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Academia Open
Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo
ISSN : -     EISSN : 27147444     DOI : 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.12985
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Academia Open is published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo published 2 (two) issues per year (June and December). This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. This journal aims is to provide a place for academics and practitioners to publish original research and review articles. The articles basically contains any topics research or review. Academia Open is available in online version. Language used in this journal is Indonesia or English.
Arjuna Subject : Profesi Kesehatan - Profesi Kesehatan (Lain-Lain)
Articles 2,389 Documents
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Gamification Approaches in Undergraduate Histology Learning: Pendekatan Gamifikasi dalam Pembelajaran Histologi pada Tingkat Sarjana Nur Aini Hasan; Rifda Savirani
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13493

Abstract

General Background: Histology is a fundamental component of preclinical medical education that requires mastery of microscopic interpretation and integration of structure–function relationships. Specific Background: First-year medical students frequently perceive histology as challenging due to high cognitive load, abstract visual content, reliance on memorization, and limited motivation associated with conventional lecture-based teaching. Knowledge Gap: Although gamification has been increasingly applied in medical education, there remains limited synthesis focusing specifically on its application, outcomes, and limitations within undergraduate histology learning, particularly regarding standardized evaluation and long-term sustainability. Aims: This narrative literature review aims to examine the relevance of gamification in basic histology education, identify commonly used gamification tools, and summarize reported educational outcomes across undergraduate medical curricula. Results: The reviewed literature indicates that gamification strategies, including points, badges, leaderboards, interactive quizzes, and digital challenges, are associated with improved learner engagement, motivation, knowledge retention, self-confidence, and active classroom participation across cognitive, affective, and behavioral domains. Novelty: This review consolidates evidence on gamification specifically within histology education while simultaneously highlighting methodological limitations, novelty effects, competitive risks, and design heterogeneity reported in existing studies. Implications: Carefully designed, theory-driven, and context-adapted gamification frameworks, integrated with digital microscopy and evaluated through longitudinal research, may support more interactive and meaningful histology learning experiences for early-stage medical students. Highlights: Interactive game-based strategies are consistently associated with higher learner participation and motivation in microscopic science learning. Reported outcomes span cognitive, affective, and behavioral domains, including retention, satisfaction, and active learning behaviors. Design variability and limited long-term evaluation remain key challenges in current implementations. Keywords : Gamification, Histology Education, Medical Students, Engagement, Preclinical Learning
Maternal Posyandu Participation and Toddler Nutritional Status in Gribig Village: Keaktifan Ibu Posyandu dan Status Gizi Balita di Desa Gribig Retno setiyowati; Umi Faridah; Rusnoto Rusnoto
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13496

Abstract

General Background: Toddler nutritional status reflects health conditions and adequate nutrient intake supporting optimal child growth and development. Specific Background: Maternal participation in Posyandu, parenting patterns, and feeding practices are factors related to child nutrition monitoring. Knowledge Gap: Many studies discuss these determinants separately, while integrated evidence in rural community settings remains limited. Aims: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between maternal activeness in Posyandu, parenting patterns, and feeding practices with toddler nutritional status in Gribig Village. Results: A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted involving 59 mothers with toddlers aged 0–59 months. The results showed a significant relationship between maternal Posyandu participation and toddler nutritional status (p=0.0001). Parenting patterns and feeding practices showed tendencies toward better nutritional conditions but were not statistically significant (p=0.7 and p=0.8). Most toddlers had normal nutritional status (69.5%), and democratic parenting was the most common pattern. Novelty: This study integrates maternal participation, parenting patterns, and feeding practices using community-based Posyandu data. Implications: Strengthening maternal participation and community nutrition education can support routine monitoring and early detection of toddler nutritional problems. Highlights • Maternal participation associated with toddler nutrition monitoring• Majority of toddlers categorized with normal nutrition• Democratic caregiving approach most commonly practiced Keywords Maternal Posyandu Participation; Parenting Patterns; Feeding Practices; Toddler Nutritional Status; Community Health Monitoring
Clinico-Immunobiochemical Markers of Destructive Cholecystitis: Penanda Klinis-Imunobiokimia pada Kolesistitis Destruktif Abdullokulov Umid Maxmudjonovich; Fayzullaeva Nigora Yakhyayevna; Abdumajidov Abdugafur Shukurovich; Zuparov Kamoliddin Farkhadovich
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13498

Abstract

General Background: Gallstone disease and its inflammatory complications remain a major concern in hepatobiliary surgery, with destructive cholecystitis frequently associated with severe postoperative morbidity. Specific Background: Progression from chronic calculous cholecystitis to acute purulent-destructive forms involves systemic inflammatory activation, metabolic disturbances, and immune dysregulation measurable through clinical, laboratory, biochemical, and immunological parameters. Knowledge Gap: However, early identification of patients at high risk of complications based on integrated clinico-immunobiochemical indicators has not been sufficiently systematized. Aims: This study aimed to determine the prognostic value of clinical and laboratory markers and to formulate preventive recommendations for early risk assessment in destructive cholecystitis. Results: In 111 patients, acute purulent-destructive cases demonstrated higher total cholesterol (7.81 ± 0.12 mmol/L), elevated LDL (3.44 ± 0.10 mmol/L), reduced HDL (0.89 ± 0.04 mmol/L), and markedly increased proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α (68.5 ± 2.74 pg/mL) and IL-6 (24.8 ± 1.12 pg/mL) compared with chronic cholecystitis and controls; imaging revealed more frequent gallbladder wall destruction, biliary hypertension, and ascites, accompanied by greater postoperative complication rates. Novelty: The study integrates cytokine profiling, lipid parameters, and instrumental findings into a unified clinico-immunobiochemical framework for early complication prediction. Implications: Comprehensive assessment of these markers supports personalized preventive strategies, optimized surgical planning, and timely identification of high-risk patients, thereby improving clinical decision-making and perioperative safety in destructive cholecystitis. Keywords: Destructive Cholecystitis, Cytokine Profile, TNF-α, Interleukin-6, Lipid Metabolism Key Findings Highlights: Acute purulent cases presented markedly higher proinflammatory mediator concentrations compared with chronic forms and controls. Dyslipidemia characterized by raised total cholesterol and LDL with decreased HDL distinguished severe disease groups. Combined laboratory and imaging indicators enabled earlier detection of patients prone to postoperative complications.
Islamic Education Teachers Roles in Muslim Minority Schools: Peran Guru Pendidikan Agama Islam di Sekolah Minoritas Islam Yusranida Hidayati; Salminawati Salminawati; Zaini Dahlan
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13504

Abstract

General Background: Islamic Religious Education in multicultural schools requires contextualized pedagogical practices that accommodate religious diversity while sustaining Islamic values. Specific Background: At SMKS and SMAS Pencawan Medan, where Muslim students constitute a minority, Islamic Education teachers confront limited instructional time, generational gaps, digital literacy disparities, and the necessity to maintain interreligious harmony. Knowledge Gap: Previous studies have predominantly addressed religious moderation and teacher professionalism in Muslim-majority contexts, with limited in-depth exploration of teachers’ lived experiences, cross-religious interactions, and comparative analysis within Muslim minority secondary schools. Aims: This study aims to analyze the roles, personal and professional experiences, interaction patterns, challenges, and institutional differences shaping Islamic Education practices in minority settings. Results: Using a qualitative phenomenological approach through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation, the findings reveal that teachers function as spiritual mentors, moral educators, social mediators, and facilitators of universal values. In SMKS, the teacher demonstrates strong spiritual exemplarity and persuasive guidance, whereas in SMAS, the teacher adopts technology-based pedagogical innovation and dialogic learning. Interaction patterns are characterized by humanistic, inclusive, and empathetic communication, fostering tolerance and religious moderation. Novelty: The study proposes an integrated model of Islamic Education teacher professionalism that unites spiritual, social, pedagogical, and technological dimensions within Muslim minority schools. Implications: These findings contribute to contextual Islamic education discourse and provide a framework for developing adaptive, inclusive, and technologically responsive Religious Education in plural educational environments. Highlights• Demonstrates multidimensional educator functions within plural secondary institutions.• Identifies comparative distinctions between vocational and general school contexts.• Formulates an integrated professionalism framework combining spiritual guidance and digital pedagogy. KeywordsIslamic Religious Education; Muslim Minority Schools; Teacher Professionalism; Religious Moderation; Multicultural Education
The Antimicrobial Activity of Extracted Shiga Toxin from E. coli O157:H7 on Different Types of Bacteria and Fungi: Aktivitas Antimikroba Toksin Shiga yang Diekstraksi dari E. coli O157:H7 terhadap Berbagai Jenis Bakteri dan Jamur Khutheir Abbas Ali; Harith Basim Ibrahim Al-Nasiri; Ola Hassan AlSaady
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13538

Abstract

General Background: Foodborne pathogens, particularly Escherichia coli O157:H7, remain a major public health concern due to their ability to produce Shiga toxin and their increasing resistance to antimicrobial agents. Knowledge Gap: Limited evidence is available regarding the antimicrobial activity of purified Shiga toxin against diverse bacterial and fungal pathogens isolated from food sources, especially in local contexts. Aims: This study aimed to isolate E. coli O157:H7 from dairy and meat products in Baghdad, purify Shiga toxin, and evaluate its antimicrobial activity against selected bacteria and fungi. Results: Thirty E. coli O157:H7 isolates were obtained from 300 samples. Shiga toxin was successfully purified using ammonium sulfate precipitation and ion-exchange chromatography. The purified toxin showed inhibitory activity against several pathogens, with the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration observed for Candida albicans at 125 µg/mL, while higher concentrations were required for other bacterial species. Novelty: The study demonstrates the selective antimicrobial potential of purified Shiga toxin against both bacterial and fungal pathogens derived from food samples. Implications: These findings provide experimental evidence supporting the potential application of bacterial toxins as alternative antimicrobial agents in food safety and pathogen control strategies. Keywords: Escherichia coli O157:H7, Shiga Toxin, Antimicrobial Activity, Ion-Exchange Chromatography, Foodborne Pathogens Key Findings Highlights: Purified Shiga toxin exhibited selective inhibitory activity against multiple bacterial species and Candida albicans. Meat products showed a higher occurrence of E. coli O157:H7 compared to dairy products in Baghdad markets. Ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by ion-exchange chromatography yielded an active toxin preparation suitable for antimicrobial testing.
The role of fiscal policy in Iraq after 2003 in diversifying sources of income: an analytical study: Peran kebijakan fiskal di Irak setelah 2003 dalam diversifikasi sumber pendapatan: sebuah studi analitis Tareq Abbas Jasim
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13539

Abstract

General Background: Resource-dependent economies face persistent challenges in achieving sustainable growth and economic diversification. Specific Background: Iraq’s economy is characterized by heavy reliance on oil revenues, weak non-oil sectors, and fiscal imbalances that constrain long-term development. Knowledge Gap: Despite numerous fiscal reforms, limited evidence explains why diversification outcomes remain weak within Iraq’s public revenue and expenditure framework. Aims: This study examines fiscal policy instruments, public revenue composition, and their role in supporting economic diversification in Iraq. Results: The findings indicate that oil revenues dominate total public revenues, while non-oil sectors contribute marginally to gross domestic product, reflecting structural imbalances and inefficient public spending patterns. Novelty: The study provides an integrated analysis of fiscal, sectoral, and institutional factors shaping diversification outcomes in the Iraqi economy. Implications: The results highlight the need for balanced fiscal policies and stronger support for productive sectors to reduce oil dependency and promote economic stability. Keywords: Fiscal Policy, Economic Diversification, Public Revenues, Oil Dependency, Iraqi Economy Key Findings Highlights: Public revenues in Iraq remain highly concentrated in the oil sector. Non-oil productive sectors contribute weakly to economic structure. Fiscal imbalances limit progress toward diversification goals.
Digital Human Resource Capabilities and Strategic Success in Iraqi Tourism: Kapasitas Sumber Daya Manusia Digital dan Kesuksesan Strategis dalam Pariwisata Irak Firas Naji Hatem; Azhar Ali Ahmed
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13540

Abstract

General Background Digital transformation has become a defining feature of contemporary organizational management, particularly in service-oriented sectors such as tourism. Specific Background Tourism companies in Iraq face increasing pressure to modernize human resource practices through digital knowledge, technical skills, and digital leadership. Knowledge Gap Despite this necessity, limited empirical evidence explains how digital human resource capabilities are systematically linked to strategic success in Iraqi tourism organizations. Aims This study aims to examine the relationship between digital human resource capabilities and strategic success dimensions within tourism companies operating in Baghdad, Karbala, and Najaf. Results Using a descriptive-analytical approach and data from 123 managers and employees, the findings reveal a statistically significant relationship between digital capabilities and strategic success, with digital leadership showing the strongest explanatory contribution. Novelty The study offers context-specific empirical evidence from religious tourism organizations, integrating digital human resource capabilities with strategic success indicators. Implications The findings provide practical insights for tourism managers and policymakers seeking to strengthen adaptation, survival, and growth through structured digital human capital development. Keywords: Digital Human Resource Capabilities, Strategic Success, Tourism Companies, Digital Leadership, Iraq Key Findings Highlights: Digital leadership demonstrates the highest contribution to organizational adaptability and continuity. Technical skills remain the most operationally developed capability among tourism firms. Strategic outcomes are strongly explained by combined digital capability dimensions.
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Respiratory Infections: Polanya Resistensi Antibiotik Pseudomonas aeruginosa pada Infeksi Pernafasan Riyam Wissam Hassan
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13542

Abstract

General Background: Respiratory tract infections remain a major cause of morbidity worldwide and are frequently associated with bacterial pathogens. Specific Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a prominent hospital-acquired pathogen known for its multidrug resistance, complicating therapeutic management. Knowledge Gap: Local and time-specific data on antibiotic susceptibility patterns of P. aeruginosa in respiratory infections remain limited. Aims: This study aimed to isolate and identify P. aeruginosa from sputum samples of patients with respiratory tract infections and to evaluate its antibiotic susceptibility patterns. Results: Out of 110 sputum samples, 78 showed bacterial growth, with P. aeruginosa identified in 26 samples (33.33%). High resistance rates were observed for cephalosporins, particularly ceftazidime (76.92%) and cefepime (73.07%), as well as levofloxacin (76.92%). Moderate resistance was noted for carbapenems, while higher sensitivity was recorded for amikacin (61.53%) and colistin (53.84%). Novelty: The study provides recent localized data on resistance profiles of P. aeruginosa in Al-Diwaniyah Governorate. Implications: These findings support evidence-based antibiotic selection and highlight the necessity for continuous surveillance to guide effective treatment strategies and limit antimicrobial resistance. Keywords: Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Respiratory Tract Infections, Antibiotic Resistance, Sputum Samples, Antimicrobial Susceptibility Key Findings Highlights: Pseudomonas aeruginosa accounted for one-third of culture-positive respiratory samples. High resistance was observed against third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins. Amikacin and colistin showed comparatively higher susceptibility rates.
Improving human gait recognition using a directed GAN in digital forensics : Peningkatan pengenalan gerakan manusia menggunakan GAN terarah dalam forensik digital Zaid Derea
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13545

Abstract

General Background: Gait recognition has emerged as a non-invasive biometric technique widely applied in forensic analysis, surveillance, and security systems. Specific Background: Recent advances in deep learning, particularly Generative Adversarial Networks and vision transformers, have enabled improved gait synthesis and feature representation, yet challenges remain in maintaining identity consistency and evaluation reliability. Knowledge Gap: Existing studies often address gait synthesis or recognition independently and lack unified frameworks combining generative quality assessment with robust feature extraction. Aims: This study proposes a comprehensive gait recognition framework integrating GAN-based gait enhancement, DINOv2 vision transformer feature extraction, and CNN-based identity verification. Results: Experimental evaluation on CASIA-B, OU-ISIR, and TUM-GAID datasets shows that StyleGAN2 achieves superior gait reconstruction quality, while DINOv2 provides highly discriminative spatio-temporal features, resulting in a classification accuracy of 98.3% and strong clustering separability. Novelty: The framework uniquely combines competitive GAN architectures with self-supervised transformer features and multi-level evaluation metrics within a single system. Implications: The proposed approach supports reliable gait recognition for biometric verification, forensic investigation, healthcare monitoring, and surveillance applications. Keywords: Gait Recognition, Generative Adversarial Networks, DINOv2, Vision Transformers, Biometric Verification Key Findings Highlights: High-fidelity gait synthesis was achieved using advanced generative architectures. Self-supervised transformer features provided strong identity separability. The integrated framework demonstrated robust performance across diverse conditions.
Placenta Previa Prevalence and Risk Factors in Women Undergoing Cesarean Sections : Prevalensi dan Faktor Risiko Placenta Previa pada Wanita yang Melakukan Operasi Caesar Ebtihal Sattar Qassim; Douaa Aziz , Douaa Aziz Darfash; , Maitham Abed Shawwat
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13547

Abstract

General Background Placenta previa is a major obstetric condition associated with antepartum hemorrhage and adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Specific Background Rising cesarean section rates and increasing maternal age have contributed to higher reported cases, particularly in high-risk hospital settings. Knowledge Gap Limited region-specific data are available regarding placenta previa prevalence and maternal risk factors among women undergoing cesarean delivery in Iraq. Aims This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of placenta previa and identify associated maternal risk factors among cesarean deliveries in AL-Muthanna and AL-Diwaniya, Iraq. Results A retrospective cross-sectional analysis of 300 cesarean deliveries identified placenta previa in 15% of cases, with advanced maternal age, multiple previous cesarean sections, high parity, elevated body mass index, anterior placental location, and comorbidities showing significant associations. Novelty This study provides stratified regional evidence linking surgical history and maternal characteristics to placenta previa within a high-cesarean population. Implications Early identification of high-risk women may support tailored antenatal surveillance and surgical planning to reduce maternal complications. Keywords: Placenta Previa, Cesarean Section, Maternal Age, Obstetric Risk Factors, Pregnancy Complications Key Findings Highlights: Placenta previa was identified in a notable proportion of cesarean deliveries within the study population. Advanced maternal age and repeated surgical deliveries showed strong statistical associations. Stratified analysis clarified maternal and placental characteristics linked to higher clinical risk.

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