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Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas
Published by LEMIGAS
ISSN : 20893361     EISSN : 25410520     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Energy
The Scientific Contributions for Oil and Gas is the official journal of the Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS for the dissemination of information on research activities, technology engineering development and laboratory testing in the oil and gas field. Manuscripts in English are accepted from all in any institutions, college and industry oil and gas throughout the country and overseas.
Arjuna Subject : Energi (semua kategori) - Teknologi Bahan Bakar
Articles 10 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol 34 No 1 (2011)" : 10 Documents clear
DEVELOPMENT OF WRIGHT BLENDING METHOD IN VISCOSITY ESTIMATION OF LIQUID-BINARY MIXTURE OF BASE OIL AND OLEFIN COPOLYMERS (OCPs) Nelson Saksono; Subiyanto Subiyanto; Setyo Widodo
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 34 No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.34.1.642

Abstract

This study aims to develop mathematical equations used in Wright’s method to predictkinematic viscosity of liquid-binary mixture consisting of base oil and additive. The equationis developed by addition of specific constants (αi and αc), representing interaction ofeach component in the mixtures. Evaluation is done using 70 empirical data from 35 samplesderived from liquid blending of 4 types of base oils (B.1, B.2, B.3 and B.4) and olefincopolymers (OCPs), varied in the range of 5-30 % of weight. Kinematic viscosity is measuredat 40oC and 100oC using a cannon automatic viscometer series 2000 (CAV 2000)according to ASTM method D 445. Validation of the equation (Developed-Wright’s method)is performed over all of liquid-binary mixtures of base oil-OCPs, and the accuracy isindicated by percent average absolute deviation (%AAD). The results show that the additionof specific constants could minimize the deviations of estimated values. The averagedeviation of Developed-Wright’s method on kinematic viscosity estimation at 40oC and100oC becomes 2.056 % and 1.917% respectively, lower than Wright’s method which are8.341 % and 14.696%; meanwhile the maximum deviation reaches 5.821 % and 4.657%,lower than Wright’s method which are 21.256 % and 25.265% respectively. These valuesindicate that the Developed-Wright’s method has better accuracy.
Technology Challenges In Indonesia Oil And Gas Development Maizar Rahman; Suprajitno Munadi; Bambang Widarsono; Yusep K Caryana
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 34 No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.34.1.787

Abstract

This paper presents the challenges in oil and gas development in Indonesia, especially in technical aspects. In upstream, this country faces the fact that the production as well as the proven reserves of oil is continuing to decline. The challenges are therefore on how to find new resources, how to develop frontier area and how to produce more oil from the remaining oil in place in the existing fields. The oil deposit and traps are small, but also complexes. Very limited primary data makes it difficult to have a discovery. More accurate, intensive and comprehensive exploration data are therefore needed which, in turn, will need the use of the most sophisticated exploration technology. On the other hand it isrecommend that Government of Indonesia should generate primary exploration data prior to oil and gas prospecting. Regarding production, there is still hope to maintain the production level by exploiting further the remaining oil in place, the effort of which will need the use of advanced technology. The future of EOR application in Indonesia is bright and steps have been taken towards the objective. However, some important technical matters should still be overcome. In petroleum refining Indonesia faces increasing demand, the need of lighter products, more stringent fuels specifications, demand increase of petrochemical products, old and low complexity existing refineries and not sufficient margin for developing new refinery. The development of new refineries seems a must from the view of energy security. However, low margin should be overcome by appropriate strategy such as integration with petrochemical and employing more efficient technology. Some challenges that need to be considered in gas development in Indonesia include increasing gas demand,more gas reserve offshore, scattered gas consumers, limited infrastructure, not optimal domestic utilization and weak willingness to pay. Several technological approaches should be done to overcome those challenges.
Irreducible Water Saturation And Its Governing Factors: Characteristics Of Some Sandstones In Western Indonesia Bambang Widarsono
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 34 No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.34.1.788

Abstract

Irreducible water saturation (Swirr) plays a very significant role in the estimation of hydrocarbon in place and reserves. Inaccurate Swirr and lack of knowledge for judging its accuracy may result in erroneous and misleading reserve estimates along with its consequences. This study is basically aimed at understanding of Swirr characteristics of reservoir sandstones in some fields in western Indonesia. For the study, data obtained from 1,334 core samples – taken from 78 fields in 10 sedimentary basins – is used. Observations and investigations are made in sedimentary basin, field, and formation scales. The main finding is that rock wettability plays a very significant factor in determining Swirr characteristics, in a manner more than what rock pore types and configuration do. Its variation – be it contrasting or difference in strength – influences the Swirr characteristics in its relation to rock permeability. It is also found that geological similarity and geographical proximity do not have effects on Swirr characteristics unless they directly affect the rock’s overall wettability. This occurs not only at higher scale of sedimentary basin but also at lower levels of field and rock formations. The study also produces permeability - Swirr correlations for both sedimentary basins and rock formations levels. The overall results of this study is an understanding that gross simplification in assuming reservoir general wettability has to avoided in order to prevent erroneous picture over a field’s most representative Swirr characteristics.
Reduction Of Bacteria Cells Viability In Injection Water By Using Ammonium Chloride Zulkifliani Zulkifliani; Usman Usman
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 34 No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.34.1.789

Abstract

Ammonium chloride is one of the biocides used to reduce viability of bacterial cells in  produced water from oil wells that will be applied as injection water. The advantage of this biocide is having high epication penetrate the cell wall, causing death of bacteria cells (bacteriocidal). Tests for antibacterial activity was done by using the API RP-38 method by adding ammonium chloride into the produced water to obtain the final concentrations of 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, and 128 mg/L. Laboratory test results showed that giving ammonium chloride at a concentration of 64 mg/L can significantly reduced the viability of bacterial cells, including groups of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
Environmental Study On Co2 Storage In The Deep Sea: An Overview M.S Wibisono; Hanifah Iswandari
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 34 No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.34.1.790

Abstract

Global warming is an important environmental issue caused by the accumulation of CO2 in the atmosphere that may result in climate change with several impacts. Such gas must be reduced by various ways of action from cross-sectoral human activities including scrapping or sequestration technique. The gas can be delivered by pipes or tanker ship following the sequestration to be stored by injecting method. One of the proposed storage sites for such gas which still in the scientific polemic is in the deep sea. he problems appeared such as the overall processes are considered as a high cost technology for the developing countries excluding additional energy cost. Furthermore the basic legal system to regulate and to control the activity is not yet provided in Indonesia. This paper presents a short discussion from several aspects with the aim to obtain problem solving if such gas would be stored in the deep sea. It is also suggested from the scientific point of view that profound study on CO2 storage should be undertaken from laboratory scale as well as in the deep sea. Since the chemical-based scrapping or sequestration of CO2 and its storage need high cost investment and operation, so at least the biological-based sequestration combined with environmental oriented physical-chemical based are offered.
Co2 Storage Capacity Estimation Of Depleted Oil And Gas Reservoirs In Indonesia Utomo P Iskandar; Usman Usman
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 34 No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.34.1.791

Abstract

Implementation of co2 capture and geological storage technology at the scale needed To achieve a significant and meaningful reduction in co2 emissions requires knowledge of The available co2 storage capacity. Various geological formations located across many Islands in indonesia appear to be potential to store the anthropogenic co2, particularly in Depleted oil and gas reservoir. These depleted oil and gas reservoirs are appropriate Candidates for co2 storage. However, the capacity of this geological formation has not Been estimated yet. The objective of this study is to estimate the storage capacity of depleted Oil and gas reservoirs in indonesia using the methodology, developed by carbon Sequestration leadership forum (cslf). Screening result from our databases showed there Were 103 depleted oil and gas fields were considered depleted from their np/ult ratio (hydrocarbon cumulative production over ultimate recovery) which were > 55%. However, Only 48 fields had complete data to estimate. We used the methodology that was Initially developed by cslf but then it had been simplified by poulsen et al. We considered This methodology as the most convenient to use in this country scale of assessment despite Of any simplification had been made. Estimation result showed riau and south sumatra Region have large storage capacities which are around 229 and 144 mtco2 respectively. The estimates of co2 storage capacity reflects the actual capacity that was based on data Availability during the assessment. The potential storage capacity might change as data Becoming more available. Hence, the storage capacity map resulted from this study is not Conclusive estimation. However, this study indicates that indonesia has huge potential of Co2 storage in depleted oil and gas reservoirs.
The Effect Of Biocides Addition Against Morphology And Size Distribution Of Bacteria Cells In Injection Water Zulkifliani Zulkifliani; Junita Trivianty Musu
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 34 No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.34.1.792

Abstract

Produced water is the water produced along with oil and gas. Produced water contains small to large quantities of suspended solids, such as corrosion material, scale, clay, wax, oil residues, and also bacteria and their metabolites. Produced water which is re-injected into the reservoir without having proper water treatment can lead to rock plugging and reservoir damage. One of the causes of reservoir damage is the occurrence of bacteria cells and their metabolites. Biocides are used to reduce the viability of bacteria cells in produced water to be applied as water injection. The aim of this study is to understand the effect of biocides on morphology and the size distribution of bacteria cells in injected water. Observations with scanning electron microscope (SEM) and laboratory tests showed that provision of biocides can cause damage of cytoplasmic membrane on bacteria cells or cells lyses and significantly reduced size distribution of bacteria cells.
The Jurassic-Cretaceous Paleogeography Of The Sula Area, North Maluku Eko Budi Lelono; Irwansyah Irwansyah; Panuju Panuju
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 34 No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.34.1.793

Abstract

The study of paleogeography and hydrocarbon potentiality of the Sula area, North Maluku has been conducted by the Lemigas Exploration team. This paper specifically presents a paleogeography of the Jurassic-Cretaceous age of the Sula area as a part of the result of this study. In this paper, paleogeography means palaeoenvironment which is defined based on biostratigraphy. Data used in this paper are mostly secondary data obtained from National Data Center which is combined with primary data collected during field work campaign. The subsurface data analysis allows subdivision of 7 depositional sequences throughout Jurassic-Cretaceous succession. In fact, each sequence mostly consists of transgressive and highstand system tracts. Lowstand system tract only occurs in the earliest sequence. Sequences 1 (Bobong Formation), 2, 3 and 4 (Buya Formation) are assigned to the Jurassic age, whilst sequences 5, 6 and 7 (Buya Formation) are attributed to the Cretaceous age. Generally, the depositional environment of most sequences is getting deeper toward the North. The shallowest environment takes place in non-marine setting, whereas the deepest environment occurs in outer neritic (100m-200m). It is most likely that Jurassic-Cretaceous depocenter was situated in the northern part of the study area. However, it is required additional data to confirm this interpretation.
Oxidation Stability Improvement For Jatropha Biodiesel To Meet The International Standard For Automotive Applications Rizqon Fajar; Cahyo Setyo Wibowo; Siti Yubaidah
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 34 No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.34.1.794

Abstract

Biodiesel from Jatropha oil has several advantages compared to which from Palm oil, among others better cold flow properties (lower cloud point, pour point and CFPP). However, Jatropha biodiesel has an oxidation stability that is too low (2-3 hours) so that its application in the diesel engine is not acceptable. This paper reports the effect of addition of Palm bodiesel and commercial anti-oxidant on the oxidation stability of Jatropha biodiesel. The objective of this research is to find the formulation for Jatropha biodiesel which will meet the oxidation stability determined by World Wide Fuel Charter 2009 (WWFC) of min.10 hours. The required addition of BHT into Jatropha biodiesel is more than 10000 ppm to meet the WWFC specification. The addition of BHT will decrease to less than 10000 ppm if the Jatropha biodiesel was blended with Palm biodiesel as much as 60% v/v. Addition of antioxidant should be limited to a minimum value because there are also concerns about the negative effects of antioxidants on the engine components
Extraction Of Naphthenic Acid From Indonesian Crude Oils By Methanol-Ammonium Solution Anda Lucia
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 34 No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.34.1.795

Abstract

Indonesia’s crude oil which has a total acid number (TAN) with a concentration more than 0.5 mg KOH/g are often found. The presence of naphtenic acid tends to increase the value of TAN. The existence of naphthenic acid needs to be reduced to avoid problems in the petroleum refining process because it will cause problems of corrosion, foaming, etc. On the other hand, naphthenic acid may have a value-added as an emulsifier, antiseptics timber, preservatives, and so on. This study extracted naphthenic acid from some Indonesian crude oils which have relatively high TAN value oil with the code A, B and C. Extraction of naphthenic acid from crude B shows quite high results of that is equal to 65.47% with a purity level of 96.6%

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