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Academia Open
Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo
ISSN : -     EISSN : 27147444     DOI : 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.12985
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Academia Open is published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo published 2 (two) issues per year (June and December). This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. This journal aims is to provide a place for academics and practitioners to publish original research and review articles. The articles basically contains any topics research or review. Academia Open is available in online version. Language used in this journal is Indonesia or English.
Arjuna Subject : Profesi Kesehatan - Profesi Kesehatan (Lain-Lain)
Articles 2,389 Documents
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Bacterial Profiles and Inflammatory Markers in Pregnancy-Related Urinary Tract Infections: Profil Bakteri dan Marker Peradangan pada Infeksi Saluran Kemih yang Berkaitan dengan Kehamilan Layth Hussein Hadi Alshaibah
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13548

Abstract

General Background: Urinary tract infections are among the most frequent bacterial infections occurring during pregnancy and may progress from mild lower tract involvement to severe renal complications. Specific Background: Inflammatory markers such as white blood cells, C-reactive protein, proteinuria, red blood cells, and procalcitonin are associated with infection severity but remain underexplored in regional clinical settings. Knowledge Gap: Limited data exist regarding the bacterial distribution and inflammatory marker patterns among pregnant women with UTIs in Al-Diwaniyah City. Aims: This study aimed to identify causative bacteria and assess inflammatory markers in pregnant women diagnosed with urinary tract infections. Results: A cross-sectional analysis of 140 pregnant women revealed significant variation in UTI severity across gestational ages, with mild cases predominating in the first trimester and more severe cases in later stages. The highest inflammatory marker levels were observed in very severe infections. Escherichia coli was the most frequently isolated pathogen (55%), followed by Klebsiella, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, and Citrobacter. Novelty: The study integrates bacterial profiling with inflammatory marker assessment to describe severity patterns during pregnancy. Implications: These findings support the use of inflammatory markers as indicators of UTI severity and contribute region-specific data for maternal infection management. Keywords: Urinary Tract Infection, Pregnancy, Inflammatory Markers, Bacterial Pathogens, Gestational Age Key Findings Highlights: Disease severity varied significantly across pregnancy trimesters. Severe cases showed markedly elevated inflammatory marker levels. Gram-negative bacteria dominated infection profiles among participants.
Hierarchical AI Control and Protection for Renewable Integrated MTDC Grids: Pengendalian dan Perlindungan AI Hierarkis untuk Jaringan MTDC Terintegrasi Energi Terbarukan Salah Faisal Abbood
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13550

Abstract

General Background Renewable energy integration requires advanced transmission infrastructures capable of managing long-distance power transfer and fast system disturbances. Specific Background Multi-terminal VSC-HVDC grids offer operational flexibility but face challenges related to coordinated control and ultra-fast DC fault protection. Knowledge Gap Existing studies predominantly address control and protection separately, resulting in limited system-level coordination during dynamic and faulted conditions. Aims This study aims to develop and validate a unified hierarchical artificial intelligence-based framework that integrates control and protection for renewable-integrated MTDC systems. Results A three-layer architecture employing deep reinforcement learning for primary control, an AI-based secondary coordinator, and a hybrid AI-driven fault protection scheme was validated through EMT-based co-simulation of a modified CIGRE B4 MTDC benchmark. The framework achieved significant reductions in settling time, voltage deviation, fault detection latency, and post-fault recovery duration, alongside high fault classification accuracy. Novelty The proposed approach introduces a single, coordinated AI-driven architecture that simultaneously governs normal operation and emergency fault response within MTDC grids. Implications The results demonstrate the feasibility of deploying integrated AI-based control and protection to improve stability, resilience, and operational reliability in future renewable-dominated HVDC networks. Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, VSC-HVDC, Multi-Terminal DC Grids, Fault Protection, Renewable Integration Key Findings Highlights: Integrated AI coordination significantly reduced dynamic settling time and voltage deviations under renewable variability Intelligent fault protection achieved sub-millisecond detection with high classification accuracy System resilience under converter outage conditions improved through adaptive secondary coordination
Synthesis and Computational Evaluation of CoII and CuII Schiff Base Complexes: Synthesis and Computational Evaluation of CoII and CuII Schiff Base Complexes Ameena N. Seewan; Delfaa S. Gassed; Wafaa Mahdi Alkoofee; Hawraa a. Mayzed
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13556

Abstract

General Background Schiff base ligands are widely studied in coordination chemistry due to their versatile binding modes and relevance in biological and pharmaceutical research. Specific Background Pyrazolone-based Schiff bases derived from 4-aminoantipyrine have demonstrated notable coordination behavior with transition metals and promising computational bioactivity profiles. Knowledge Gap However, limited studies integrate microwave-assisted synthesis with combined spectroscopic characterization, theoretical stability analysis, molecular docking, and ADME prediction for such systems. Aims This study aimed to synthesize a new Schiff base ligand and its Co(II) and Cu(II) complexes, characterize their structural properties, and evaluate their theoretical stability, docking behavior, and drug-likeness. Results Spectroscopic and analytical data confirmed successful complex formation with a 1:2 metal–ligand ratio and octahedral geometry. Computational calculations indicated higher stability of the complexes compared to the free ligand. Docking analysis revealed favorable binding interactions with breast cancer-related protein targets, while ADME prediction showed compliance with Lipinski’s rule and acceptable pharmacokinetic parameters. Novelty The novelty lies in the integrated experimental–computational approach combined with microwave synthesis for this specific ligand–metal system. Implications These findings support the relevance of Schiff base metal complexes as structurally stable candidates for further theoretical and experimental bioactivity investigations. Keywords: Schiff Base Complexes, Microwave Synthesis, Molecular Docking, ADME Prediction, Transition Metal Coordination Key Findings Highlights: Stable octahedral cobalt and copper complexes were confirmed by spectroscopic and magnetic data Theoretical calculations demonstrated higher stability of complexes relative to the free ligand Docking and pharmacokinetic analyses indicated suitability for further bioactivity-oriented studies
Effect of (TOC) and Internal Auditing (AI) on Enhancing the Sustainable Performance of Industry: An Empirical Study Abdulqudoos Hussein Mohammed
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13557

Abstract

General Background Sustainable performance has become a central concern for organizations seeking to balance economic, environmental, and social objectives. Specific Background Prior studies emphasize sustainability performance measurement systems and managerial frameworks, yet operational limitations often hinder their practical application. Knowledge Gap Limited attention has been given to integrating sustainability performance concepts with theory of constraints to explain performance limitations systematically. Aims This article aims to analyze sustainable performance by combining sustainability management perspectives with theory of constraints as an analytical framework. Results The analysis shows that organizational constraints play a critical role in shaping sustainability performance outcomes and that structured performance management systems can help identify and address these constraints. Novelty The novelty of this study lies in linking sustainability performance measurement with constraint-based operational thinking within a unified conceptual framework. Implications The findings provide insights for managers and policymakers to better align sustainability goals with operational decision-making processes. Highlights: Organizational constraints are central determinants of sustainability-oriented outcomes Sustainability performance systems benefit from integration with operational frameworks Constraint-based analysis supports balanced economic and social decision-making Keywords: Sustainable Performance, Theory of Constraints, Sustainability Management, Performance Measurement, Organizational Constraints
CRISPR Cas Genome Editing Applications in Medicine and Agriculture: Aplikasi Pengeditan Genom CRISPR-Cas dalam Kedokteran dan Pertanian Zainab Nader Hussein AlHusseini
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13558

Abstract

General Background Genome editing has become a central approach in modern biotechnology for modifying genetic material with high precision. Specific Background CRISPR/Cas systems have emerged as widely adopted tools in medical research, plant breeding, and sustainable food production due to their accuracy and adaptability. Knowledge Gap Despite extensive studies, there remains a need for an integrated synthesis that connects technological development, application domains, and associated challenges within a sustainability-oriented framework. Aims This article aims to review CRISPR/Cas genome-editing technologies, their applications in health and agriculture, and the challenges related to biosafety and regulation. Results The review demonstrates that CRISPR/Cas systems support disease modeling, gene therapy research, crop improvement, and biofortification, while also presenting technical and ethical constraints. Novelty The novelty lies in combining medical, agricultural, and sustainability perspectives within a single analytical framework. Implications The findings support informed research development and policy discussion regarding responsible genome-editing adoption. Keywords: CRISPR Cas Systems, Genome Editing, Gene Therapy, Plant Biotechnology, Sustainable Food Production Key Findings Highlights: Genome-editing systems enable precise modification across medical and agricultural contexts Technical challenges and biosafety considerations remain central research concerns Integrated perspectives support sustainability-oriented biotechnology development
Self-Confidence Among University Students Rawaa Jaafar Abd Al-Mayahy
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13559

Abstract

General Background University education increasingly requires students to possess strong psychological attributes to cope with academic and social demands. Specific Background Self-confidence is a key psychological construct that supports learning, motivation, and academic engagement among university students. Knowledge Gap Despite its importance, limited empirical evidence exists on self-confidence levels among university students across gender and academic specialization in the local context. Aims This study aims to identify the level of self-confidence among university students and examine differences according to gender and specialization. Results The findings indicate measurable levels of self-confidence among students, with statistically significant differences based on gender and academic specialization. Novelty The study applies a self-confidence scale grounded in Bandura’s theoretical framework within a university context. Implications The results provide empirical support for integrating psychological development programs into higher education to support student success. Highlights: University Students Demonstrate Identifiable Levels of Self-Confidence Differences Appear Across Demographic and Academic Categories Bandura-Based Measurement Provides Reliable Assessment Outcomes Keywords: Self-Confidence, University Students, Gender Differences, Academic Specialization, Educational Psychology  
Biological Pathways and Biomarker Patterns in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Jalur Biologis dan Pola Biomarker pada Gangguan Spektrum Autisme Tamarah H. Ahmed; Noor H. Al-Mousawi
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13560

Abstract

General Background Autism spectrum disorder is a complex neurodevelopmental condition characterized by marked heterogeneity in clinical presentation and underlying biology. Specific Background Increasing attention has been directed toward biological mechanisms such as immune dysregulation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroendocrine rhythm disturbances. Knowledge Gap Despite extensive research, findings remain fragmented across biological systems, limiting integrative understanding. Aims This article aims to synthesize current evidence on key biological pathways and biomarkers associated with autism spectrum disorder. Results The review identifies consistent abnormalities in inflammatory markers, oxidative stress indicators, mitochondrial function, melatonin regulation, and serotonergic activity, suggesting interconnected physiological alterations. Novelty The study offers an integrative synthesis that brings together immune, metabolic, and neurobiological evidence within a single analytical framework. Implications These findings support the relevance of multi-system biological perspectives in autism research and provide a consolidated foundation for future investigations into diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Highlights: Multiple physiological systems show recurrent abnormalities in autism spectrum disorder. Immune and oxidative pathways appear closely interconnected across studies. Neuroendocrine rhythm disturbances emerge as a consistent biological feature. Keywords: Autism Spectrum Disorder, Neuroinflammation, Oxidative Stress, Biomarkers, Biological Mechanisms
Digital Quran Application Features and User Satisfaction among Urban Muslims: Fitur Aplikasi Al-Qur’an Digital dan Kepuasan Pengguna Muslim Urban Addiina Raihan Hamas; Arifuddin Tike; Haidir Fitra Siagian; Kamaluddin Tajibu; Muhammad Anshar Akil
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13594

Abstract

General Background: The expansion of internet access and mobile technology has encouraged the use of digital Qur’an applications to support religious practices among urban Muslims. Specific Background: Quranly provides interactive features such as reminders, progress tracking, and gamification designed to facilitate consistent Qur’an engagement. Knowledge Gap: Despite increasing adoption of digital Qur’an platforms, limited empirical research examines how application features relate to user satisfaction through trust mechanisms, particularly among urban Muslim users. Aims: This study analyzes the relationship between Quranly application features, user trust, and user satisfaction, including the mediating role of trust. Results: A quantitative survey of 140 active Quranly users analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares shows that application features are positively associated with user satisfaction (β=0.266; p<0.05) and trust (β=0.452; p<0.05), while trust is also positively associated with satisfaction (β=0.346; p<0.05). Trust additionally functions as a complementary mediator between application features and satisfaction. Novelty: The study proposes an empirical mediation model linking digital Qur’an application features, trust, and satisfaction among urban Muslim users. Implications: The findings highlight the importance of feature reliability, content credibility, and service consistency in supporting trust and sustaining satisfaction in digital religious applications. Highlights • Interactive system attributes show significant relationships with satisfaction levels among Quranly users.• Trust functions as a mediating mechanism within digital religious platform usage.• Reliability and credibility of platform services support sustained user experience. Keywords Digital Quran Application; Application Features; User Trust; User Satisfaction; Urban Muslims
Problem Based Learning with Collaborative Digital Reading Improves Interactive Conversation and Literacy: Problem Based Learning dengan Bacaan Digital Kolaboratif Meningkatkan Percakapan Interaktif dan Literasi Istiqomatudiniyah; Viarti Eminita
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13622

Abstract

General Background: Interactive conversation skills and literacy are fundamental competencies in 21st-century elementary education, supporting communication, collaboration, and critical thinking. Specific Background: Fourth-grade students at SDN Tegal Kunir Lor II demonstrated low interactive conversation skills and literacy, associated with conventional instruction, minimal integration of digital technology, and limited collaborative learning practices. Knowledge Gap: Previous studies have examined Problem Based Learning (PBL), digital reading, or collaborative approaches independently, yet empirical evidence integrating these three components within a single experimental framework remains limited. Aims: This study analyzes the partial and simultaneous effects of PBL with collaborative digital reading on students’ interactive conversation skills and literacy. Results: Using a quasi-experimental pretest–posttest control group design involving 40 students, multivariate analysis indicated a significant difference between groups (Pillai’s Trace = 0.858; F = 111.728; p < 0.05). Partial analysis showed significant differences in interactive conversation skills (F = 173.709; p < 0.05; R² = 0.821) and literacy (F = 2.376; p < 0.05; R² = 0.059). Novelty: The study integrates PBL, collaborative digital reading, and simultaneous multivariate analysis of communication and literacy outcomes in primary education. Implications: The findings recommend PBL with collaborative digital reading as an alternative instructional model to develop interactive communication and literacy competencies in elementary classrooms. Highlights• Multivariate analysis confirmed significant differences across both assessed competencies.• Experimental group demonstrated higher posttest mean scores than the control group.• Problem-solving activities combined with group-based digital texts supported measurable learning outcomes. KeywordsProblem Based Learning; Collaborative Digital Reading; Interactive Conversation Skills; Literacy; Elementary Education
Integrated Collaborative Learning Storybooks and Animation Improve Explanatory Writing: Integrasi Pembelajaran Kolaboratif Buku Cerita Dan Animasi Meningkatkan Menulis Eksplanasi Nunik Istanti; Adiyati Fathu Roshonah; Misriandi Misriandi
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13623

Abstract

General Background: Explanatory text writing is a fundamental literacy competence in elementary education requiring logical organization, causal reasoning, and structured academic language. Specific Background: Prior studies report that students experience difficulties in understanding explanatory text structure and cause–effect relationships, often due to limited interactive pedagogy and insufficiently engaging learning media. Knowledge Gap: Although collaborative learning, storybooks, and animation media have been examined separately, limited empirical research integrates these three approaches simultaneously within explanatory writing instruction at the elementary level. Aims: This study aims to examine the partial, simultaneous, and interaction effects of collaborative learning, storybooks, and animation media on sixth-grade students’ explanatory writing skills. Results: Using a quasi-experimental pretest–posttest control group design involving 120 students across four public elementary schools, findings revealed significant effects of collaborative learning (F=78.239; p<0.05), storybooks (F=58.153; p<0.05), and animation media (F=96.504; p<0.05). Simultaneous regression analysis indicated a significant combined model (F=287.779; p<0.05), while factorial ANCOVA demonstrated a strong interaction effect (F=352.605; p<0.05; Partial Eta Squared=0.597). Novelty: This research provides empirical evidence of a collaborative–multimodal instructional model integrating social interaction, narrative scaffolding, and visual animation in explanatory text writing. Implications: The findings support the implementation of integrated collaborative learning supported by storybooks and animation media to foster structured reasoning, text organization, and sustainable written literacy development in elementary classrooms. Highlights Collaborative group work produced substantially higher posttest scores than conventional instruction. Narrative-based materials provided the strongest predictive contribution in the regression model. Multimodal integration generated a large interaction effect size in factorial ANCOVA analysis. KeywordsCollaborative Learning; Storybooks; Animation Media; Explanatory Writing; Elementary Education

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