access to intellectual works, it also increases copyright infringement practices such as digital piracy. This situation poses serious challenges for the copyright legal protection system, particularly in maintaining a balance between protecting the interests of creators and the public interest. This study aims to analyze the challenges of copyright protection in the digital era and examine legal remedies that can be taken to address piracy practices. The research method used is normative juridical research with a statutory and conceptual approach, through a review of copyright-related laws and regulations and relevant legal literature. The research stages include collecting primary and secondary legal materials, normative analysis, and drawing deductive conclusions. The results indicate that weak law enforcement, low public legal awareness, and technological developments that are faster than regulations are the main factors contributing to the rise of digital piracy. Therefore, strengthening regulations, increasing public legal literacy, and synergy between the government, creative industry players, and digital platforms are needed to create an effective and equitable copyright protection system in the digital era.
Human Trafficking Crimes from the Perspective of the Police, Prosecutors, and the Witness and Victim Protection Agency Farhan Fathur Rahman; Ilham Beni Hamadi Hrp; Rossy Al Jabar; Muhammad Rafli Batu Bara
Jurnal Sahabat ISNU SU Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): ISNU Sahabat Mei 2025
Publisher : ISNU Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70826/jsisnu.v3i1.1257

Abstract

Human trafficking constitutes a serious form of exploitation for commercial purposes and is widely regarded as a manifestation of modern slavery. Despite the existence of victims’ apparent consent in certain cases, such consent does not negate the exploitative nature of the crime, as victims are often placed in positions where refusal is impossible. In Indonesia, the persistence and increasing number of human trafficking cases raise significant concerns regarding the effectiveness and quality of law enforcement. As a response to global and national commitments, Indonesia has ratified the Palermo Protocol through Law No. 14 of 2009 and strengthened its domestic legal framework through Law No. 21 of 2007 on the Eradication of the Crime of Human Trafficking. Law enforcement efforts in combating human trafficking involve multiple institutions, including the police, the public prosecutor’s office, and the Witness and Victim Protection Agency (LPSK). The police are responsible for investigation and uncovering trafficking networks, while prosecutors exercise dominus litis authority during prosecution, including asset confiscation, license revocation, and restitution for victims. Meanwhile, LPSK plays a vital role in ensuring the physical, psychological, and procedural protection of victims. This study employs a normative juridical research method with qualitative analysis, examining statutory regulations and legal doctrines related to human trafficking. The research aims to assess the effectiveness of law enforcement practices, identify existing obstacles, and emphasize the urgency of integrated, victim-oriented approaches to achieve substantive justice and improved governance in handling human trafficking crimes.
Development Of A Web-Based Expert System For Healthy Diet Menu Recommendations Using The Certainty Factor Method Despa Prasetyo Wardoyo; Fatma Sari Hutagalung
Jurnal Sahabat ISNU SU Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): ISNU Sahabat Mei 2025
Publisher : ISNU Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70826/jsisnu.v3i1.1258

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus and heart disease are two non-communicable diseases with a high prevalence rate in Indonesia. The increasing number of patients suffering from these diseases is influenced by unhealthy lifestyles, such as consuming foods high in sugar and fat, lack of physical activity, and low public awareness regarding healthy eating patterns. This condition causes many patients to experience difficulties in determining appropriate food menus according to their health conditions. Therefore, a system is needed to assist the community in determining healthy diet menus quickly, accurately, and practically. This study aims to design and develop a web-based expert system capable of providing healthy diet menu recommendations for patients with heart disease and diabetes using the Certainty Factor method. The research employed a quantitative method with data collection techniques including literature studies, observations, interviews, and library research. The system was developed using the PHP programming language and MySQL database. The Certainty Factor method was applied to calculate the level of confidence in food recommendations based on users’ health conditions such as blood pressure, blood sugar levels, cholesterol, body mass index, and family medical history. The results showed that the system was able to provide healthy food menu recommendations according to the user’s health condition with a certain level of confidence. This system is expected to help the public implement healthy lifestyles and serve as an initial consultation medium related to diet management based on information technology.
Serious Human Rights Violations (The Role of the National Commission on Human Rights, the Human Rights Prosecutor's Office, and the Human Rights Court) Dinda Suciana Rambe; Yolanda Ayu Gita; Tasya Devina Putri Harahap; Putri Nabila Aryhati Solin
Jurnal Sahabat ISNU SU Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): ISNU Sahabat Mei 2025
Publisher : ISNU Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70826/jsisnu.v3i1.1261

Abstract

Gross violations of human rights are serious crimes that require a specific and integrated legal mechanism. In Indonesia, their handling involves several key institutions, namely the National Commission on Human Rights (Komnas HAM), the Attorney General's Office through its division of prosecution of gross human rights violations, and the Human Rights Court. This study aims to analyze the role and authority of each institution in the process of enforcing the law against gross human rights violations, while also assessing the effectiveness of coordination between these institutions. The research method used is normative legal research with a statutory and conceptual approach, through a review of Law Number 26 of 2000 concerning the Human Rights Court and related regulations. The results of the study indicate that although the authority of each institution has been clearly regulated, in practice, various obstacles remain, such as differences in interpretation of authority, weak coordination, and political and administrative obstacles. Therefore, strengthening the legal framework and inter-institutional coordination mechanisms is necessary to achieve effective human rights law enforcement and justice.
Reorienting Legal Protection of Employment in Indonesia in Facing Globalization and Digitalization Topan Ahmad Anhari Harahap; Cita Suci; Anisa Dwi Putri; Abdillah Tarigan
Jurnal Sahabat ISNU SU Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): ISNU Sahabat Mei 2026
Publisher : ISNU Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70826/jsisnu.v3i1.1262

Abstract

The rapid development of globalization and digitalization has fundamentally transformed employment relations in Indonesia. Conventional employment patterns characterized by stable and formal work arrangements have increasingly shifted toward flexible and precarious forms of employment, particularly with the rise of the digital economy and platform-based labor. This transformation poses significant challenges to the existing labor law framework, which was originally designed to regulate permanent and formal employment relationships. As a result, many platform and gig economy workers are excluded from normative labor protections, including social security, wage protection, and job security, due to their classification as independent contractors or partners rather than employees. Labor law serves a strategic function as a protective instrument for workers, who are generally in a weaker bargaining position compared to employers. Within the welfare state paradigm, such protection is intended not only to provide legal certainty but also to promote social justice and societal welfare. However, the dynamics of globalization and digitalization have exposed a regulatory gap between evolving employment practices and existing legal norms, potentially weakening the protection of workers’ rights. This study applies a qualitative research method using a normative-juridical approach. Data were collected through a systematic review of labor law regulations and relevant legal literature and analyzed descriptively and qualitatively. The study emphasizes the urgent need to reorient Indonesian labor law policies to balance economic growth, investment interests, and the constitutional obligation to ensure equitable legal protection for all workers, particularly those in digital and non-standard employment relationships.  

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