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Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas
Published by LEMIGAS
ISSN : 20893361     EISSN : 25410520     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Energy
The Scientific Contributions for Oil and Gas is the official journal of the Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS for the dissemination of information on research activities, technology engineering development and laboratory testing in the oil and gas field. Manuscripts in English are accepted from all in any institutions, college and industry oil and gas throughout the country and overseas.
Arjuna Subject : Energi (semua kategori) - Teknologi Bahan Bakar
Articles 683 Documents
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Integrated Static–Dynamic Analysis for Sweet Spot Identification and Reserves Prediction in Low-Permeability Reservoirs Using Production Data and Geospatial Attributes Yuliani Yuniwati; Dedy Irawan; Ivan Kurnia; Alfian Gilang; M. Soleh Ibrahim
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 49 No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/scog.v49i2.2085

Abstract

The optimization of infill well placement and the reliable prediction of Estimated Ultimate Recovery (EUR) continue to represent critical challenges in low-permeability reservoir. Conventional permeability evaluation using Pressure Build-Up tests is often impractical due to prolonged shut-in requirements and operational constraints. Although geospatial tools such as Antelope Map effectively identify fracable zones associated with high initial production rates, sustained long-term recovery is not necessarily guaranteed. This study proposes an integrated static–dynamic framework that combines geospatial attributes with production-based analysis to improve reservoirs characterization and well placement decisions. In-situ permeability and flow capacity, expressed as √khXf, are extracted directly from routine production data of 14 hydraulically fractured wells using the Inverted Decline Curve method, thereby bypassing the limitations of pressure transient analysis. The Stretched Exponential Production Decline model is subsequently applied to generate bounded and realistic EUR predictions. Pearson correlation analysis shows a weak relationship between permeability derived from static logs and EUR. In contrast, the production-derived √khXf the parameter shows the strongest positive correlation, reflecting effective flow capacity and the influence of matrix heterogeneities such as trace fossils. By comparing the √kh distribution with the static Antelope Map, this dual-criteria approach helps identify sweet spots that support both favourable fracability and more sustained fluid delivery. In general, this data-driven workflow provides a practical alternative framework to reduce geological uncertainty and optimize well placement in low-quality reservoirs.
Reducing Uncertainty in Idle Well Reactivation: A Novel Integrated Screening Framework for Mature Oil Fields Sayoga Heru Prayitno; Hariyadi; Indah Widiyaningsih; Ndaru Cahyaningtyas; Mia Ferian Helmy; Bintang Pramuditha
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 49 No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/scog.v49i2.2089

Abstract

Mature oil fields are increasingly challenged by declining reservoir performance, resulting in a growing number of idle wells with remaining hydrocarbon potential. Despite their strategic importance, reactivation efforts are frequently constrained by high uncertainty in candidate selection due to fragmented evaluation practices, where production behaviour, well integrity, and reservoir quality are often assessed independently. This limitation often leads to suboptimal decision-making and unsuccessful reactivation programs.This study proposes an integrated screening framework to reduce uncertainty in idle well reactivation by systematically combining production diagnostics, well integrity evaluation, and reservoir characterization within a unified workflow.The proposed methodology integrates Water-Oil Ratio (WOR) trend analysis and WOR derivative analysis for water-production diagnostics, Cement Bond Log (CBL) interpretation for cement integrity and zonal isolation assessment, and petrophysical evaluation to determine reservoir quality and hydrocarbon potential. These parameters are incorporated into structured screening criteria to enable consistent classification of reactivation potential. The framework was applied to Well BP-16 in an Indonesian mature oil field as a representative case study. The results indicate that excessive water production and poor cement bonding are the dominant factors contributing to well inactivity. The integrated evaluation also identified a previously overlooked interval at 693–696 m with favourable reservoir properties and lower water-production risk.Compared with conventional single-domain evaluations, the proposed approach provides a more comprehensive understanding of subsurface conditions by linking production behaviour, well integrity, and reservoir characteristics within a single evaluation framework. This integration improves the reliability of reactivation candidate selection and supports more effective reactivation planning. The proposed framework offers a practical and field-applicable approach for optimizing idle well utilization, improving production efficiency, and extending the economic life of mature oil fields.
Predictive Modeling of Changes in B35 Biodiesel Fuel Characteristics Treated with Ultrafine Bubbles During Storage Sam Herodian; Emi Yuliarita; Ahmad Thoriq; Anto Tri Sugiarto; Erniati
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 49 No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/scog.v49i2.2092

Abstract

This study investigated predictive modeling of changes in B35 biodiesel fuel characteristics treated with ultrafine bubbles (UFB) during storage. B35 biodiesel, consisting of 35% palm oil biodiesel and 65% diesel fuel, has been widely implemented in Indonesia as part of the national renewable energy program. However, maintaining fuel quality and stability during storage remains a major challenge. In this study, B35 biodiesel samples were treated with oxygen injection using UFB technology at durations of 10, 20, and 30 minutes and stored for seven weeks under controlled conditions. Fuel characteristics, including kinematic viscosity, density, water content, total acid number, and oxidation stability, were evaluated weekly. The results showed that increasing UFB injection duration tended to increase kinematic viscosity, density, and total acid number, while water content and oxidation stability tended to decrease during storage. The developed predictive models generally exhibited polynomial regression patterns. The models demonstrated good predictive performance for density, water content, and oxidation stability, whereas the predictive performance for viscosity was relatively lower. One-way ANOVA indicated that UFB injection duration had no significant effect (P > 0.05) on viscosity, density, or total acid number, but significantly affected water content and oxidation stability (P < 0.05). These findings provide important insights into the storage stability of B35 biodiesel fuel treated with UFB technology.
The Effect of MES-Ethanol Formulation in Enhancing Surfactant Flooding Efficiency - A Laboratory Scale Perspective Mulia Ginting; Muhammad Taufiq Fathaddin; Puri Wijayanti; Apriandi Rizkina Rangga Wastu; Zakia Azzahra; Eleonora Anselina Desi Letor; Ryan Gilberth de Fretes
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 49 No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/scog.v49i2.2096

Abstract

Surfactant flooding is an Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) technique aimed at improving oil displacement efficiency by reducing the interfacial tension (IFT) between oil and water. This study investigates the performance of palm oil–based Methyl Ester Sulfonate (MES) surfactant combined with 96% ethanol as a co-surfactant for EOR applications. The surfactant formulations were prepared at MES concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 2.0% and evaluated through density, viscosity, aqueous stability, phase behavior, interfacial tension, and coreflooding experiments. The aqueous stability test showed that all formulations remained clear without precipitation, indicating good thermal stability. Viscosity measurements showed that solution viscosity increased with higher surfactant concentrations but consistently declined as the temperature rose from 30 °C to 60 °C. Phase behavior analysis demonstrated that ethanol enabled the formation of emulsions at all concentrations, with middle-phase microemulsions observed at MES concentrations of 1.25% and 1.5%. The largest middle-phase emulsion volume of 3.00% was obtained at 1.25% MES, indicating the optimal formulation. Interfacial tension measurements showed a reduction to 0.521 mN/m, confirming the effectiveness of the co-surfactant in lowering IFT. Coreflooding results indicated that surfactant injection yielded an incremental oil recovery factor of 29.24% over conventional waterflooding, achieving a total cumulative recovery factor of 45.90%.
Probabilistic Modeling of Occupational Health and Safety Culture Influence on Operational Safety in Petrochemical and Oil and Gas Facilities Using Bayesian Networks Supardi; Jerry; Denny Hendrik Nainggolan
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 49 No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/scog.v49i2.2097

Abstract

The oil and gas and petrochemical industries are characterized by high-risk operations involving complex processes, hazardous materials, and diverse working conditions. Therefore, a strong Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) culture is essential to promote operational safety. This study examines the effect of OHS culture on operational safety using probabilistic analysis based on Bayesian Network modeling. A quantitative explanatory research design is employed, with data collected from 78 industrial placement students at Politeknik Industri Petrokimia Banten who work in production and maintenance facilities of high-risk petrochemical and oil and gas companies in the industrial area of Cilegon, Banten, Indonesia. OHS culture is measured through four dimensions: management commitment, safety communication, risk awareness, and safety participation. Operational safety is assessed using indicators of safety behavior and near-miss reporting. The results show that OHS culture plays a significant role in determining operational safety, with safety communication exerting the greatest influence on safety performance. Probabilistic inference indicates that higher levels of OHS culture lead to safer operating conditions, while inadequate communication contributes significantly to poor safety performance. Sensitivity analysis further identifies communication as a key determinant of safety behavior and risk management.  
Integrated Logging, Production, and Geological Analysis for Bypassed Oil Identification in CNA Field, Central Sumatra Basin Karina Larasati; Dimas Suryo Wicaksono; Dedi Kristanto; Hariyadi; Rahajeng Suryo Rahmadhini; Carin Nova Azzaria
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 49 No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/scog.v49i2.2099

Abstract

The Central Sumatra Basin’s CNA Field has been producing hydrocarbons since 1974 and is now considered a mature oil field. The field contains six Long Term Closed (LTC) wells and two Plug and Abandonment wells, providing an opportunity to enhance hydrocarbon recovery by identifying and reactivating residual productive zones. The study is based on two LTC wells, CNA-01 and CNA-03, which are suspected to contain bypassed oil potential. Integrated evaluation of wireline logging data, production history, and geological correlation was performed to identify prospective bypassed oil zones. As a first step in the analysis, resistivity and permeability cut-off values were determined, followed by qualitative log interpretation to identify hydrocarbon-bearing intervals. The identified zones were then confirmed using production test data, structural correlation, and historical production performance. Moreover, Chan’s Diagnostic Plot was used to analyze the water production behavior and to identify the dominant water influx mechanism. Results indicated a total of nine potential bypassed oil intervals, with five intervals identified in well CNA-01 and four intervals identified in well CNA-03, within the BKA and BKB sand units. The main factors affecting bypassed oil are reservoir heterogeneity, variation in vertical permeability, channeling and discontinuous sand distribution. The integrated analysis suggests several workover strategies, including additional perforation in uncompleted hydrocarbon-bearing zones, reducing intervals affected by excessive water production, and squeeze cementing to isolate non-productive intervals. The results presented here demonstrate the value of integrated reservoir evaluation in identifying remaining hydrocarbon potential and aiding mature field redevelopment.
Investigation of Insulation Effect on Wax Deposition Using a Flow Assurance Simulator Astra Agus Pramana; Inggrialianthari Rezkhi Trinugrahandini
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 49 No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/scog.v49i2.2104

Abstract

Wax deposition remains one of the most common and disruptive problems in oil and gas pipelines. To address this issue, various methods are developed for both onshore and offshore fields according to their field characteristics. Insulation is one of the mitigation methods that generally performs well, despite several implementation challenges. This study presents a wax-deposition model to assess the effectiveness of insulation as a mitigation method. The analyzed fluid flows from the MOON platform to the SELENA platform in Field W through a carbon-steel subsea pipeline. The pipeline is modeled over a simulated distance of approximately 0–1,900 m, with detailed wax-deposition analysis focused on the critical section of 0–700 m. Rubber and concrete are applied to evaluate their performance as pipeline insulation materials. This study uses five scenarios with two different materials. The results show that, in all cases, wax thickness reduction reaches 100%, while rubber insulation performs more effectively than concrete in reducing temperature decline and heat loss. In addition, other parameters, such as pressure, Wax Appearance Temperature (WAT), and flow rate, are analyzed in this study.
Emission Trading Systems in Indonesia’s Power Generation Sub-Sector:Comparative Analysis, Governance Failures, and Policy Recommendations Paul Patar Maruli Butarbutar; Muhammad Zilal Hamzah; Eleonora Sofilda
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 49 No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/scog.v49i2.2106

Abstract

Indonesia’s Emission Trading System (ETS) for the power generation sub-sector is a central instrument for achieving its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) targets, yet critical governance failures undermine its environmental and fiscal effectiveness. A significant gap in the existing literature concerns how long-term contractual provisions in power markets interact with ETS compliance obligations, and whether those interactions systematically undermine the polluter-pays principle. This study employs a qualitative multi-method design combining comparative institutional analysis of ETS frameworks in the European Union, China, and Indonesia with primary data from an expert Focus Group Discussion (FGD) of six informants, coded using NVivo 12 qualitative software. The study identifies two structural governance failures. First, the ETS is operationally voluntary: the penalty regulation mandated by Law No. 7/2021 has not been issued by the Ministry of Finance, eliminating the compliance incentive. Second, a Government Force Majeure (GFM) clause embedded in Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs) between the state utility PT PLN and Independent Power Producers (IPPs) creates a multi-stage fiscal pathway through which ETS compliance costs may be transferred from coal-fired power plant operators to the state energy subsidy budget — structurally inverting the polluter-pays principle. Comparative analysis further reveals that while Indonesia’s intensity-based ETS shares design features with China’s national carbon market, it lacks the enforcement architecture that China has progressively established. The study contributes a novel governance failure mode — the GFM–ETS fiscal compensation pathway — not previously theorised in ETS governance literature, and recommends enforcement regulation issuance, GFM–subsidy fiscal interface reform, integrated MRV platform development, bottom-up cap-setting anchored in plant-level data, and establishment of a dedicated carbon market authority.
Integrating DT Sonic and RMS Velocity As Dual Indicators for Overpressure and Fluid Screening in The Lower Seurula Formation of The Rayeu Field, North Sumatra Basin Pramuditya Dwi Permana; Dasapta Erwin Irawan; Agus Mochamad Ramdhan
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 49 No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/scog.v49i2.2108

Abstract

Velocity anomalies are widely used as indicators of Overpressure and hydrocarbon presence in clastic sedimentary basins. However, seismic and sonic velocity responses are inherently non-unique because similar anomalies may result from unloading Overpressure, lithological variation, or fluid-related effects. This ambiguity becomes significant within the Lower Seurula Formation of the Rayeu field, North Sumatra Basin, where several wells exhibit varying production performance despite comparable velocity responses.This study proposes an integrated interpretation framework combining residual DT sonic (∆DT) and residual RMS velocity (∆VRMS) as dual indicators for Overpressure and fluid screening. The workflow integrates well log analysis, seismic-derived RMS velocity, interval velocity evaluation, clay transformation interpretation, and Fluid Replacement Modeling (FRM).Results indicate that the Lower Seurula Formation is dominated by unloading-related Overpressure, supported by persistent DT sonic deviation, interval velocity reversal, and evidence of smectite-illite transformation. FRM analysis demonstrates that gas saturation significantly reduces P-wave velocity and may generate responses similar to Overpressure anomalies. Wells exhibiting elevated ∆DT and strongly negative ∆VRMS responses generally correspond to better production performance.These findings demonstrate that integrating residual DT sonic and residual RMS velocity reduces interpretation ambiguity between unloading-related Overpressure and hydrocarbon-related fluid effects. The proposed workflow provides a practical approach for early-stage fluid screening and Overpressure evaluation in clastic sedimentary basins.
Pseudo-3D Depth Reconstruction from Multi-Vintage 2D and 3D Seismic Data in The Offshore Southeast Sumatra Dadang Ramdan; Abdul Haris; Dewi Manik Darmayanti; Permana Citra Adi; Iwan Rudiyanto; Muhamad Yanuar Mahardi
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 49 No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/scog.v49i2.2110

Abstract

The availability of legacy 2D seismic data in many mature basins offers an opportunity to generate 3D-like subsurface images without the need for expensive 3D seismic acquisition. This study proposes and demonstrates a workflow to construct a pseudo-3D seismic volume from multi-vintage 2D and 3D seismic data in Offshore Southeast Sumatra. The objective is to improve subsurface imaging and depth-structure mapping while minimizing exploration cost and time. Major challenges include variations in amplitude, frequency, phase, and time alignment across datasets acquired with different parameters, as well as determining the optimum line spacing required for reliable 3D reconstruction. The workflow begins with 2D–3D matching and amplitude balancing, followed by spatial interpolation using the 3D Sparse Radon Interpolation technique, which reconstructs coherent reflectors between 2D lines. The generated pseudo-3D volume is then merged with available 3D seismic data to create a unified volume for interpretation. Subsequent time-to-depth conversion is performed using interval velocity data, and the velocity model is iteratively updated using time-preserving tomography based on depth mis-ties between seismic horizons and well markers until convergence is achieved. The resulting depth-structure map provides improved consistency with well control and reveals subtle structural features that were not observed in the individual 2D datasets. The proposed approach demonstrates that pseudo-3D reconstruction from multi-vintage 2D seismic data can serve as a practical and cost-efficient alternative for early-stage exploration and pre-survey evaluation, especially in offshore areas where 3D seismic acquisition is economically constrained.

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