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Academia Open
Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo
ISSN : -     EISSN : 27147444     DOI : 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.12985
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Academia Open is published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo published 2 (two) issues per year (June and December). This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. This journal aims is to provide a place for academics and practitioners to publish original research and review articles. The articles basically contains any topics research or review. Academia Open is available in online version. Language used in this journal is Indonesia or English.
Arjuna Subject : Profesi Kesehatan - Profesi Kesehatan (Lain-Lain)
Articles 2,389 Documents
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Harmonization of Standard Insurance Clauses: A Consumer Protection and Fairness Perspective: Harmonisasi Klausula Baku Asuransi: Perspektif Perlindungan Konsumen dan Keadilan Margareta Kristiani Hartono; Gunardi Lie
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.12912

Abstract

General Background: Standardized insurance contracts containing boilerplate clauses dominate the industry due to efficiency demands. Specific Background: However, these clauses create structural inequalities in bargaining power and limit consumers’ ability to understand or negotiate policy terms. Knowledge Gap: Existing regulations, including the Consumer Protection Law, prohibit unfair terms yet remain insufficient to address ambiguities, exoneration clauses, and inconsistencies between legal norms and market practice. Aims: This study analyzes the legal implications of standard insurance clauses, their impact on contractual fairness, and the necessity of harmonized regulation to protect consumers. Results: Findings reveal that unilateral clause drafting perpetuates information asymmetry and facilitates claim denials, while oversight by regulators and dispute-resolution bodies remains fragmented. Novelty: The study proposes a responsive regulatory model that integrates preventive supervision by the Financial Services Authority, normative statutory safeguards, and corrective judicial interpretation—particularly through doctrines such as contra proferentem and reasonable expectations. Implications: Harmonizing essential clauses can balance contractual freedom with substantive fairness, strengthen consumer protection, and enhance transparency and trust in Indonesia’s insurance ecosystem. Highlights: Highlights how boilerplate insurance clauses create structural bargaining power imbalances and legal uncertainty for consumers. Identifies the gap between consumer protection norms and their implementation in regulating standard insurance policy terms. Proposes a responsive regulatory model combining OJK supervision, statutory safeguards, and judicial doctrines such as contra proferentem. Keywords: Boilerplate Clauses, Insurance Contracts, Consumer Protection, Contractual Fairness, Harmonization  
Unilateral Termination of Employment for Employees on the Grounds of Company Efficiency: Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja Secara Sepihak Terhadap Pekerja Dengan Alasan Efisiensi Perusahaan Cendana Suryani; Gunardi Lie
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.12914

Abstract

General Background: Employment termination due to corporate efficiency remains a critical issue within Indonesia’s labor framework, as it directly affects workers’ rights and socio-economic stability. Specific Background: Although statutory provisions such as Law No. 13/2003 and its amendments regulate termination, ambiguity persists, particularly regarding the scope of “efficiency,” allowing broad employer discretion. Knowledge Gap: Existing regulations fail to define efficiency clearly and diverge from Constitutional Court rulings requiring permanent business closure, creating inconsistencies in practice. Aims: This study examines the legal basis for efficiency-based termination and identifies corporate considerations in implementing labor efficiency measures. Results: Findings show that recent regulations, particularly PP 35/2021, expand employer flexibility by permitting efficiency-based termination without permanent shutdown, contradicting constitutional standards while increasing risks of unilateral action. Companies must assess internal-external factors, map affected employees, allocate severance budgets, and prepare comprehensive documentation. Novelty: This research highlights the regulatory dissonance between statutory reforms and constitutional jurisprudence while providing a structured framework for lawful termination practices. Implications: Ensuring compliance with legal principles and safeguarding workers’ rights is essential to prevent misuse of efficiency claims and uphold social justice within industrial relations. Highlights: Highlights the legal inconsistency between labor laws and Constitutional Court decisions on efficiency-based termination. Emphasizes the risk of unilateral layoffs due to the vague definition of “efficiency” and “company loss.” Stresses the need for structured corporate procedures to protect workers’ rights and ensure lawful, transparent PHK. Keywords: Termination of Employment, Company Efficiency, Labor Law, Workers’ Rights, Constitutional Conflict
Waste Analysis in Warehouse Flow through the Lean Warehousing Approach: Analisis Pemborosan pada Aliran Pergudangan melalui Pedekatan Lean Warehousing Annora Fitriasari; Dira Ernawati; Sinta Dewi
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.12918

Abstract

General background: Efficient warehouse flow is essential for sustaining operational performance, yet many industrial warehouses still face substantial inefficiencies arising from non–value-added activities. Specific background: PT. XYZ’s raw material warehouse experiences systematic delays, administrative redundancies, and quality-control bottlenecks, reflected in high waiting time, frequent mismatches in material documentation, and 116 rejected materials in 2024. Knowledge gap: Despite the relevance of Lean Warehousing in reducing waste, limited studies examine its integrated application using VSM, PAM, VALSAT, and Fishbone analysis within cement-industry warehouses. Aims: This study aims to identify dominant sources of waste and develop targeted improvement strategies to streamline warehouse flow. Results: Current State Mapping revealed a total lead time of 422 minutes, with 79.4% of activities categorized as NVA and NNVA. The most critical wastes were waiting (18%), transportation (17%), and motion (16%). Implementing improvements—including digital verification, standardized routing, and process simplification—reduced lead time to 351 minutes, achieving a 16.8% efficiency gain. Novelty: This research integrates multi-tool Lean analysis to produce structured, evidence-based improvements tailored to raw-material warehouse operations. Implications: Findings demonstrate that Lean Warehousing substantially enhances warehouse reliability and can guide broader supply-chain optimization initiatives in similar manufacturing settings. Highlights: Identifies dominant wastes—waiting, transportation, and motion—as primary sources of inefficiency. Demonstrates that integrated Lean tools reduce lead time by 16.8%. Highlights the importance of digitalization to streamline warehouse processes. Keywords: Lean Warehousing, Waste Reduction, Value Stream Mapping, Process Activity Mapping, Warehouse Efficiency
Role of Hyaluronic Acid in Dental Implant Surgery Abdulazeez Muayad Abdulkarem
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.12919

Abstract

General background: Dental implants are the preferred standard for replacing missing teeth, and successful osseointegration is crucial for their long-term function. Specific background: Hyaluronic acid (HA), a naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan in connective and epithelial tissues, has gained attention for its biological roles in wound healing, regeneration, and antimicrobial activity. Knowledge gap: Despite its known physiological properties, the comprehensive role of HA in enhancing osseointegration and post-surgical healing during dental implantation remains underexplored. Aims: This review investigates the role of HA in dental implant surgery, focusing on its biological mechanisms, physicochemical properties, and clinical applications in promoting bone integration and reducing post-operative complications. Results: Evidence shows that HA facilitates osteoblast adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation, enhances wound healing, and reduces bacterial colonization. When used alone or combined with bone grafts and collagen scaffolds, HA accelerates new bone formation and minimizes inflammation. Novelty: The review highlights HA’s multifaceted bioactivity, including viscoelasticity, bacteriostatic, and antioxidant properties, which collectively improve implant outcomes. Implications: HA demonstrates significant potential as an adjunct biomaterial in dental implantology, enhancing both hard and soft tissue regeneration and improving patient recovery and implant success rates.Highlight : Hyaluronic acid supports bone and soft tissue healing around dental implants by enhancing cell migration and attachment. It helps reduce inflammation, infection risk, and post-surgical discomfort during the implantation process. The unique properties of hyaluronic acid make it beneficial for improving osseointegration and overall implant success. Keywords : Hyaluronic acid, Dental implant, Osseointegration, Wound healing, Bone regeneration
The Phenomenon of 'Marriage Is Scary' and the Role of Premarital Guidance in Preparing the Mental and Emotional Health of Prospective Brides and Grooms Mohammad Zecky Najmudin; Ishaq Ishaq; Moh. Lutfi Nurcahyono
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.12921

Abstract

General Background: Contemporary societies are experiencing a growing phenomenon termed “marriage is scary,” reflecting increasing fear and anxiety toward marriage, particularly among Generation Z, amid rapid social, cultural, and economic change. Specific Background: In Indonesia, declining marriage rates and pervasive negative narratives from social media, past familial trauma, and economic uncertainty have reshaped perceptions of marriage from a sacred commitment into a source of psychological burden. Knowledge Gap: Despite mandatory premarital counseling policies, limited empirical analysis has examined whether existing counseling models adequately address the deep mental and emotional anxieties underlying this phenomenon. Aims: This study aims to analyze the roots of the “marriage is scary” phenomenon and evaluate the role of premarital guidance in strengthening the mental and emotional readiness of prospective brides and grooms. Results: Findings indicate that fear of marriage is multidimensional—spiritual, psychosocial, and economic—and that premarital counseling positively enhances emotional maturity, communication skills, and confidence, though its short duration constrains impact. Novelty: The study integrates fiqh perspectives with psychosocial theory to conceptualize marriage anxiety as both a spiritual and psychological issue. Implications: Strengthening premarital counseling through comprehensive, context-sensitive, and psychosocially informed approaches is essential for fostering resilient families and mitigating marriage-related anxiety. Highlights: Psychosocial Roots of Marriage Fear: The “marriage is scary” phenomenon emerges from social media narratives, past trauma, economic uncertainty, and weakened spiritual orientation. Strategic Role of Premarital Counseling: Premarital guidance contributes to improving emotional maturity, communication skills, and psychological preparedness of prospective couples. Need for Program Enhancement: Counseling effectiveness requires longer duration, contextual materials, and integrated psychosocial–spiritual approaches to address deep-seated anxieties. Keywords: Marriage Anxiety, Premarital Counseling, Mental Readiness, Generation Z, Family Resilience
Preliminary Thermodynamic Analysis of Magnetohydrodynamic Generators in Combined Cycles for Enhanced Energy Efficiency Huda Ali Hussein
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.12922

Abstract

General Background: Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) generators offer direct thermal-to-electric conversion and have long been explored as a method to surpass the efficiency limits of conventional combined cycle systems. Specific Background: Integrating an open-cycle MHD generator as a topping cycle within a gas–steam combined cycle has been proposed to exploit ultra-high combustion temperatures and enhance overall plant efficiency. Knowledge Gap: Despite previous experimental programs, comprehensive thermodynamic evaluations of MHD performance within modern combined cycles—considering updated plasma conductivity models, material improvements, and carbon-capture compatibility—remain limited. Aims: This study analyzes the thermodynamic behavior of an open-cycle MHD generator fueled by coal-derived syngas or natural gas and evaluates its efficiency contribution when integrated into a combined cycle. Results: Quasi-one-dimensional simulations show MHD enthalpy extraction near 22%, subsystem isentropic efficiency of 28%, and overall cycle efficiencies of 56–60%, outperforming conventional CCGT systems by 10–15%. Novelty: The study integrates validated MHD flow modeling with modern combined-cycle configurations, incorporating updated material solutions and non-equilibrium ionization strategies. Implications: Findings highlight MHD-combined cycles as a promising pathway for high-efficiency, low-carbon power generation and provide guidance for future pilot-scale implementation and carbon-capture-ready system design.Highlight : The study emphasizes efficiency gains of 56–60 percent achieved through integrating MHD generators into combined cycles. It highlights how magnetic field strength, high-temperature plasma, and conductivity improvements drive overall performance. The content also identifies key challenges, including electrode erosion and material durability, and discusses proposed technical solutions. Keywords : Magnetohydrodynamic Generator, Combined Cycle, Thermodynamic Efficiency, Plasma Conductivity, Energy Conversion
Serum IL-21 and IFN-γ Levels in Celiac Disease and Their Association with Biochemical Indicators Noor H. Al-Mousawi
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.12923

Abstract

Background : Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder that is mainly specific to the small intestine and is caused by an abnormal T-cell-mediated immune response to dietary gluten which involves mucosal inflammation and villous atrophy. Activation of the systemic immunology has the potential of causing extra-intestinal symptoms. Objective: The levels of serum IL-21 and IFN-g of the celiac disease patients were determined in this study and the levels were compared to the level of biochemical parameters like hemoglobin, ferritin, calcium, and vitamin D3. Methods: A total of 70 clinically proven celiac patients (9-74 years old) were recruited in Wasit hospitals at a time period of March 2024 to April 2025. Venous blood samples were collected using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent test (ELISA), centrifuged and analyzed with regard to the levels of IL-21 and IFN-g. Measurement of biochemical parameters was done using automated analyzers in accordance to the conventional protocols. Results: Celiac patients had much higher serum concentrations of IFN-g and IL-21 in comparison to healthy controls (p < 0.001). All the levels of vitamin D3, calcium, iron, ferritin, and hemoglobin were lowered significantly (p < 0.05). These biological markers were found to have negative relationships with cytokines. Conclusion: In celiac disease, immune activation is manifested by increased levels of IL-21 and IFN-g, which can be one of the causes of intestinal damage and nutrient loss. Also, findings indicate immunopathological and not diagnostic relations between biochemical deficits and cytokine imbalance.Highlight : Stress strongly predicts insomnia in celiac patients. Persistent symptoms also contribute to insomnia. Diet quality is not related to insomnia. Keywords : Celiac Disease , Anti-Tissue Transglutaminase, cytokines, IL-21, IFN-γ.
Diet and Stress Patterns Linked to Blood Pressure in Young Adult Students: Pola Makan dan Stres yang Terkait dengan Tekanan Darah pada Mahasiswa Dewasa Muda Jesyca Isabel Anggraini; Atik Sri Wulandari; Diana Tri Ratnasari; Puput Ayu Novitasari; Tri Anisa Istiqomah
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.12925

Abstract

Background: Hypertension increasingly appears among young adults, with lifestyle factors often shaping variations in blood pressure. Specific background: Medical students frequently experience academic demands, irregular routines, and stress, making them a relevant group for examining dietary patterns and psychological conditions connected to blood pressure. Knowledge gap: Limited studies have assessed diet and stress simultaneously in a homogeneous young adult cohort with similar academic pressures. Aims: This study explored diet and stress patterns linked to blood pressure categories in medical students. Results: Among 81 respondents, most reported good dietary habits and normal blood pressure, while stress ranged from normal to very severe. Statistical analysis showed no measurable connection between diet patterns and blood pressure, whereas stress levels corresponded to differences across blood pressure categories. Novelty: The study focuses on a single academic cohort with shared workloads, offering a clearer understanding of how stress aligns with blood pressure variations. Implications: These findings highlight the need for structured stress-management strategies in academic environments to support cardiovascular health among young adult students. Highlights Diet patterns show no observable link to blood pressure among young adult students. Stress levels correspond to variations in blood pressure categories within the cohort. Academic environments may require targeted stress-management initiatives to support student well-being. Keywords Diet Pattern, Stress Level, Blood Pressure, Young Adult Students, Medical Education
Reform of the Debt Dispute Resolution System in Indonesian Courts: Pembaharuan Sistem Penyelesaian Perkara Hutang Piutang di Pengadilan Indonesia Iyan Sentosa Zalukhu; Gunardi Lie
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.12928

Abstract

General Background: The Indonesian civil justice system continues to face structural inefficiencies, including case backlogs, slow proceedings, and high litigation costs. Specific Background: These challenges are especially evident in resolving debt-related default disputes, where creditors—particularly concurrent creditors—often encounter uncertainty and weak enforcement. Knowledge Gap: Despite existing litigation and alternative dispute resolution (ADR) mechanisms, limited effectiveness, inconsistent legal certainty, and gaps in legal culture hinder optimal dispute settlement. Aims: This study analyzes the mechanisms for resolving debt-default disputes, the protection available for concurrent creditors, the application of legal certainty principles, and strategies to strengthen legal culture. Results: Findings show that dispute settlement operates through litigation and ADR; concurrent creditors receive preventive and repressive protections; legal certainty is grounded in Articles 1131–1132 of the Civil Code; and improving legal culture requires education, consistent enforcement, and institutional reform. Novelty: This research integrates doctrinal analysis with empirical judicial data to highlight systemic shortcomings in current debt-dispute resolution, particularly regarding creditor vulnerability and uneven implementation of reform policies. Implications: Strengthening legal frameworks, institutional capacity, and public legal awareness is essential to achieving a faster, simpler, and more affordable civil justice system in Indonesia. Highlights: Highlights the dual mechanisms of resolving debt-default disputes through litigation and ADR. Emphasizes the vulnerability of concurrent creditors and the need for stronger legal certainty. Underscores the importance of legal-culture development to support effective justice reform. Keywords: Debt Dispute Resolution, Legal Certainty, Concurrent Creditors, Civil Justice Reform, Legal Culture
A Normative Analysis of the Regulation of Termination of Employment For Fixed-Term Employment Agreements Workers Following the Job Creation Law: Kajian Normatif Pengaturan Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja Pekerja Perjanjian Kerja Waktu Tertentu Pasca Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja Grace Natalie Lim; Gunardi Lie
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.12930

Abstract

General Background: The regulation of termination of employment for workers under Fixed-Term Employment Agreements (PKWT) has gained urgency following recent reforms in Indonesia’s labor market. Specific Background: The Job Creation Law and Government Regulation No. 35/2021 introduced new standards intended to enhance flexibility while reshaping the protection framework for contract workers. Knowledge Gap: Despite these reforms, inconsistencies in interpretation, weak enforcement, and uneven implementation continue to create legal uncertainty, particularly in cases of unilateral termination and compensation. Aims: This study conducts a normative juridical analysis to assess the alignment of PKWT termination regulations with core principles of national labor law. Results: The findings indicate that although the new regulations clarify compensation entitlements, they do not fully guarantee fairness or legal certainty due to limited worker awareness, regulatory overlap, and ineffective supervisory mechanisms. Novelty: This research offers an integrated assessment that connects statutory reform, judicial practice, and labor protection principles, exposing gaps between legal norms and practical application. Implications: Enhanced harmonization, stronger supervisory systems, and clearer technical regulations are necessary to achieve balanced labor flexibility and social justice within Indonesia’s evolving industrial relations framework. Highlights: Highlights legal changes to PKWT termination and compensation after the Job Creation Law. Reveals gaps between normative protection and practical implementation in the field. Emphasizes the need for harmonized regulations and stronger labor supervision. Keywords: Fixed-term Employment Agreements, Termination of Employment, Job Creation Law, Worker Protection, Labor Law Reform

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