Journal of Renewable Energy and Smart Device
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Articles
77 Documents
<![CDATA[Experimental Assessment of Rubber Wood and Waste Oil Supplementation in Coal-Fired Aluminum Melting ]]>
<![CDATA[Anhar Khalid]]>;
<![CDATA[Firda Herlina]]>;
<![CDATA[Irgi Fahrigi Ramadhan]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Renewable Energy and Smart Device Vol. 4 No. 1 August 2026 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[PT. Global Research Collaboration ]]>
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DOI: 10.66314/joresd.v4i1.1238
<![CDATA[This study experimentally compared the thermal response and direct fuel expenditure of coal supplemented with rubber wood biomass and waste oil in a small-scale crucible furnace for aluminum melting. The objective was to evaluate how renewable solid biomass and waste-derived liquid fuel supplementation influenced furnace temperature development, heating rate, melting duration, and direct fuel cost under comparable operating conditions. A fixed aluminum charge and coal input were used throughout the experiments, while rubber wood was added at a constant mass ratio and waste oil was tested at three increasing addition levels. Furnace configuration, airflow, measurement geometry, and operating procedures were maintained consistently across the experiments. Independent repeated runs were conducted for the coal-only and waste-oil conditions, whereas the coal–rubber wood condition was evaluated as a single-run screening comparison. Temperature was recorded at one-minute intervals as temporal observations, and the results were analyzed descriptively without inferential significance testing. Waste-oil supplementation generally resulted in higher sustained furnace temperatures and shorter aluminum-melting times than coal alone. Increasing waste-oil addition was associated with higher final temperatures, with the highest addition level producing the highest mean final temperature and shortest melting duration. The coal–rubber wood condition exhibited a different temperature-development pattern but did not produce the highest early-stage mean heating rate. Direct fuel expenditure increased only modestly across the waste-oil conditions, whereas the coal–rubber wood condition required higher direct fuel expenditure under the tested configuration. Overall, the results provide a comparative screening of solid-biomass and waste-oil supplementation for coal-fired small-scale aluminum melting, highlighting differences in thermal response, melting duration, and direct fuel expenditure. The findings are limited to the tested conditions and do not establish combustion efficiency, thermal efficiency, emissions performance, or overall economic viability.]]>
<![CDATA[An IoT-Based Smart Onboard Weather Station for Maritime Situational Awareness: Calibration, Field Representativeness, and Exploratory Usability Evaluation ]]>
<![CDATA[Santoso Soekirno]]>;
<![CDATA[Martarizal]]>;
<![CDATA[Ahmad Furqon]]>;
<![CDATA[Naufal Ananda]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Renewable Energy and Smart Device Vol. 4 No. 1 August 2026 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[PT. Global Research Collaboration ]]>
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DOI: 10.66314/joresd.v4i1.1263
<![CDATA[Rapidly varying marine weather requires onboard observations that combine measurement quality, spatial context, continuous data delivery, and clear operational interpretation. This study evaluates an Internet of Things (IoT)-based Smart Onboard Weather Station through controlled calibration, moving-vessel field comparison, preliminary data-continuity assessment, and exploratory usability evaluation. The platform is intended to support bridge officers during onboard weather monitoring and shore-based BMKG personnel reviewing vessel observations; the present usability sample represents the latter professional group. The system integrates a Campbell Scientific ClimaVUE sensor, CR1000X datalogger, GPS receiver, digital compass, camera, LTE/4G communication, time-series storage, and a web dashboard. Calibration across three to five set points produced near-linear responses for air temperature (R² = 0.999), relative humidity (R² = 0.995), atmospheric pressure (R² = 0.990), wind speed (R² = 0.999), and wind direction (R² = 0.990), together with parameter-specific correction and dispersion information. A seven-day deployment on the Merak–Bakauheni route from 21 to 27 December 2025 showed the strongest spatial coherence for atmospheric pressure and useful temporal agreement for air temperature, while wind speed produced the largest vessel-to-coastal differences. Data completeness reached 96.75%, representing preliminary operational data continuity under the tested conditions. The archived distance-summary dataset preserves interval-level statistics, while paired-observation counts fall outside the retained metadata and are carried as a reporting limitation. An exploratory SUS assessment with nine meteorological professionals produced a mean score of 81.39. The next readiness step is a controlled crewed pilot on a second vessel, with wind processing and bridge-user evaluation as the primary operational gates.]]>
<![CDATA[Optimization of Friction Stir Welding Parameters for Improving the Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Alloy Joints ]]>
<![CDATA[Pompy Pratisna]]>;
<![CDATA[Ferdy Hendarto Susilo]]>;
<![CDATA[Sutikno Wahyu Hidayat]]>;
<![CDATA[Dedy Aryanto]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Renewable Energy and Smart Device Vol. 4 No. 2 December 2026 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[PT. Global Research Collaboration ]]>
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DOI: 10.66314/joresd.v4i2.1567
<![CDATA[Friction stir welding (FSW) performance depends on the interaction among processing parameters rather than individual operating conditions. This study examined the effects of rotational speed (800, 1000, and 1200 rpm), travel speed (40, 60, and 80 mm/min), and axial force (4, 6, and 8 kN) on the mechanical properties of 6-mm AA6061-T6 butt joints. A 3 × 3 × 3 full factorial design with three reported replicates per condition yielded 81 mechanical-test observations, covering ultimate tensile strength (UTS), yield strength, elongation, and hardness. Factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA) and coded quadratic regression were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 31. All three parameters showed significant main effects across the four mechanical responses (p < .001), while the Rotation × Travel interaction was significant for each response. Rotational speed exhibited the largest partial effect size for UTS (partial η² = .807). The quadratic regression models explained 72.1%–84.6% of the response variance and identified 1200 rpm, 80 mm/min, and 8 kN as the highest-predicted UTS setting among the 27 evaluated combinations, with a predicted UTS of 280.39 MPa and a calculated joint efficiency of 90.45%. These findings demonstrate the importance of considering parameter interactions when selecting FSW operating conditions, while limiting the model-based recommendation to the investigated material, tool configuration, and experimental range.]]>
<![CDATA[Smart Motorcycle Security System Based on IoT for Tracking and Remote Engine Cut-Off ]]>
<![CDATA[Ni Putu Devira Ayu Martini]]>;
<![CDATA[Ahmad Sarifpudin]]>;
<![CDATA[Luh Krisnawati]]>;
<![CDATA[Subekti Ari Santoso]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Renewable Energy and Smart Device Vol. 4 No. 2 December 2026 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[PT. Global Research Collaboration ]]>
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DOI: 10.66314/joresd.v4i2.723
<![CDATA[Motorcycle theft remains a significant security issue in Indonesia, creating the need for a vehicle security system that supports real-time monitoring, tracking, and remote control. This study develops an Internet of Things (IoT)-based motorcycle security system that combines location tracking, remote engine cut-off, vibration detection, and battery condition monitoring in a single platform. The proposed system uses an ESP32 microcontroller integrated with a Neo-M8N GPS module for location acquisition, a SIM800L GSM module for communication, and Google Firebase for data storage and synchronization. A mobile application developed using MIT App Inventor allows users to monitor vehicle conditions and send remote engine control commands. The GPS evaluation resulted in an average horizontal positioning error of 3.084 m. The communication performance showed an average delay of 3.21 s for GSM transmission and 1100.6 ms for Firebase synchronization. Meanwhile, the remote engine cut-off mechanism achieved an average response time of approximately 4 s, with the maximum delay reaching 6 s due to communication and relay response limitations. The results indicate that the proposed system can provide an integrated approach for motorcycle monitoring and security applications. However, communication latency and relay response time remain important limitations that need to be considered, particularly for safety-related applications.]]>
<![CDATA[Spatially Differentiated NPK Fertilizer Prescription with Crop Level Nitrogen Requirement Using Hybrid Gaussian Mixture Model Fuzzy Sugeno GIS Framework ]]>
<![CDATA[Monika Fahmi]]>;
<![CDATA[Deni Tri Laksono]]>;
<![CDATA[Adi Kurniawan Saputro]]>;
<![CDATA[Yuni Nurfiana]]>;
<![CDATA[Jean d’Amour Rukundo]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Renewable Energy and Smart Device Vol. 4 No. 2 December 2026 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[PT. Global Research Collaboration ]]>
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DOI: 10.66314/joresd.v4i2.1355
<![CDATA[Agricultural productivity can be constrained by fertilizer management that does not account for spatial variability in soil nutrient conditions. This study develops a hybrid Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM)–Fuzzy Sugeno framework to transform probabilistic soil phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) patterns into spatially differentiated point-level fertilizer prescriptions within a Geographic Information System (GIS). Thirty sampling locations were evaluated in each paddy and maize cultivation field in Bangkalan Regency. Soil P and K were measured directly using a portable NPK sensor, whereas nitrogen (N) requirements were determined independently from crop-specific target-yield criteria and cultivation-area measurements. GMM parameters were estimated using the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm, and candidate mixture orders were assessed using maximized log-likelihood, Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), and silhouette coefficients. The EM algorithm converged at iteration 42 for paddy and iteration 9 for maize. Both AIC and BIC selected a three-component model for paddy and maize, although the resulting component separation differed between crops, with silhouette coefficients of 0.16199 and 0.43309, respectively. The selected components were subsequently characterized by their P–K profiles, and posterior responsibilities were used as normalized firing strengths in the Fuzzy Sugeno inference layer. The hybrid framework generated spatially referenced, differentiated point-level prescriptions, with mean SP-36 and KCl rates of 72.334 and 68.432 kg/ha for paddy and 87.485 and 76.637 kg/ha for maize, respectively. The corresponding coefficients of variation were 26.45% and 30.13% for paddy and 16.34% and 33.07% for maize. In contrast, the conventional Fuzzy Sugeno formulation produced uniform SP-36 and KCl rates of 100 kg/ha across the investigated points. The results demonstrate that GMM posterior responsibilities can be propagated into the Sugeno inference layer to retain probabilistic component association and generate spatially differentiated fertilizer prescriptions. However, the study evaluates computational behaviour, probabilistic assignment, and prescription differentiation rather than agronomic effectiveness; the analysis is limited to two fields, one growing season, and 30 sampling locations per crop, without independent validation of yield response, nutrient uptake, fertilizer efficiency, or dose safety. Further multi-season and field-scale agronomic validation is therefore required before the generated prescriptions can be interpreted as validated fertilizer recommendations.]]>
<![CDATA[Design and Performance Evaluation of an Automatic Scissor-Type Rope Cutter for Outboard Motor Propellers ]]>
<![CDATA[Wawan Kusdiana]]>;
<![CDATA[Ardiansyah]]>;
<![CDATA[Sugiharto]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Renewable Energy and Smart Device Vol. 4 No. 1 August 2026 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[PT. Global Research Collaboration ]]>
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DOI: 10.66314/joresd.v4i1.1712
<![CDATA[Rope and fishing-net entanglement can obstruct vessel propulsion and create hazardous manual-removal operations. This applied study designed a shaft-driven scissor-type rope cutter, examined its analytical and finite-element response, and assessed the cutting performance of a CNC-machined prototype on an outboard-motor demonstration rig. A 150 mm rotating assembly was modeled in SolidWorks 2025, and the stopper bolt and blades were examined in ANSYS Workbench 2023 under specified static loads. The analytical transient-torque limit was 152.507 N·m, and the calculated critical stopper-bolt diameter was 3.82 mm. The rotating and fixed blades exhibited XY-plane shear-stress components of 195.59 and 105.11 MPa, respectively; however, their overall maximum shear stresses and equivalent stresses revealed local concentrations that prevent an unconditional structural-safety conclusion. During manual-shaft rotation, 2, 4, and 6 mm nylon ropes were severed in one revolution, whereas 8 and 9 mm ropes required two and three revolutions, respectively. The single manual-rotation tests demonstrated successful rope severance across five nylon-rope diameters. However, these observations do not establish cutting repeatability, structural reliability, or operational effectiveness under powered shaft rotation. Further work is needed to evaluate material-specific strength, blade-root geometry, bolt failure, and dynamically driven cutting conditions.]]>
<![CDATA[Design and Functional Evaluation of a Dual-Mode Retrofit for Conventional Forklift Automation in Naval Warehousing ]]>
<![CDATA[Aris Tri Ika Rakhmadi]]>;
<![CDATA[Ayip Rivai Prabowo]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Renewable Energy and Smart Device Vol. 4 No. 1 August 2026 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[PT. Global Research Collaboration ]]>
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DOI: 10.66314/joresd.v4i1.1715
<![CDATA[Conventional forklifts remain essential in facilities where replacing existing vehicles with purpose-built autonomous platforms is difficult. This study designed and functionally assessed a dual-mode retrofit for a conventional forklift with a stated lifting capacity of 3,500 kg, integrating wireless remote control and a camera-based line-detection interface for a predefined marked route. An engineering-development approach integrated steering-axle modification, electronically actuated braking, relay-based transmission selection, servo-assisted hydraulic control, dual microcontrollers, and Raspberry Pi image processing with OpenCV. Steering, braking, rotary-encoder, and hydraulic functions were each reported to operate normally during a 60-minute functional check, and seven remote-control commands produced satisfactory responses. The first-person-view (FPV) subsystem drew a reported 2.8–5.7 W across four transmitter settings, and a video image was received at each tested distance from 10 to 100 m. These results support preliminary electronic and mechanical integration, rather than validated autonomy or safe operation under rated load. Path-completion accuracy, loaded braking, obstacle response, operating throughput, and long-term reliability were not measured; the retrofit therefore requires further instrumented and controlled testing before operational benefits or safety can be established.]]>
