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Academia Open
Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo
ISSN : -     EISSN : 27147444     DOI : 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.12985
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Academia Open is published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo published 2 (two) issues per year (June and December). This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. This journal aims is to provide a place for academics and practitioners to publish original research and review articles. The articles basically contains any topics research or review. Academia Open is available in online version. Language used in this journal is Indonesia or English.
Arjuna Subject : Profesi Kesehatan - Profesi Kesehatan (Lain-Lain)
Articles 2,389 Documents
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Teacher Roles and Elementary Students Learning Interest in Classroom Practice: Peran Guru dan Minat Belajar Siswa Sekolah Dasar dalam Praktik Pembelajaran Karismah Nadia Amelia; Abdul Rahman; Nuraini Nuraini; Zulnuraini Zulnuraini; Ammar Abdullah Joni Guci
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13645

Abstract

General Background: Student learning interest is a crucial factor that supports active participation, attention, and enthusiasm during the learning process in elementary education. Specific Background: Teachers hold a central role in shaping classroom learning conditions and guiding students through various pedagogical responsibilities. Knowledge Gap: Although many studies discuss teacher roles in learning, contextual analysis focusing on the homeroom teacher’s roles in fostering learning interest among fourth-grade students remains limited. Aims: This study aims to analyze the roles of teachers in relation to the learning interest of fourth-grade students at Al-Khairaat Elementary School Tondo. Results: Using a descriptive qualitative approach involving one homeroom teacher and twenty-eight students, data collected through observation, interviews, and documentation reveal that teachers perform eight key roles: educator, learning resource, guide, classroom manager, demonstrator, motivator, facilitator, and evaluator. Empirical findings indicate that these roles are reflected through exemplary attitudes in teacher–student interactions, the use of instructional media such as videos and educational games, flexible classroom seating arrangements, and simple reward systems to encourage participation. Students showed varied levels of learning interest; however, most demonstrated increased activeness, attention, and enthusiasm when interactive and contextual learning strategies were implemented. Novelty: This study provides a contextual description of how the homeroom teacher’s multiple roles operate simultaneously in classroom practice to support student engagement. Implications: The findings suggest that adaptive and sustained implementation of teacher roles can serve as a practical strategy to cultivate elementary students’ learning interest according to classroom characteristics. Highlights • Classroom practice demonstrates eight integrated instructional roles performed by homeroom teachers.• Interactive strategies using media, contextual explanation, and rewards encourage student participation.• Student engagement increases when learning activities involve active interaction and contextual tasks. Keywords Teacher Roles; Learning Interest; Elementary Education; Classroom Learning; Student Engagement
Comparative Study Between Global and Local Gamma Index for Evaluating Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) for Prostate Cancer Mustafa I. Ahmed Aldulaimy; Ahmed Suhail
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13697

Abstract

General Background: Prostate cancer is a major malignancy among men, and Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) is widely used in radiotherapy to deliver precise radiation doses while protecting surrounding organs at risk. Specific Background: The gamma index is commonly applied in radiotherapy quality assurance to evaluate agreement between planned and delivered dose distributions using global and local calculation methods. Knowledge Gap: However, uncertainty remains regarding which gamma index method provides more reliable verification for VMAT prostate cancer treatment. Aims: This study compares global and local gamma index approaches in evaluating VMAT treatment plans. Results: A prospective study involving 30 prostate cancer patients showed that VMAT achieved high tumour coverage (V98% = 97.03%) with minimal dose spread (V5% = 0.35%). The global gamma index consistently produced higher pass rates than the local gamma index across verification criteria (3%/3 mm: 0.95 vs 0.92; 2%/2 mm: 0.93 vs 0.81; 1%/1 mm: 0.69 vs 0.60) with significant differences. Novelty: The study provides comparative evidence of global and local gamma index performance in VMAT verification. Implications: The findings support the global g Highlights:• Vmat Planning Achieved High Target Coverage With V98% Reaching 97.03%.• Global Gamma Evaluation Produced Consistently Higher Pass Rates Across All Verification Criteria.• Significant Statistical Differences Observed Between Global and Local Dose Agreement Metrics. Keywords: Prostate Cancer, Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy, Gamma Index, Radiotherapy Quality Assurance, Dose Verification
Grammatical Mechanisms of Pragmatization in Russian and Uzbek Phraseology: Mekanisme Gramatikal dalam Pragmatisasi Unit Fraseologis Rusia dan Uzbek Abdukarim S. Musaev
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13705

Abstract

General Background: In contemporary linguistics, phraseological units are regarded as complex symbolic constructions where lexical meaning, cultural symbolism, and grammatical organization interact within a cognitive-pragmatic framework. Specific Background: Although extensive research has addressed the semantic and conceptual dimensions of phraseology, the grammatical dimension of pragmatic functioning, particularly in comparative perspective, remains underexplored. Knowledge Gap: The role of grammatical categories in activating the pragmatic potential of phraseological units in Russian and Uzbek has not been sufficiently systematized, especially regarding their contribution to illocutionary force, evaluative orientation, and communicative effect. Aims: This study aims to identify and describe grammatical mechanisms of pragmatization in Russian and Uzbek phraseology and to determine their role in shaping communicative meaning. Results: The findings demonstrate that grammatical categories such as person, number, modality, tense, and syntactic configuration operate as regulatory instruments of pragmatic actualization. Grammatical variation modifies illocutionary status, redistributes subject roles, adjusts categoricality, and intensifies evaluative and expressive components without destroying idiomatic identity. Comparative analysis shows that both languages employ similar cognitive-pragmatic mechanisms, despite differences in linguistic realization. Novelty: The study systematizes grammatical pragmatization as a dynamic and regulatory level of phraseological functioning in a cross-linguistic perspective. Implications: The results contribute to cognitive linguistics, comparative phraseology, and pragmatics by clarifying how grammar structures communicative strategies and pragmatic interpretation in discourse. Highlights• Person and number variation restructures discourse roles and communicative perspective.• Modal and syntactic transformation modifies illocutionary status and categoricality.• Cross-linguistic comparison reveals shared cognitive-pragmatic patterns with distinct linguistic realization. KeywordsGrammatical Pragmatization; Phraseological Units; Cognitive Pragmatics; Illocutionary Force; Russian And Uzbek Languages
Analysis of the Reality of Fiscal Discipline in Iraq for the Period (2014-2024) Harith Raheem Atiyah Yas
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13728

Abstract

General Background: Fiscal discipline constitutes a fundamental pillar of macroeconomic stability, ensuring balance between public revenues and expenditures while safeguarding fiscal sustainability. Specific Background: During 2014–2024, Iraq’s public finances were shaped by excessive reliance on oil revenues, security shocks, oil price volatility, and expansionary expenditure patterns. Knowledge Gap: Despite Iraq’s substantial oil wealth, limited empirical synthesis has examined the structural gap between fiscal potential and actual fiscal performance using integrated indicators of budget deficit, public debt, expenditure ratios, and tax revenues. Aims: This study analyzes the reality of fiscal discipline in Iraq over the period 2014–2024 and evaluates its role in explaining persistent budget deficits, rising public debt, and weak revenue diversification. Results: The findings confirm a structural imbalance characterized by recurrent deficits exceeding international benchmarks in several years, public debt ratios reaching critical levels, government expenditure consistently surpassing the 30% safety threshold of GDP, dominance of current over investment spending, and marginal tax contributions rarely exceeding 2% of GDP. Fiscal performance remained highly procyclical, expanding during oil booms and deteriorating during shocks, thereby reinforcing financial fragility. Novelty: The study provides a comprehensive indicator-based assessment linking fiscal rules, expenditure structure, debt dynamics, and revenue composition within a unified analytical framework for Iraq. Implications: Achieving fiscal sustainability requires expenditure rationalization, strengthening non-oil revenues, institutionalizing fiscal rules, and adopting structural reforms to reduce oil dependency and restore long-term macroeconomic stability. Highlights: Recurrent Imbalances Were Closely Tied to Oil Price Volatility and Security Shocks. Government Spending Frequently Exceeded Internationally Accepted Safety Ratios Relative to GDP. Non-Oil Revenue Mobilization Remained Structurally Weak Despite Periods of Revenue Expansion. Keywords: Fiscal Discipline; Budget Deficit; Public Debt; Oil Revenue Dependency; Fiscal Sustainability
Developing Puzzle-Based Magic Box Media For Descriptive Writing Skills Of 5th Grade Elementary School Students: Pengembangan Media Magic Box Berbasis Puzzle Pada Keterampilan Menulis Deskripsi Siswa Kelas 5 Sekolah Dasar Sartika Defianty; Muhammad Akhir; Tarman A. Arif
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13749

Abstract

General Background: Literacy development in elementary education requires innovative instructional media that support students in developing language skills, particularly descriptive writing. Specific Background: In many elementary classrooms, descriptive writing instruction remains dominated by conventional teaching methods with limited use of engaging learning media, which results in low student motivation and difficulty in generating ideas and organizing descriptive texts. Knowledge Gap: Existing studies have utilized puzzle or magic box media separately, yet limited research integrates both approaches into a single manipulative learning medium designed to guide the stages of descriptive writing. Aims: This study aims to develop and examine the prototype, validity, practicality, and effectiveness of puzzle-based Magic Box media for improving descriptive writing skills of fifth-grade elementary school students at SD Inpres Bonto-Bonto, Indonesia. Results: Using a Research and Development approach with the Four-D model (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate), the developed media achieved high validity scores from media experts (93% and 81%) and material experts (96% and 80%). Practicality results showed learning implementation of 97%, teacher responses of 100%, and student responses averaging 99%. Effectiveness results indicated improved descriptive writing performance with an average score of 87 in limited trials and 88.44 in extensive trials, with all students achieving learning completion. Novelty: The innovation lies in integrating layered puzzles and QR Codes within a single manipulative medium that guides students from observation and vocabulary selection to sentence and paragraph construction. Implications: The puzzle-based Magic Box provides an interactive, structured, and hybrid learning medium that supports descriptive writing development, student engagement, and integrated digital literacy in elementary education. Highlights• Integrates layered puzzle activities with QR-based digital resources in a single manipulative learning medium.• Demonstrates high feasibility with expert validation scores above eighty percent across design and material aspects.• Produces strong student performance outcomes with complete learning mastery in classroom trials. KeywordsPuzzle-Based Magic Box; Descriptive Writing Skills; Elementary School Students; Instructional Media Development; Four-D Model
The Aesthetics of Artistic Imagery in the Wisdom of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) in Nahj al-Balagha Maitham Razzaq Jabbar al-Zurfi
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13750

Abstract

General Background: Artistic imagery is a central element of rhetoric that translates abstract thought into perceptible expression within Arabic literary tradition. Specific Background: In Nahj al-Balagha, the wisdom of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) presents a distinctive rhetorical model grounded in figurative and sensory representation. Knowledge Gap: Despite previous rhetorical studies, limited research has examined the aesthetic structure and integrated functions of artistic imagery in his aphoristic rulings through a focused descriptive-analytical approach. Aims: This study analyzes the composition, types, and aesthetic, semantic, and persuasive roles of artistic imagery in Imam Ali’s wisdom. Results: The analysis shows that simile, metaphor, metonymy, allegory, and sensory, mental, and kinetic imagery embody moral and philosophical meanings in concrete forms, creating a unified expressive system that combines beauty, intellectual depth, and value-oriented guidance. Novelty: The study demonstrates that artistic imagery constitutes the structural core of Imam Ali’s rhetoric through an organic unity between form and ethical content. Implications: The findings position Nahj al-Balagha as a complex literary and rhetorical model for aesthetic and critical studies in Arabic and Islamic literature. Highlights • Identifies sensory and cognitive figurations as structural components of aphoristic discourse.• Demonstrates integration of moral philosophy with figurative composition.• Establishes proverbial sayings as a comprehensive rhetorical system. Keywords Artistic Imagery; Rhetorical Aesthetics; Nahj Al-Balagha; Imam Ali; Arabic Literature
The Impact Of Technological Advancements In Radiology And Ultrasound Equipment And Banking Innovation On Improving The Efficiency Of Healthcare Investment : A Proposed Analytical Framework For Applied And Financial Sciences Suad Hashim Rahi
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13760

Abstract

General Background: Healthcare systems increasingly require alignment between technological modernization and financial mechanisms to support sustainable investment management. Specific Background: This study examines technological advancements in radiology and ultrasound equipment together with banking innovation as complementary dimensions within Iraqi healthcare institutions. Knowledge Gap: Previous studies addressed technological development and financial innovation separately, while analytical models integrating both applied medical and financial perspectives remain limited. Aims: The research aims to construct and empirically test an analytical framework explaining the relationship between medical technology development, banking innovation, and healthcare investment efficiency. Results: Using a descriptive-analytical approach based on literature review and questionnaire data from 103 healthcare and banking employees analyzed through SPSS and Excel, the findings reveal statistically significant positive relationships among variables, with technological development showing the strongest regression coefficient (β = 0.52) followed by banking innovation (β = 0.39). The combined model explains 64% of the variance in healthcare investment efficiency (R² = 0.64). Novelty: The study introduces an integrated analytical framework linking diagnostic technology modernization with innovative financing mechanisms within a unified applied and financial sciences perspective. Implications: The findings support coordinated technological modernization programs, flexible financing policies, and expanded financial technology adoption to support sustainable healthcare investment and improved resource management in developing healthcare systems. Highlights: Statistical Model Accounted for 64% Variance in Investment Performance Outcomes. Diagnostic Equipment Modernization Showed the Highest Regression Contribution. Survey Responses Demonstrated Strong Cross-Sector Awareness of Technology–Finance Alignment. Keywords: Medical Technology, Banking Innovation, Healthcare Investment Efficiency, Radiology Equipment, Financial Integration
The Relationship Between COVID-19 Severity and Some Diagnostic Methods Alaa A. Saleh; Entiha Abdul-Zahra Abdul-Kareem; Abeer Al Sawafi
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13763

Abstract

General Background: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, presents heterogeneous clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic to severe conditions, necessitating reliable laboratory indicators for clinical stratification. Specific Background: Several diagnostic approaches, including RT-PCR and serological testing, are used to confirm infection; however, additional biomarkers such as IgM, IgG, C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and platelet count have been reported in hospitalized patients. Knowledge Gap: Limited data are available regarding the gradient patterns of serological and inflammatory biomarkers across non-severe and severe COVID-19 groups within a single hospitalized cohort. Aims: This study measured IgM, IgG, CRP, ferritin, ESR, and platelet levels and examined their association with disease severity among 58 RT-PCR–confirmed patients. Results: Non-severe cases constituted 86.21% of patients, while 13.79% were severe. IgM seropositivity was higher than IgG in both groups, reaching 100% in severe cases. IgG positivity increased after the first week of infection and was detected in 83.33% of severe patients. CRP levels were elevated in all non-severe cases, whereas ferritin and ESR were particularly increased in moderate cases. Platelet count, CRP, ferritin, and ESR were significantly higher in the severe group (p<0.05). Age showed a positive correlation with severity (r=0.379). Novelty: The study demonstrates a distinct biomarker gradient linking antibody dynamics and inflammatory indices with clinical severity in a defined hospitalized population. Implications: Combined assessment of IgM, IgG, CRP, ferritin, and ESR may support early risk stratification and clinical decision-making in COVID-19 management. Highlights: • Severe Cases Exhibited Markedly Elevated Crp, Ferritin, Esr, and Platelet Values Compared With Non-Severe Cases.• Igm Seropositivity Exceeded Igg Across Clinical Categories, Reaching Complete Detection in Critical Patients.• Increasing Age Showed a Positive Correlation With Worsening Clinical Classification. Keywords: COVID-19 Severity, Serological Biomarkers, Inflammatory Markers, C-Reactive Protein, Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate
Evaluation of Serum Ferritin and CRP Levels in Children with Bacterial Pneumonia Khansaa Akram Hasan
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13765

Abstract

General Background: Bacterial pneumonia remains a major cause of pediatric morbidity and hospitalization, characterized by systemic inflammatory responses involving acute-phase reactants and iron metabolism. Specific Background: C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum ferritin are recognized inflammatory biomarkers; however, their combined evaluation in pediatric bacterial pneumonia and their association with disease severity and clinical indicators require further clarification. Knowledge Gap: Limited data are available regarding the diagnostic and prognostic relevance of ferritin alongside CRP in children with clinically and radiologically confirmed bacterial pneumonia. Aims: This case–control study aimed to evaluate serum ferritin and CRP levels in 60 children with bacterial pneumonia compared with 40 healthy controls and to determine their relationship with severity classification and clinical parameters. Results: Serum ferritin and CRP levels were significantly higher in pneumonia patients than controls (p < 0.001) and demonstrated a progressive increase from mild to severe cases (p < 0.001). Both biomarkers showed significant positive correlations with body temperature, white blood cell count, and length of hospital stay. Novelty: The study demonstrates a graded rise of ferritin and CRP corresponding to clinical severity categories within a well-defined pediatric cohort. Implications: Combined assessment of ferritin and CRP may support severity stratification, clinical monitoring, and prognostic evaluation in pediatric bacterial pneumonia. Highlights: • Inflammatory Biomarker Concentrations Were Significantly Higher in Affected Children Compared With Matched Healthy Controls.• Progressive Increases Were Observed From Mild to Severe Clinical Classification.• Positive Correlations Were Identified With Fever Intensity, Leukocyte Count, and Hospitalization Duration. Keywords: Bacterial Pneumonia, Serum Ferritin, C Reactive Protein, Pediatric Inflammation, Disease Severity
The Effect of Tourist Patients’ Experience in Marketing the Medical Tourism: An Archetypal Analytical Investigation of Al-Kafeel Hospital in Holy Karbala: Pengaruh Pengalaman Pasien Wisatawan dalam Pemasaran Pariwisata Medis: Investigasi Analitis Arketipe Rumah Sakit Al-Kafeel di Karbala Suci Ali Abbood Awdaa
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13766

Abstract

General Background: Medical tourism represents one of the fastest-growing segments of the global tourism industry, contributing significantly to national economies and healthcare service development. Specific Background: Within this sector, tourist patient experience—shaped by service quality, tourism facilities, and medical services—has become central to marketing strategies and destination competitiveness. Knowledge Gap: Despite extensive discussion on medical tourism attributes, limited empirical evidence clarifies which experiential factors most strongly determine tourist loyalty in emerging destinations such as Holy Karbala. Aims: This study investigates the determinants of tourist loyalty in medical tourism marketing, focusing on the roles of tourist satisfaction, service quality, facilities, and environmental security at Al-Kafeel Hospital. Results: Based on survey data from 580 foreign tourist patients analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), the findings reveal that tourist satisfaction is the strongest predictor of loyalty (β = 0.50; f² = 0.30), followed by service quality (β = 0.35; f² = 0.18) and facilities (β = 0.28). Environmental security shows no statistically significant relationship with loyalty (p = 0.058). The structural model demonstrates strong explanatory power (R² = 0.65), with confirmed reliability and convergent validity (CR > 0.7; AVE > 0.5). Novelty: The study provides an empirically validated structural model highlighting satisfaction as the central construct in medical tourism marketing within a Middle Eastern healthcare context. Implications: The results support prioritizing service quality improvement, facility development, and systematic satisfaction monitoring to strengthen patient retention and strategic marketing performance in medical tourism destinations. Highlights• Patient contentment demonstrates the highest predictive value for repeat visitation and recommendation behavior.• Healthcare and hospitality attributes contribute significantly to behavioral commitment.• The structural model explains 65% of variance in patronage intention. KeywordsMedical Tourism; Tourist Satisfaction; Tourist Loyalty; Service Quality; PLS-SEM

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