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Academia Open
Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo
ISSN : -     EISSN : 27147444     DOI : 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.12985
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Academia Open is published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo published 2 (two) issues per year (June and December). This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. This journal aims is to provide a place for academics and practitioners to publish original research and review articles. The articles basically contains any topics research or review. Academia Open is available in online version. Language used in this journal is Indonesia or English.
Arjuna Subject : Profesi Kesehatan - Profesi Kesehatan (Lain-Lain)
Articles 2,389 Documents
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An Analysis of Unilateral Termination of Employment by Employers under Indonesia’s Manpower Law: Analisis Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja Secara Sepihak oleh Pengusaha Menurut Undang-Undang Ketenagakerjaan di Indonesia Syahrana Kezia Anjunien Gunawan; Gunardi Lie
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.12931

Abstract

General Background: Unilateral termination of employment (PHK sepihak) remains a persistent issue in Indonesia’s industrial relations, affecting workers’ economic and social stability. Specific Background: Despite the comprehensive regulation under Law No. 13/2003 on Manpower, gaps persist between legal norms and actual practices, particularly regarding procedural compliance and workers’ access to remedies. Knowledge Gap: Limited studies thoroughly examine how statutory provisions, post-MK decisions, and dispute-resolution mechanisms interact to shape the legality and consequences of unilateral termination. Aim: This study analyzes the legal framework governing unilateral termination, its legal consequences, and the protective mechanisms available to workers. Results: Findings show that unilateral termination is only lawful under conditions strictly regulated in the Manpower Law, including proven gross misconduct, corporate restructuring, or operational necessities, and must be accompanied by mandatory procedures such as negotiation and adjudication. Employers are obligated to provide severance, service appreciation pay, and compensation for rights, with variations depending on the grounds for termination. Novelty: This research integrates statutory analysis, judicial developments, and procedural safeguards to reveal persistent inconsistencies between legal standards and practical enforcement. Implications: Strengthening supervision, legal literacy, and procedural compliance is crucial to preventing arbitrary terminations and ensuring substantive worker protection. Highlights: The law strictly limits when employers may carry out unilateral termination. Workers are entitled to severance and other compensations based on legal provisions. Dispute-resolution mechanisms provide formal protection against arbitrary termination. Keywords: Unilateral Termination, Manpower Law, Worker Protection, Severance Rights, Industrial Relations
Sensitive Food Pesticide Analysis Using Silver Nanostructured Raman Substrates Ahmed Filayih Hassan
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.12933

Abstract

General Background: Pesticide residues in food remain a global safety concern, requiring analytical methods that are both rapid and highly sensitive. Specific Background: Conventional chromatographic techniques provide accurate detection but are limited by high cost, long processing times, and complex sample preparation, restricting routine monitoring. Knowledge Gap: Despite growing interest in Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS), challenges persist regarding substrate reproducibility, sensitivity across diverse food matrices, and validation against regulatory standards. Aims: This study aimed to develop, optimize, and validate nanostructured silver SERS substrates for the sensitive detection of organophosphorus and organochlorine pesticides in food. Results: The fabricated substrates achieved enhancement factors above 10⁸, detection limits as low as 0.05–0.1 ng/mL, strong linearity, high reproducibility, and accurate recovery across apple juice, tomato extract, and rice samples. Analytical performance showed strong agreement with GC-MS while reducing total analysis time to under 15 minutes. Novelty: The work integrates controlled nanoparticle aggregation with optimized sample-matrix handling, yielding highly reproducible, stable, and field-ready SERS substrates. Implications: The findings demonstrate a practical and cost-effective platform for high-throughput pesticide monitoring, with potential for portable on-site food safety assessment and future expansion to broader contaminant classes.Highlight : Silver-based SERS substrates provide very high-sensitivity pesticide detection. The method offers much faster analysis than conventional techniques. It works effectively across multiple food matrices. Keywords : SERS, silver nanoparticles, pesticide detection, food safety, surface enhancement, Raman spectroscopy
Laboratory Assessment Revealing Nutritional Disorders Among Children in Uzbekistan N. A. Ergasheva
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.12934

Abstract

General Background: Childhood nutritional disorders pose major global health risks, affecting growth, immunity, and long-term metabolic outcomes. Specific Background: In Uzbekistan, a dual burden of micronutrient deficiencies and rising overweight rates persists, yet no standardized national protocol exists for laboratory-based assessment. Knowledge Gap: Existing monitoring systems lack unified biochemical, anthropometric, and dietary evaluation methods, limiting early detection and regional comparability. Aims: This study aims to develop and validate a comprehensive laboratory protocol for assessing the nutritional status of children aged 2–12 years to support early prevention of alimentary disorders. Results: Analysis of 500 children across Uzbekistan showed high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (46 percent), iron deficiency indicated by low ferritin levels (32 percent), and early overweight or obesity (14 percent). Significant correlations were identified between micronutrient biomarkers, BMI, waist circumference, dietary patterns, and sunlight exposure, confirming the multifactorial nature of nutritional imbalance. Novelty: The study introduces the first unified framework integrating biochemical, anthropometric, and dietary indicators tailored to Uzbekistan’s pediatric population. Implications: Adoption of this standardized protocol can strengthen national monitoring, improve early diagnosis of hidden deficiencies, guide evidence-based interventions, and support long-term strategies to reduce alimentary and metabolic disorders among Uzbek children.Highlight : The content highlights the significant dual burden of micronutrient deficiencies and early obesity among children in Uzbekistan. It emphasizes the importance of integrating biochemical, anthropometric, and dietary data for accurate early detection. The study supports establishing a standardized laboratory protocol to improve preventive care and national monitoring. Keywords : Nutritional status of children, micronutrient deficiencies, vitamin D deficiency, iron deficiency anemia, childhood obesity
Legal Review of Land Acquisition from Indigenous Peoples in the Nusantara Capital City (IKN) Project: Tinjauan Hukum Terhadap Pengadaan Tanah Masyarakat Adat Dalam Proyek Ibu Kota Nusantara (IKN) Elrika Elrika; Benny Djaja
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.12935

Abstract

General Background: The development of the new capital city, Ibu Kota Nusantara (IKN), as a National Strategic Project requires large-scale land acquisition, including areas traditionally occupied by Indigenous communities. Specific Background: Although legal frameworks such as the Basic Agrarian Law, the IKN Law, and Presidential Regulation No. 65/2022 formally acknowledge Indigenous land rights, their implementation remains inconsistent. Knowledge Gap: There is still no clear mechanism for verifying customary (ulayat) rights, determining culturally appropriate compensation, or ensuring meaningful participation of Indigenous communities in land acquisition processes. Aims: This study aims to examine the effectiveness of the existing legal framework governing land acquisition for IKN and assess the extent of protection afforded to Indigenous peoples. Results: The findings show that despite normative recognition of Indigenous rights, practical implementation faces barriers, including unclear procedures, limited community involvement, and compensation that fails to reflect the social, cultural, and spiritual value of customary land. Novelty: This research highlights the urgent need for specific legal instruments regulating the recognition and protection of ulayat rights within national strategic projects—an aspect largely absent in current regulations. Implications: Strengthening regulations, establishing holistic compensation standards, and ensuring inclusive participation and dispute-resolution mechanisms are essential to achieving a fair and sustainable land acquisition process for Indigenous communities affected by the IKN project. Highlights: The legal framework recognizes Indigenous land rights, but implementation remains inconsistent. Customary land holds cultural and spiritual value that is not reflected in current compensation models. Strengthened regulations and inclusive participation are essential for fair land acquisition in IKN. Keywords: Land Acquisition, Indigenous Peoples, Customary Rights, Ibu Kota Nusantara, Legal Protection
Legal Certainty in The Fulfillment of Creditors’ Rights in Debt Disputes Concluding in Bankruptcy: Kepastian Pemenuhan Hak Kreditor dalam Sengketa Hutang Piutang yang Berakhir dengan Kepailitan Fidda Nazli Azzahra; Andriyanto Adhi Nugroho
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.12936

Abstract

General Background: Rapid growth in business activities in Indonesia has intensified debt–credit relations, increasing the frequency of disputes that culminate in bankruptcy proceedings. Specific Background: Although Law No. 37 of 2004 on Bankruptcy and Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations (PKPU) provides procedural safeguards, practical implementation often raises concerns regarding creditor protection, as illustrated by Case No. 33/Pdt.Sus-PKPU/2020/PN Niaga Jakarta Pusat and subsequent Supreme Court decisions. Knowledge Gap: Prior studies have insufficiently examined how normative bankruptcy mechanisms operate in practice to protect creditors amid disparities among creditor classes. Aims: This study aims to analyze the forms of legal protection afforded to creditors and identify obstacles faced in realizing their rights within bankruptcy proceedings. Results: The findings show that creditor protection is formally structured through PKPU procedures, claim verification, creditor meetings, voting, homologation, and curator supervision; however, effectiveness is undermined by unequal bargaining positions, debtor non-compliance with peace agreements, and weak oversight. Novelty: This study integrates normative analysis with a detailed case study to reveal gaps between statutory design and judicial practice in creditor protection. Implications: The results suggest the need for regulatory refinement, stronger judicial supervision, and improved professional standards to ensure a fair, transparent, and effective bankruptcy system that genuinely safeguards creditors’ rights. Highlights: Normative Framework vs. Practice: Formal bankruptcy procedures exist, yet their implementation often fails to ensure equal and effective creditor protection. Creditor Inequality: Differences between secured and unsecured creditors create structural imbalances in the fulfillment of claims. Enforcement Challenges: Debtor non-compliance and weak supervision reduce the effectiveness of peace agreements and legal remedies. Keywords: Bankruptcy, Creditor Protection, PKPU, Legal Certainty, Commercial Court
Legal Analysis of Collusion in Government Goods/Services Procurement Tenders From the Perspective of Good Governance Principles in Support of Sustainable Development (Case Study No 17/Kppu-L/2022): Analisis Hukum tentang Kolusi dalam Tender Pengadaan Barang/Jasa Pemerintah dari Perspektif Prinsip Tata Kelola yang Baik untuk Mendukung Pembangunan Berkelanjutan (Studi Kasus No. 17/Kppu-L/2022) Niken Dwi Amanda; Andriyanto Adhi Nugroho
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.12937

Abstract

General background: Public procurement plays a strategic role in realizing good governance and sustainable development, yet it remains vulnerable to collusion that undermines transparency, accountability, efficiency, and fair competition. Specific background: In Indonesia, bid rigging in government procurement continues to dominate competition law violations, as reflected in KPPU Decision No. 17/KPPU-L/2022 concerning the Taman Ismail Marzuki revitalization project. Knowledge gap: Previous studies have largely discussed tender collusion normatively, but have not sufficiently integrated good governance principles with concrete enforcement mechanisms in the context of sustainable development. Aims: This study aims to analyze the legal implications of tender collusion from a good governance perspective and to identify effective supervisory mechanisms to prevent its recurrence. Results: Using a normative juridical approach with statute and case analyses, the study finds that the collusion systematically violated transparency through unjustified tender cancellation, accountability through the absence of administrative responsibility, and efficiency and fair competition through directed re-tendering. Novelty: This research explicitly links tender collusion, good governance principles, and sustainable development goals within a single analytical framework. Implications: Strengthening integrated oversight by KPPU, optimizing electronic procurement systems, enhancing public participation, and enforcing competition law consistently are essential to ensuring integrity-based procurement and supporting sustainable national development. Highlights: Tender collusion systematically violates transparency, accountability, and fair competition in government procurement. Weak oversight mechanisms enable bid rigging, resulting in inefficiency and potential losses to public finances. Integrated supervision, digital procurement systems, and strong law enforcement are crucial to support sustainable development. Keywords: Public Procurement, Tender Collusion, Good Governance, Competition Law, Sustainable Development
Super Learning Model and Cognitive Achievement Among First Grade Intermediate Students Adnan Mayouf Ali
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.12938

Abstract

General Background: History education is increasingly expected to move beyond memorization by promoting analytical thinking and meaningful engagement with historical contexts. Specific Background: The FATA Super Learning Model, which integrates focusing, activity-based exploration, guided training, and applied learning, has been suggested as an approach that can strengthen students’ cognitive and analytical skills, yet empirical evidence in early secondary history education is still limited. Knowledge Gap: Research examining teachers’ perceptions of the model’s effectiveness and its direct influence on cognitive achievement among middle-school students remains scarce. Aims: This study analyzes the effectiveness of the FATA model in enhancing cognitive achievement, historical reasoning, and classroom interaction among first-grade intermediate students in Iraq. Results: Responses from 50 history teachers show strong agreement that the model deepens understanding, increases motivation, improves critical analysis, strengthens the ability to link past and present, and enhances active participation, although challenges such as limited training, resource constraints, and insufficient institutional support were noted. Novelty: The study offers one of the earliest systematic evaluations of the FATA model within Iraqi middle-school settings, combining quantitative and qualitative data from practitioners. Implications: The findings underline the importance of structured training, curriculum alignment, and stronger institutional support to ensure effective and sustainable implementation of the model in history classrooms.Highlight : Highlights the model’s role in strengthening students’ deep understanding of historical events. Emphasizes improved motivation and active engagement during history learning. Underscores the model’s contribution to linking past events with present-day contexts. Keywords : Super Learning, FATA Model, Teaching History, Cognitive Achievement, Critical Thinking
Physics-Informed Neural Networks for Solving Maxwell’s Equations in Electromagnetic Wave Propagation Maryam Nihad Salem; Nebras Jalel Ibrahim; Walaa Badr Khudhair; Hassan Al-Mahdawi; Zainab Hassan Mohammed; Zainab khazal Shamel; Alaulddin Mueen Latfa
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.12939

Abstract

General background: Electromagnetic wave modeling is essential for modern communication systems, yet classical numerical solvers such as FDTD, FEM, and MoM often face high computational cost and meshing limitations. Specific background: Recent advances in physics-informed machine learning offer new approaches to solving Maxwell’s equations through continuous, mesh-free models. Knowledge gap: Despite growing interest, the performance, accuracy, and scalability of Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) for full-wave electromagnetic propagation remain insufficiently validated against established numerical solvers. Aims: This study develops a PINN framework that embeds Maxwell’s PDEs, initial conditions, and boundary constraints directly into a unified loss function to model one-dimensional wave propagation. Results: The proposed PINN achieves <1% relative error compared with an FDTD reference, demonstrates stable convergence, accurately reproduces wave propagation and reflections, and performs 100× faster during inference while using 40% less memory. Novelty: The model provides a continuous, differentiable electromagnetic field representation without discretization, enabling physically consistent predictions and fast generalization to different boundaries or materials. Implications: These results highlight PINNs as a promising mesh-free alternative for real-time electromagnetic analysis, with scalability toward higher-dimensional waveguides, antennas, and inverse design applications.Highlight : PINNs incorporate Maxwell’s PDE residuals directly into training to ensure physically consistent electromagnetic field predictions. The model achieves accuracy comparable to classical solvers while reducing computational load and avoiding mesh constraints. Results demonstrate reliable wave propagation, reflection behavior, and high numerical stability within the simulated domain. Keywords : Physics-informed neural networks, Maxwell’s equations, electromagnetic propagation, wave modeling, mesh-free computation
A Legal Analysis of the Extension of the Mandatory Retirement Age for Notaries Following Constitutional Court Decision No. 84/PUU-XXII/2024: Analisis Hukum Perpanjangan Usia Pensiun Wajib bagi Notaris Pasca Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 84/PUU-XXII/2024 Rachael Shellofariq Darmawan; Denise Elysia Louise
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.12941

Abstract

General Background: The regulation of notaries’ retirement age in Indonesia has long been debated for its incompatibility with contemporary professional dynamics and increased life expectancy. Specific Background: Constitutional Court Decision No. 84/PUU-XXII/2024 redefines eligibility for notarial tenure by shifting emphasis from age-based to competency-based assessment. Knowledge Gap: However, the legal implications of this paradigm shift and its impact on professional governance remain insufficiently examined. Aims: This study analyzes the relevance and juridical consequences of the Court’s decision for reformulating Indonesia’s maximum notarial retirement age. Results: Using a normative juridical approach, the findings show that the decision provides a constitutional foundation for extending tenure based on competence, health, and integrity while urging clearer and more objective implementing regulations to reduce legal uncertainty and administrative discrimination. Novelty: The study demonstrates that extending retirement age up to 70 years can strengthen service continuity and the quality of authentic deeds when supported by periodic professional evaluations. Implications: These insights position the Court’s decision as critical momentum for modernizing Indonesia’s notarial system toward more adaptive, equitable, and quality-oriented professional governance. Highlights: The Constitutional Court shifts retirement eligibility from age-based rules to competence-based assessment. Extending the notary retirement age to 70 enhances service continuity and maintains deed quality. Clear, objective implementing regulations are essential to prevent legal uncertainty and discrimination. Keywords: Notary, Retirement Age, Constitutional Court, Professional Competence, Legal Certainty
Legal Protection for Coastal Communities Regarding the Issuance of Land Certificates for Sea Fence Construction Projects: Perlindungan Hukum Masyarakat Pesisir terhadap Terbitnya Sertifikat Tanah Proyek Pembangunan Pagar Laut Muhammad Ardian Fatiha Irawan; Ridha Wahyuni
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.12948

Abstract

General Background Coastal and marine spaces are constitutionally mandated to be managed by the state for the greatest public welfare, particularly to safeguard the livelihoods of coastal communities that depend on marine resources. Specific Background In Northern Tangerang, the issuance of Building Use Rights (SHGB) for sea fence construction projects by private corporations has restricted fishers’ access to the sea and raised fundamental legal and social concerns. Knowledge Gap Existing studies have not sufficiently integrated constitutional principles, agrarian law, marine governance, and empirical community impacts to assess the legality and implications of granting land rights over marine areas. Aims This study aims to examine the legal validity of SHGB issued over coastal waters and to analyze their implications for social justice, sustainable development, and the protection of coastal communities’ rights. Results Using a juridical-empirical approach, the study finds that SHGB over marine areas are legally invalid due to the absence of Marine Spatial Utilization Permits and the incompatibility of seas as objects of land rights, while empirically causing socio-economic and ecological harm. Novelty The research offers an integrated constitutional–agrarian–marine law analysis grounded in field evidence. Implications The findings support revocation of unlawful SHGB, stronger state oversight in marine governance, and enhanced legal protection for coastal communities to ensure equitable and sustainable coastal development. Highlights: Legal validity: SHGB over marine areas contradict agrarian and marine law principles. Social impact: Sea fence construction restricts fishers’ access and undermines livelihoods. State obligation: Constitutional mandates require equitable and sustainable marine governance. Keywords: Coastal Communities, Marine Governance, Land Rights, Social Justice, Sustainable Development

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