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Academia Open
Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo
ISSN : -     EISSN : 27147444     DOI : 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.12985
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Academia Open is published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo published 2 (two) issues per year (June and December). This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. This journal aims is to provide a place for academics and practitioners to publish original research and review articles. The articles basically contains any topics research or review. Academia Open is available in online version. Language used in this journal is Indonesia or English.
Arjuna Subject : Profesi Kesehatan - Profesi Kesehatan (Lain-Lain)
Articles 2,389 Documents
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Tourism Destination Evaluation in Uzbekistan: Assessing Key Regions through the Lens of Competitiveness and Lifecycle Stages Ibrokhimov Nodirbek
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.13087

Abstract

General Background: Tourism has become a strategic sector for Uzbekistan’s economic diversification, driven by its rich cultural heritage and increasing international visibility. Specific Background: Major destinations such as Tashkent, Samarkand, Bukhara, and Khiva exhibit differing performance levels that require systematic evaluation using established tourism frameworks. Knowledge Gap: Existing studies largely rely on descriptive approaches and rarely integrate quantitative destination competitiveness indicators with tourism lifecycle analysis at the regional level. Aims: This study quantitatively assesses the competitiveness and lifecycle stages of key Uzbek destinations by integrating the Tourism Area Life Cycle (TALC) model with the Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index (TTCI). Results: Findings indicate that Tashkent and Samarkand demonstrate higher arrivals, ADR, RevPAR, and occupancy rates, positioning them in the consolidation stage, whereas Bukhara and Khiva show lower economic performance and characteristics of maturity, with challenges in attracting high-spending international tourists. Novelty: The study provides one of the first empirical, region-specific analyses in Uzbekistan that simultaneously applies competitiveness and lifecycle frameworks using quantitative indicators. Implications: The results inform evidence-based destination management, highlighting the need for sustainability strategies in advanced destinations and targeted infrastructure, marketing, and product diversification to rejuvenate mature cities and strengthen Uzbekistan’s long-term tourism competitiveness.Highlight : Tashkent and Samarkand show the strongest competitiveness and are in the consolidation stage of the tourism life cycle. Bukhara and Khiva perform at lower levels, indicating maturity-stage destinations needing regeneration. Sustainability and cultural preservation are essential for long-term tourism competitiveness. Keywords :Uzbekistan Tourism, Destination Competitiveness, Tourism Area Life Cycle, Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index, Sustainable Tourism
Antibacterial Efficacy of Myrtus communis Nanoemulsion Against Multidrug-Resistant, ESBL-Producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Its Association with β-Lactam Resistance Profiles Dhulfiqar Abdulhussein Baqer Alkhawga
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.13088

Abstract

General Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major opportunistic pathogen responsible for severe hospital-acquired infections and is increasingly associated with multidrug resistance mediated by extended-spectrum and metallo-β-lactamases. Specific Background: The rapid dissemination of ESBL- and MBL-producing P. aeruginosa has compromised the efficacy of third-generation cephalosporins and carbapenems, creating an urgent need for alternative antimicrobial strategies. Knowledge Gap: Evidence remains limited regarding the effectiveness of phytochemical nanoemulsions against genetically characterized MDR P. aeruginosa isolates. Aims: This study evaluated the antibacterial activity of a Myrtus communis essential oil nanoemulsion against clinical ESBL-producing P. aeruginosa and examined its association with β-lactam resistance profiles. Results: Among 350 clinical samples, 40 P. aeruginosa isolates showed high resistance to cephalosporins and carbapenems, with prevalent VIM, IMP, CTX-M, and SHV genes. The formulated nanoemulsion exhibited a mean droplet size of 96.15 nm and demonstrated strong antibacterial activity, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.07 mg/µL and a minimum bactericidal concentration of 0.2 mg/µL, effectively inhibiting most MDR isolates. Novelty: This study integrates molecular resistance profiling with nanoemulsion-based phytotherapy against MDR P. aeruginosa. Implications: Myrtle nanoemulsion represents a promising adjunct or alternative antimicrobial approach for managing life-threatening MDR infections, particularly in settings with limited therapeutic options.Highlight : ESBL and MBL genes were highly prevalent in multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa. Myrtus communis nanoemulsion showed stable nanoscale properties. Low MIC and MBC values confirmed strong antibacterial activity. Keywords : Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Myrtus communis nanoemulsion, Antibiotic resistance, ESBL and MBL genes, Antibacterial activity
Biochemical Markers, Trace Elements, and Vitamins in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Noor Talal Ali; Shahad Saad Daham; Lubna Arkan Yonis; Abdul Rahman Jihad Mansour
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.13089

Abstract

General Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a prevalent parasitic disease in endemic regions and is increasingly recognized as a systemic condition associated with metabolic and nutritional disturbances beyond skin manifestations. Specific Background: Alterations in liver function, lipid metabolism, trace elements, and vitamin status have been reported in parasitic infections; however, integrated biochemical and molecular evidence in cutaneous leishmaniasis remains limited. Knowledge Gap: There is insufficient empirical data linking molecular identification of Leishmania species with comprehensive biochemical, trace element, and vitamin profiles in affected patients. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate biochemical markers, trace elements, and vitamins in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis and to confirm Leishmania species using PCR. Results: Compared with controls, patients showed significantly elevated liver enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP) and lipid parameters, reduced iron and zinc levels, increased copper levels, and significantly lower vitamin D3 and B12 concentrations. Nested PCR identified Leishmania tropica as the predominant species, followed by L. major. Novelty: The study integrates serological, nutritional, and molecular data, providing a holistic profile of systemic alterations associated with cutaneous leishmaniasis. Implications: These findings underscore the importance of biochemical and nutritional monitoring alongside molecular diagnosis to improve clinical management and therapeutic strategies for cutaneous leishmaniasis.Highlight : Cutaneous leishmaniasis was associated with significant elevations in liver enzymes and serum lipid levels compared to controls. Marked alterations in trace elements were observed, characterized by reduced iron and zinc levels alongside increased copper concentrations. Patients exhibited significantly lower vitamin D3 and B12 levels, indicating a potential link between nutritional status and disease severity. Keywords : Leishmania, Liver Enzymes, Lipid Profile, Trace Elements, Vitamins
Store Atmosphere Dominates Impulse Buying in Modern Retail: Suasana Toko Mempengaruhi Pembelian Impulsif dalam Ritel Modern Muhammad Irfan Ramadhan; Lia Nirawati
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13092

Abstract

General Background Modern retail competition increasingly emphasizes in-store factors that shape consumer purchasing behavior, particularly unplanned purchases. Specific Background Within the Indonesian modern retail context, Miniso at Tunjungan Plaza Surabaya represents a physical retail setting where product quality, product display, and store atmosphere are deliberately managed to attract consumers. Knowledge Gap Prior studies frequently examine these variables separately or in different retail contexts, leaving limited integrated empirical evidence within a single modern retail model. Aims This study aims to analyze the relationships between product quality, product display, and store atmosphere with impulse buying among Miniso consumers at Tunjungan Plaza Surabaya, both partially and simultaneously. Results Using a quantitative associative design and multiple linear regression analysis of 100 respondents, the findings show that product quality, product display, and store atmosphere are all positively and significantly associated with impulse buying, with store atmosphere demonstrating the strongest contribution. Novelty The study offers an integrated examination of three key retail stimuli within one analytical model applied to a modern specialty retailer in a high-traffic shopping mall. Implications These findings suggest that coordinated management of product attributes, visual merchandising, and physical store environment is central to understanding impulse buying behavior in modern retail settings. Highlights: Physical retail environment shows the strongest statistical contribution to unplanned purchasing behavior. Visual merchandising and merchandise attributes jointly relate to spontaneous consumer decisions. An integrated retail stimulus model explains a substantial proportion of purchasing variability. Keywords: Product Quality, Display Product, Store Atmosphere, Impulse Buying, Ritel Modern
Green Marketing, Greenwashing, and Premium Pricing Effects on Agrochemical Sales Performance: Pengaruh Green Marketing, Greenwashing, dan Penetapan Harga Premium terhadap Kinerja Penjualan Agrokimia Andreas Marcellius Stevenson; Teofilus Teofilus; Lexi Pranata Budidharmanto
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13093

Abstract

General Background: The agrochemical industry faces growing public scrutiny as sustainability concerns and environmental risks of synthetic chemicals intensify, prompting firms to integrate sustainability-oriented strategies into their business models. Specific Background: In Indonesia, agrochemical companies increasingly rely on green marketing communication, sustainability claims, and premium pricing to position green chemical products amid regulatory pressure and rising environmental awareness. Knowledge Gap: Empirical evidence remains limited regarding how green marketing, greenwashing practices, and premium pricing are simultaneously associated with sales performance in the agrochemical sector, particularly from the perspective of marketing practitioners. Aims: This study examines the relationships between green marketing strategies, greenwashing practices, and premium pricing with the sales performance of green chemical products, while assessing the moderating role of premium pricing. Results: Quantitative analysis using regression and moderated regression analysis indicates that green marketing, greenwashing, and premium pricing are each positively and significantly associated with sales performance, whereas premium pricing does not significantly moderate the relationships between green marketing or greenwashing and sales performance. Novelty: The study demonstrates that, within the Indonesian agrochemical context, greenwashing practices can be associated with short-term sales performance alongside green marketing and premium pricing. Implications: The findings suggest that agrochemical firms should prioritize credible and transparent sustainability communication and apply value-based pricing, as sales performance is driven by direct strategic signals rather than interaction effects among sustainability marketing and pricing strategies. Highlights: Sustainability-oriented communication shows a positive association with product sales outcomes. Short-term market gains are observed alongside unverified environmental claims. Price positioning serves as a direct market signal rather than an interaction mechanism. Keywords: Green Marketing, Greenwashing, Premium Pricing, Sales Performance, Agrochemical Industry.
Public Relations Roles Building School Image Through Islamic Character Programs: Peran Humas dalam Membangun Citra Sekolah Melalui Program Karakter Islami Ninda Anayarahma; Ainur Rochmaniah
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.13095

Abstract

General Background: Institutional image is essential for sustaining public trust and competitiveness in educational institutions through strategic communication management. Specific Background: SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Sidoarjo implements Islamic character development programs supported by public relations activities such as Ismuba For Student and religious-based student programs. Knowledge Gap: Studies commonly examine institutional reputation and character education separately, while limited research analyzes public relations roles in building school image through Islamic character strengthening in Islamic private schools. Aims: This study analyzes public relations roles in shaping school image through Islamic character development programs at SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Sidoarjo. Results: Public relations perform four main roles, namely communicator, relationship builder, management supporter, and institutional image builder, through dissemination of Islamic values, stakeholder relationship management, cross-divisional coordination, and publication of school achievements and religious activities. The programs are associated with student character formation, academic and non-academic achievements, and increased student enrollment. Novelty: This study integrates public relations functional roles with Islamic character education as a framework for institutional reputation development. Implications: The findings provide practical references for Islamic educational institutions in designing communication strategies based on character education and stakeholder engagement to strengthen institutional positioning. Highlights: Communication Channels Systematically Disseminate Religious Value Activities to Internal and External Stakeholders. Stakeholder Collaboration Programs Strengthen Parental and Community Participation in Student Development. Integrated Coordination Across School Divisions Supports Consistent Institutional Positioning. Keywords: Public Relations Strategy, Institutional Reputation, Islamic Education, Character Development, Stakeholder Communication
Pharmaceutical Education and Rational Drug Use Patterns in Urban Kirkuk: Pendidikan Farmasi dan Pola Penggunaan Obat yang Rasional di Kota Kirkuk Sara Assif Younis; Suren Azad Ramadhan; Karez Abdulghany Omer; Muhannad Omer Taher; Rawand Sirwan Izzalddin; Diyar Salahuddin Ali
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.13098

Abstract

Background: Irrational drug use remains a major public health concern in low- and middle-income countries. Specific Background: In conflict-affected regions such as Kirkuk, limited regulation and widespread self-medication exacerbate unsafe practices. Knowledge Gap: Empirical evidence linking pharmaceutical education to rational drug use in such contexts remains scarce. Aim: This study examined the relationship between pharmaceutical education and knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding medication use among Kirkuk residents. Results: A cross-sectional survey of 200 participants revealed that higher educational attainment was significantly associated with safer medication behaviors (p < 0.05), including instruction reading and pharmacist consultation, although irrational practices persisted. Novelty: This study provides rare data from a conflict-affected Middle Eastern urban setting. Implications: Findings highlight the need for integrated, culturally responsive educational and regulatory strategies to promote rational drug use beyond knowledge acquisition alone. Highlights:• Pharmaceutical education improves awareness but does not eliminate irrational drug use• Younger adults show higher self-medication tendencies• Gender and education significantly shape medication practices Keywords: Pharmaceutical Education, Rational Drug Use, Self-Medication, Community Health, Iraq
Multimodal AI-Based 3D Reservoir Prediction for Integrated Subsurface Characterization: Prediksi Reservoir 3D Berbasis Kecerdasan Buatan Multimodal untuk Karakterisasi Subpermukaan Terpadu Marhabo Shukurova
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.13099

Abstract

General Background: Hydrocarbon reservoir characterization remains challenging due to subsurface complexity and fragmented data sources. Specific Background: Conventional seismic-based interpretation often fails to capture fine-scale heterogeneity and uncertainty. Knowledge Gap: Limited studies integrate seismic, well-log, and satellite data within a unified AI-driven 3D framework. Aims: This study develops an AI-based 3D modeling system for accurate reservoir prediction using multimodal data fusion. Results: The proposed framework achieves high predictive accuracy, with LightGBM yielding R² values above 0.85 for porosity and 3D U-Net attaining IoU values exceeding 0.75 for structural segmentation. Novelty: The integration of transformer-based fusion and probabilistic uncertainty quantification distinguishes this approach from existing methods. Implications: The system enhances reservoir delineation, reduces exploration risk, and supports data-driven decision-making in hydrocarbon field development. Highlights:• Multimodal fusion improves reservoir prediction accuracy• AI-driven 3D modeling enhances fault and channel detection• Uncertainty quantification supports risk-aware decisions Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, 3D Reservoir Modeling, Seismic Data, Multimodal Fusion, Hydrocarbon Exploration
The Role of Financial Analysis in Improving Project Evaluation Decisions:A Case Study in the Iraqi Oil Sector Shahad Hassoun Radi Atiyah
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.13100

Abstract

General Background: Investment decisions in the oil sector require rigorous financial evaluation due to high capital intensity, long project life cycles, and exposure to price volatility. Specific Background: In the Iraqi oil sector, project appraisal practices often rely on limited or uneven application of modern financial analysis tools, despite their relevance for large-scale field development. Knowledge Gap: Empirical evidence remains insufficient regarding how integrated financial indicators systematically inform project evaluation and decision-making under Iraq’s specific operational and institutional conditions. Aims: This study examines the role of financial analysis in improving project evaluation decisions through an applied case study of the Majnoon Oil Field, focusing on Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Payback Period. Results: The findings indicate a positive NPV exceeding USD 1.8 billion, an IRR of approximately 17% above the assumed discount rate, and an acceptable payback period, confirming the project’s economic feasibility despite cost and price uncertainties. Novelty: The study integrates theoretical financial analysis with a context-specific applied model tailored to the Iraqi oil environment, linking quantitative indicators directly to development and investment decisions. Implications: Strengthening financial analysis frameworks and integrating them with technical data can enhance evaluation accuracy, improve resource allocation efficiency, and support more reliable investment decisions within national oil companies.Highlight : Financial analysis tools support feasibility assessment in capital-intensive oil projects. The Majnoon Oil Field case shows the role of indicators under price volatility. Financial analysis strengthens investment decisions and resource allocation. Keywords : Financial Analysis, Oil Project Evaluation, Majnoon Oil Field, Investment Decision, Financial Indicators
Surgical Management of Cleft Lip and Palate: A Multi-Center Survey of Causes, Complications, and Variations in Kerbala Sarmad Jaafar Mohammed Alrubaye
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.13101

Abstract

Background: Cleft lip and palate represent common congenital anomalies with substantial regional variation in presentation and management outcomes. Specific Background: In Kerbala, Iraq, comprehensive data on cleft phenotype distribution, surgical practices, and postoperative complications remain limited despite the condition's prevalence of approximately 1 per 1000 live births. Knowledge Gap: Existing literature lacks detailed regional profiles characterizing phenotype patterns, perioperative protocols, and complication rates specific to this population. Aims: This retrospective chart review examined 55 patients across three Kerbala hospitals to document cleft phenotype distribution, laterality, surgical management approaches, and postoperative outcomes. Results: Cleft lip and palate constituted the predominant phenotype (69.1%), with male predominance (54.55%) and unilateral presentation (67.3%) most common. Primary repairs utilized absorbable sutures with brief hospitalization (81.81% discharged within 1-2 days). Alveolar bone grafting occurred in 34.7% of cases. Postoperative complications included fistula formation (12.7%), scarring (27.2%), and dehiscence (18%), requiring revision surgery in 12.7% of patients. Novelty: This study provides the first comprehensive regional profile of cleft management in Kerbala, establishing baseline metrics for phenotype distribution and surgical outcomes. Implications: Findings highlight the necessity for standardized outcome tracking, enhanced multidisciplinary care protocols, and targeted interventions addressing persistent complications to optimize functional and aesthetic results in this population.Highlight : Cleft lip and palate predominated (69.1%) with unilateral clefts more common and male predominance observed. Primary repair used absorbable sutures with 1-2 day hospital stays; bone grafting performed in 34.7% of cases at ages 7-12 years. Main complications were fistula formation (12.7%) and scarring (27.2%), requiring multidisciplinary follow-up for optimal outcomes Keywords : left Lip and Palate, Surgical Management, Postoperative Complications, Phenotype Distribution, Alveolar Bone Grafting

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