Structures, Infrastructure, Planning, Implementation, and Legislation
The Journal Structures, Infrastructure, Planning, Implementation, and Legislation (SIPIL) is a scientific journal that focuses on the development of science and technology in the field of civil engineering, especially those related to structures, infrastructure, planning, implementation, and legislative aspects. This journal is an important medium to support the exchange of knowledge and innovation that can drive the progress of sustainable development. SIPIL is an open access journal published by CV. Get Press Indonesia, providing a forum for academics, researchers, and practitioners to share and disseminate innovative research results in the field of civil engineering. Manuscript submissions can be made at any time throughout the year, with a fast notification process for manuscript status, namely within one week after submission. Our editorial team is committed to running an efficient, transparent, and constructive review process, thus ensuring high quality publications. In addition, SIPIL encourages cross-disciplinary collaboration and the application of research results that can make a real contribution to the development of civil engineering science and sustainable infrastructure development in Indonesia and globally. We invite you to consider SIPIL Journal as a place to share new research, models, and best practices that advance the fields of structures, infrastructure, planning, implementation, and legislative aspects. Please contact us for any inquiries at gpijournal@gmail.com for a faster response. Click here for online submission, and article template. All submitted manuscripts must comply with SIPIL policies as outlined in the statement of publication ethics and malpractice based on COPE Best Practice Guidelines, the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), and the Open Access Scholarly Publishing Association (OASPA) for transparency principles and best practices for scholarly publication.
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<![CDATA[Spatial Modeling of Coastal Flood Vulnerability Driven by Land Subsidence and Sea Level Rise Based on Altimetry and Geospatial Data ]]>
<![CDATA[Wahyu Hidayat]]>
<![CDATA[ Structures, Infrastructure, Planning, Implementation, and Legislation Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): April,2026 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[CV. Get Press Indonesia ]]>
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DOI: 10.69855/sipil.v2i1.480
<![CDATA[Coastal regions in Indonesia are currently facing unprecedented risks from the convergence of global climatic shifts and localized geological instability. This study investigates the intensifying vulnerability of the Jakarta-Bekasi coastal corridor, highlighting it as a critical zone within the broader context of regional climate adaptation. The objective is to evaluate the synergistic impact of eustatic sea-level rise and aggressive land subsidence on permanent inundation projections through 2030. Utilizing a quantitative geospatial design, the research integrates satellite altimetry from the Sentinel-6 mission with terrestrial geodetic data from 12 Continuous Operating Reference Stations (CORS) across a 12,500-hectare study area. Key variables include vertical land motion rates and sea surface height anomalies, processed through high-resolution Digital Elevation Models (DEMNAS). Results indicate that localized land subsidence, peaking at 11.2 cm per year, is the primary driver of flood risk, rendering Relative Sea Level Rise () significantly more destructive than global eustatic averages. Statistical analysis confirms that subsidence accounts for 82% of the variance in coastal inundation expansion, with critical hotspots in the Penjaringan and Muara Gembong sectors. These findings imply that current coastal defense structures are nearing functional failure due to the rapid erosion of operational freeboards. Consequently, the study concludes that regional resilience necessitates a shift from static engineering to adaptive water management and the implementation of Nature-based Solutions. Future research should prioritize AI-driven predictive modeling and volumetric building load analysis to enhance long-term mitigation strategies.]]>
<![CDATA[Resilience Analysis of Jatiluhur and Sutami Dam Storage Capacity Against Climate Change in Java ]]>
<![CDATA[Ahmad Hidayawan]]>
<![CDATA[ Structures, Infrastructure, Planning, Implementation, and Legislation Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): April,2026 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[CV. Get Press Indonesia ]]>
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DOI: 10.69855/sipil.v2i1.527
<![CDATA[The structural integrity of Indonesia's aging dam infrastructure faces unprecedented stress due to accelerating climatic volatility. This research investigates the widening gap between original hydraulic design parameters and contemporary extreme weather patterns observed during the 2020–2025 period. Utilizing a quantitative longitudinal design, this study evaluates six strategic dams including Jatiluhur, Sutami, and Gajah Mungkur by integrating secondary datasets from BMKG, BPS, and the Ministry of PUPR. The analysis focuses on the impact of a 22.4% increase in extreme rainfall frequency and a 14.2% reduction in upstream forest cover on reservoir resilience. Results indicate a critical 17.21% mean escalation in peak inflow magnitudes (), effectively eroding the national dam Resilience Index to a precarious average of 0.83. Furthermore, sedimentation rates have surged to 1.45 times design projections, causing a 0.75-meter reduction in freeboard safety margins. These findings suggest that legacy "stationarity" principles are functionally obsolete, posing severe threats to national water and energy security. The study concludes that an immediate transition toward dynamic resilience management is required. It is recommended that policymakers prioritize spillway capacity retrofitting and implement real-time Digital Twin telemetry for predictive flood attenuation. Future research should explore multi-hazard interactions, specifically the effects of seismic activity on saturated dam cores during extreme pluvial events.]]>
<![CDATA[Slope Stability Analysis of Main Irrigation Canals Due to Rapid Drawdown Fluctuations Using Numerical Modeling ]]>
<![CDATA[Bagas Wahyu Adhi]]>;
<![CDATA[Emyr Hidayat]]>
<![CDATA[ Structures, Infrastructure, Planning, Implementation, and Legislation Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): April,2026 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[CV. Get Press Indonesia ]]>
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DOI: 10.69855/sipil.v2i1.499
<![CDATA[Rapid drawdown conditions frequently threaten the stability of irrigation canal embankments, especially in cohesive alluvial soils with low hydraulic conductivity. This study investigated the effect of water level recession rates on embankment stability and identified safe operational drawdown limits for irrigation infrastructure. A quantitative numerical modeling approach based on the Finite Element Method (FEM) and transient seepage analysis was applied using secondary geotechnical data obtained from the Ministry of Public Works and Housing (PUPR), Indonesia. The model integrated coupled seepage-stability analysis with the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion to evaluate pore water pressure behavior, deformation, and Factor of Safety (FoS) under drawdown rates ranging from 0.0 to 2.0 m/day. The results showed that delayed pore water pressure dissipation during rapid drawdown significantly reduced effective stress within the embankment. Higher drawdown rates progressively decreased slope stability, where the FoS declined from 1.68 under normal conditions to 1.05 at a drawdown rate of 2.0 m/day. The simulation also identified lateral deformation of approximately 0.18 m near the embankment crest under critical conditions. Statistical analysis indicated that soils with hydraulic conductivity lower than 1 × 10⁻⁷ m/s were highly vulnerable to rapid drawdown failure. The findings demonstrate that drawdown rates exceeding 1.0 m/day do not satisfy the minimum safety criterion of 1.25 required by Indonesian irrigation standards. Therefore, a maximum operational drawdown rate of 0.75 m/day is recommended to maintain embankment stability. This study emphasizes the importance of incorporating transient hydraulic behavior into irrigation canal management and supports future implementation of IoT-based pore pressure monitoring systems for adaptive infrastructure safety.]]>
<![CDATA[Effect of Reservoir Water Level Fluctuation on Stability of Earth-Fill Dam Slopes Using Coupled Seepage Stress Finite Element Modeling: A Case Study of Indonesian Volcanic Clay Dams ]]>
<![CDATA[Komang Arya Utama]]>;
<![CDATA[Widi Harwinsyah]]>;
<![CDATA[Heru Tri Saksena]]>
<![CDATA[ Structures, Infrastructure, Planning, Implementation, and Legislation Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): April,2026 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[CV. Get Press Indonesia ]]>
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DOI: 10.69855/sipil.v2i1.501
<![CDATA[The structural integrity of earth-fill dams in Indonesia is increasingly challenged by reservoir water level fluctuations, particularly rapid drawdown triggered by irrigation demands and flood control. This study investigates the impact of water level changes on slope stability using coupled seepage–stress numerical modeling. The analysis was conducted on two representative dams within the Brantas and Citarum River Basin systems, characterized by high-plasticity clay cores, using secondary data from Ditjen SDA, PATGTL, and BMKG (2022–2024). Numerical simulations were performed using PLAXIS 2D. Results show that a drawdown rate of 0.5 m/day produces an 88% lag in pore water pressure dissipation, reducing the Factor of Safety (FoS) to 1.185, below the SNI 8064:2014 threshold. These findings highlight that transient hydro-mechanical effects significantly increase failure risk and are not captured by conventional methods. The study recommends limiting reservoir drawdown to a maximum of 0.4 m/day to maintain slope stability. Integration of real-time pore pressure monitoring into early warning systems is essential for improving dam safety management.]]>
<![CDATA[Effectiveness Analysis of Polder Drainage Systems in Reducing Urban Flood Risk: 1D/2D Hydrodynamic Simulation Based on LiDAR Topographic Data ]]>
<![CDATA[Azizah Rokhmawati]]>;
<![CDATA[Wati Asriningsih Pranoto]]>;
<![CDATA[Heru Tri Saksena]]>
<![CDATA[ Structures, Infrastructure, Planning, Implementation, and Legislation Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): April,2026 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[CV. Get Press Indonesia ]]>
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DOI: 10.69855/sipil.v2i1.520
<![CDATA[Rapid urbanization in coastal regions experiencing severe land subsidence has significantly heightened urban flood vulnerability, necessitating high-precision polder drainage systems. This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of polder mechanisms in mitigating flood risks while simultaneously assessing the geotechnical integrity of channel embankments during operational phases. Utilizing a quantitative design based on 1D/2D hydrodynamic simulations, this study leverages high-resolution 0.5-meter LiDAR topographic data from the Geospatial Information Agency (BIG), covering a 1,250-hectare catchment area in West Semarang. Official secondary data from the Ministry of Public Works and Housing (PUPR) regarding pump specifications and geotechnical parameters including cohesion and internal friction angles were integrated to simulate 10 to 50-year rainfall return periods and rapid drawdown conditions. The results demonstrate that the polder system curtails the average inundation extent by 73.51%, with high model reliability (). However, geotechnical analysis reveals that excessive water evacuation rates (0.85 m/hour) diminish the Factor of Safety (FS) to a critical level of 1.08, falling below the safety threshold of 1.25. These implications suggest that pump operational policies must be synchronized with soil stability limits to forestall structural failures. This study concludes that the integration of LiDAR data and geotechnical parameters is vital for the sustainability of polder infrastructure. Future research is encouraged to explore automated pumping systems controlled by pore water pressure sensors to optimize both safety and efficiency in urban drainage management.]]>
<![CDATA[Performance Evaluation of Irrigation Networks Based on Sentinel-2 Satellite Imagery and E-PAKSI Data: Vegetation Index Analysis of Water Distribution Efficiency ]]>
<![CDATA[meny sriwati]]>;
<![CDATA[Wahiddin]]>;
<![CDATA[Firman's Bramadhani]]>
<![CDATA[ Structures, Infrastructure, Planning, Implementation, and Legislation Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): April,2026 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[CV. Get Press Indonesia ]]>
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DOI: 10.69855/sipil.v2i1.528
<![CDATA[The pervasive inefficiency of water distribution in surface irrigation networks necessitates a transition toward objective, data-driven performance auditing. This study aims to develop an evidence-based evaluation model that quantifies the direct impact of irrigation infrastructure physical conditions on agricultural productivity. The research evaluates the nexus between infrastructure integrity and biophysical crop performance by integrating the E‑PAKSI digital database with Sentinel‑2 multispectral imagery. Conducted in the Rentang Irrigation Area, West Java, the study utilized a stratified random sampling of 215 tertiary blocks to analyze spatial variability from head to tail reaches. Vegetation health was quantified using NDVI and SAVI indices, which were subsequently correlated with the physical condition scores of regulatory structures. Results indicate a significant positive correlation (; ) between infrastructure quality and peak vegetation indices. Findings reveal that degraded tertiary gates in downstream sectors trigger water losses of up to 41.50% and planting delays of 25 days. These results imply that rehabilitation priorities must shift toward tail‑end regulatory assets to enhance distributional equity. Practically, these findings provide a strategic roadmap for irrigation authorities to prioritize budget allocations for distal gate repairs, which can potentially recover nearly half of current conveyance losses. In conclusion, the integration of satellite‑derived metrics and digital audits provides a robust framework for Irrigation Modernization 4.0, offering a foundation for future predictive maintenance models using artificial intelligence.]]>
<![CDATA[Structural Performance of Reinforced Concrete Buildings Considering Variations in Column Cross-Section Orientation and Reinforcement Ratio ]]>
<![CDATA[Muhammad Syarif]]>;
<![CDATA[Iqbal Faruq]]>
<![CDATA[ Structures, Infrastructure, Planning, Implementation, and Legislation Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): April,2026 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[CV. Get Press Indonesia ]]>
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DOI: 10.69855/sipil.v2i1.529
<![CDATA[The seismic resilience of reinforced concrete (RC) buildings in high-risk earthquake regions is strongly influenced by the configuration of vertical structural elements. This study examines the combined effects of column cross-sectional orientation and longitudinal reinforcement ratios on the seismic performance of a 10-story RC building. Twelve structural models were developed using SAP2000 v24 and analyzed through nonlinear static pushover analysis. The models represented variations in column orientation (strong-axis and weak-axis) and reinforcement ratios ranging from 1% to 8%, based on the seismic characteristics of Padang, West Sumatra. Structural responses were evaluated using base shear capacity, displacement ductility, and interstory drift ratios, with validation conducted using the PEER Structural Performance Database. The findings indicate that column orientation has a greater impact on lateral stiffness and drift control than reinforcement quantity. Columns aligned along the strong axis with moderate reinforcement ratios between 2.5% and 3.5% demonstrated the best balance between strength and ductility, meeting the “Life Safety” performance requirements of SNI 1726:2019. In contrast, weak-axis columns with reinforcement ratios exceeding 4% showed limited improvement in stiffness and a higher tendency toward brittle shear failure. These results suggest that optimizing geometric configuration is more effective and economical than simply increasing reinforcement volume for improving seismic safety. The study concludes that strategic column axis alignment is a practical mitigation approach for earthquake-prone areas, while future studies should consider bi-directional dynamic loading for enhanced performance-based design evaluation.]]>
<![CDATA[Performance Evaluation of High-Strength Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) with Nickel Slag as Partial Fine Aggregate Replacement ]]>
<![CDATA[Muhammad Syarif]]>;
<![CDATA[James Thoengsal]]>;
<![CDATA[Randy Setiawan]]>;
<![CDATA[Shadiqa Pratama Zulfariadi]]>
<![CDATA[ Structures, Infrastructure, Planning, Implementation, and Legislation Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): April,2026 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[CV. Get Press Indonesia ]]>
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DOI: 10.69855/sipil.v2i1.531
<![CDATA[The escalating demand for high-performance construction materials has intensified the search for sustainable alternatives to natural aggregates, particularly in the production of High-Strength Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC). This study evaluates the integration of nickel slag from Morowali, Central Sulawesi, as a partial replacement for fine aggregates to address the environmental degradation caused by river sand mining. Utilizing a quantitative experimental design, 48 cylindrical specimens were tested across various substitution levels (0%, 20%, 40%, and 60%) with a consistent water-to-binder ratio of 0.28 and a target characteristic strength of 60 MPa. Rheological parameters were assessed through slump-flow and L-box blocking ratio ( ) tests, while mechanical performance was measured via compressive strength at 7, 14, and 28 days. Results indicate that a 40% substitution threshold represents the optimum balance, yielding a superior characteristic strength of 69.73 MPa a 16.6% enhancement over the control. Rheologically, nickel slag improved fluidity up to 710 mm, although replacements exceeding 40% triggered dynamic instability and segregation, evidenced by an ratio decline to 0.78. These findings imply that nickel slag is a technically viable reinforcing filler for strategic infrastructure, provided that substitution levels are strictly calibrated. The study concludes that while nickel slag significantly densifies the concrete matrix, industrial adoption requires further standardization of long-term durability metrics. Future research should prioritize the evaluation of creep and chloride resistance in marine environments to ensure structural longevity.]]>
<![CDATA[Correlation Between Land-Use Change and Runoff Coefficients in Priority Watersheds: Analysis of BPS Statistical Data and Landsat Imagery (2014-2024) ]]>
<![CDATA[Putu Doddy Heka Ardana]]>;
<![CDATA[Wati Asriningsih Pranoto]]>;
<![CDATA[Andre Kusuma Putra]]>
<![CDATA[ Structures, Infrastructure, Planning, Implementation, and Legislation Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): April,2026 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[CV. Get Press Indonesia ]]>
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DOI: 10.69855/sipil.v2i1.550
<![CDATA[Rapid urbanization within priority watersheds has triggered severe hydrological imbalances, necessitating a data-driven evaluation of land-use transformation. This study investigates the correlation between built-up area expansion and runoff coefficients () within the Upper Citarum Watershed, Indonesia, between 2014 and 2024. Utilizing a longitudinal quantitative design, the research integrates secondary statistical data from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) with multi-temporal Landsat 8-9 OLI/TIRS satellite imagery. Spanning approximately 177,115 hectares, the analysis focuses on sub-watersheds with settlement growth exceeding 5% annually. Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) classification was executed using the Random Forest algorithm, while weighted runoff coefficients () were calculated through the Rational Method. Results indicate a profound shift in hydrological response, with the value escalating from 0.38 in 2014 to 0.59 by 2024, representing a 55% increase in peak discharge potential. Statistical validation reveals an exceptionally strong positive correlation () between BPS-documented building floor area growth and satellite-derived impervious surface expansion. These findings imply that current spatial planning and Building Permit (IMB) policies are insufficient to mitigate the loss of natural infiltration zones. The study concludes that the watershed has surpassed critical hydrological safety thresholds, necessitating a radical overhaul of Building Coverage Ratio (KDB) regulations and the mandatory adoption of Low Impact Development (LID) infrastructures. Future research should leverage high-resolution real-time sensors and artificial intelligence to enhance the precision of adaptive watershed management strategies.]]>
<![CDATA[Spatial Analysis of Micro-Hydro Power Plant (MHPP) Potential in Existing Irrigation Canals Using GIS and Hydraulic Head Data ]]>
<![CDATA[Rismen Sinambela]]>;
<![CDATA[Firman’s Bramadhani]]>;
<![CDATA[Emyr Hidayat]]>
<![CDATA[ Structures, Infrastructure, Planning, Implementation, and Legislation Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): April,2026 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[CV. Get Press Indonesia ]]>
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DOI: 10.69855/sipil.v2i1.551
<![CDATA[Indonesia’s rural energy crisis encourages the utilization of existing infrastructure, including technical irrigation networks, as renewable energy sources. This study evaluates the hydroelectric potential of irrigation canals by integrating geospatial analysis and secondary hydrological data to identify feasible micro-hydro power generation sites. The research was conducted along the West Tarum Main Canal managed by BBWS Citarum in West Java, covering a 45 km primary canal segment selected through purposive sampling.The methodology employed Geographic Information System (GIS) spatial analysis using National Digital Elevation Model (DEMNAS) data with an 8.25 m resolution and daily discharge records from Automated Water Level Recorders (AWLR) collected during 2020–2025. Key parameters analyzed included gross head (H_g), dependable discharge (Q₈₀), Manning’s roughness coefficient (n), and head loss.The results identified a total hydroelectric potential of 514.29 kW distributed across five priority nodes, with an average hydraulic head of 3.91 m. A strong positive correlation was found between discharge stability and power output efficiency (r = 0.892; p < 0.001). Nevertheless, sedimentation and inorganic waste remain operational challenges affecting system performance.The study concludes that irrigation infrastructure has economically feasible energy potential due to its proximity to rural load centers, averaging 306 m. These findings support community-based electrification and renewable energy development policies in Indonesia.]]>
