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Articles 98 Documents
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Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD): Understanding Its Roots, Impact, and Modern Approaches to Treatment Akram, Muhammad; Umaru, Isaac John; Mahmood, Abid; Hasan, Mohammed Khudhair; Abdulghafoor, Hind A.; Khan, Fahad Said; Ozdemir, Fethi Ahmet; Sołowski, Gaweł; Ali, Jaouher Ben; Al-Musawi, Jehan Mohammed
Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 2 No 2 (2025): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v2i2.5668

Abstract

Chronic worry and anxiety about particular areas of functioning or life shifts Characterizes GAD. Generalized anxiety disorder GAD remains one among the most widespread and enduring forms of anxiety disorder. GAD doesn’t arise out of thin air, but is often associated with deeper, systematic issues at hand. Not only does GAD affect one neurologically, but it impacts their emotional, social, and occupational functionality. Globally, millions face GAD. Furthermore, unlike anxiety regarding day-to-day things, GAD has no identifiable ‘weakness’ that triggers it, making it chronic in nature and extremely hard to control without professional support. In this article, I will aims towards incorporating the important aspects of GAD exploring its headline causes, diagnostic rules, prominent face, and fusion of treatment including modern medicine alongside proactive methods like exercise, psychotherapy, and self-help programs. Primarily focus is laid on CBT alongside mindfulness approaches, innovation due to neurobiology in treatment, and neurobiology’s impact on understanding and eradicating illness.
Association Between Selected Socio-Demographic Characteristics and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Among First-Time Mothers in Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria Desmond, Zaki; S., Hashim Muhammad; G., Samuel-Udofia Cindy; Christian, Oduenyi; A., Karaga Mahmud; A., Iribom Sarratu T.; A., Adegoke Ayobami; M., Jeremiah Hope
Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 2 No 2 (2025): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v2i2.5669

Abstract

Urinary incontinence and other lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are common postpartum complaints that can significantly affect the quality of life of new mothers. Previous researchers have reported the influence of selected sociodemographic factors on LUTS in a general female population and multiparous women. However, there is limited literature on the association between these factors and LUTS among first-time mothers in this part of the world. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the association between body mass index (BMI), age, mode of delivery, and the occurrence of LUTS among first-time mothers in Ogbomoso. Oyo State Nigeria. This cross-sectional survey was conducted among 70 consenting first-time mothers recruited from 3 major hospitals (or ante-natal clinics) in Ogbomoso, Oyo State. A sociodemographic form was used to assess sociodemographic characteristics of participants. Height was measured using a portable stadiometer, while weight was measured using a calibrated digital bathroom scale. The ICIQ-FLUTS, a structured questionnaire was used to assess LUTS among participants, this questionnaire assesses LUTS in three domains - filling, voiding, and incontinence domains. The Chi-square test was used to assess associations between variables, with level of significance set at 0.05. The mean age of participants was 31.26 ± 6.00 years (range: 22–45 years), mean BMI was 25.20 ± 4.21 kg/m² (range: 18.16–36.69 kg/m²), and mean weight was 69.48 ± 11.92 kg (range: 45–100 kg), 65.7% of participants delivered through spontaneous vaginal delivery, while 34.3% underwent cesarean section, and majority of (85.7%) had single births, whereas 14.3% had multiple births. BMI was significantly associated with both filling (χ² = 20.213, p = 0.017) and incontinence symptoms (χ² = 26.773, p = 0.002), but not with voiding symptoms (p = 0.431). No significant associations were observed between LUTS and age, mode of delivery, number of births, educational level, or occupation. A large proportion (75.7%) of the participants reported mild to moderate LUTS in the incontinence domain. Among first-time mothers, elevated BMI is a key risk factor for urinary filling and incontinence symptoms. These findings underscore the importance of incorporating weight management and pelvic floor rehabilitation into postpartum physiotherapy programs. Broader and longitudinal studies are recommended to validate these findings and guide effective intervention strategies.
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD): A Multifactorial Mental Health Crisis and Approaches to Holistic Management Akram, Muhammad; Umaru, Isaac John; Mahmood, Abid; Hasan, Mohammed Khudhair; Abdulghafoor, Hind A.; Khan, Fahad Said; Ozdemir, Fethi Ahmet; Sołowski, Gaweł; Ali, Jaouher Ben; Al-Musawi, Jehan Mohammed
Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 2 No 2 (2025): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v2i2.5670

Abstract

MDD, also known as Major Depressive Disorder, or clinical depression, is one of the most common and debilitating mental illnesses worldwide since it affects a person’s emotional, cognitive, and physiological functioning balance. Sufferers typically experience unrelenting low mood, anhedonia or lack of interest in activities, extreme tiredness, and numerous loopy mental and physical symptoms that negatively affect normal functioning. It’s worth emphasizing that a complex disorder, not solely an emotional state, depression arises as a result of the interplay of genetics, predisposition to the illness, neurobiological underpinnings, psychosocial and environmental stressors, as well as their myriad factors. This paper analyzes the causes, symptoms, diagnostic guidelines, and the most recent methods of treatment available for MDD. Special focus is given to psychotherapy, pharmacologic approaches, lifestyle changes, and the necessity for a holistic approach that integrates all dimensions of patient care.
Modern Microbiology: Exploring Microbial Frontiers in Health, Environment, and Biotechnology Akram, Muhammad; Umaru, Isaac John; Mahmood, Abid; Hasan, Mohammed Khudhair; Abdulghafoor, Hind A.; Khan, Fahad Said; Ozdemir, Fethi Ahmet; Sołowski, Gaweł; Ali, , Jaouher Ben; Al-Musawi, Jehan Mohammed
Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 2 No 2 (2025): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v2i2.5818

Abstract

Microbiology, the study of microscopic organisms including bacteria, viruses, fungi, archaea, and protozoa, remains one of the most dynamic and transformative disciplines in modern science. It is foundational to understanding diverse biological systems, from molecular genetics to ecosystem function, and is integral to advancements in biotechnology, medicine, and environmental science. The field has expanded significantly with the advent of molecular biology and omics technologies, enabling precise exploration of microbial genetics, physiology, and metabolic networks. Microorganisms, while recognized as agents of disease, are also vital for global biogeochemical cycles, nutrient turnover, and ecological resilience. Recent decades have seen a surge in interest driven by the emergence of antibiotic resistance, the global burden of infectious diseases, and the need to decode host microbe interactions. Innovations such as next generation sequencing, metagenomics, and single cell analysis have redefined microbial ecology by revealing the complexity and ubiquity of unculturable microbial communities across environments—from the human gut microbiota to extreme ecosystems like deep sea hydrothermal vents. Simultaneously, the rise of synthetic biology and microbial bioengineering has paved the way for novel applications in sustainable energy, environmental remediation, and industrial biotechnology. Particularly, the human microbiome has emerged as a frontier linking microbial diversity to immunity, metabolic health, and neurodevelopmental outcomes. As microbiology increasingly converges with computational biology, nanotechnology, and systems medicine, it is poised to offer transformative solutions to global challenges in health, food security, and environmental sustainability. This overview synthesizes the current landscape of microbiological research, spotlighting core concepts and emerging directions that define the field’s evolution.
Effects of Climate Variability on Malaria Prevalence in Bauchi Local Government Area, Bauchi State, Nigeria Abdulsalam, Mohammed; Abdullahi, Ahmed C.; Abdulkareem, Jamil Hassan; Sadiq, Malam Lukman S.
Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 2 No 2 (2025): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v2i2.5930

Abstract

This study examined the impact of climate variability on malaria prevalence in Bauchi Local Government Area, Nigeria, using a retrospective survey design. Archival data on climate variables, temperature (maximum and minimum), rainfall, and relative humidity, were obtained from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), while epidemiological records of malaria cases were sourced from the Bauchi State Agency for the Control of HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria (BACATMA), as well as from international databases including WHO, IPCC, and WMO. Data covering the period from 2008 to 2018 were analyzed using descriptive statistics, trend analysis, and Pearson’s correlation, implemented through SPSS version 26 and XLSTAT 2017. Trend analyses revealed notable climate variability, with annual rainfall peaking at 1301.83 mm in 2012 and reaching a low of 761.95 mm in 2016. Maximum temperatures ranged from 24.5°C in 2008 to 30.1°C in 2018, while relative humidity fluctuated between 52.5% in 2008 and 37.3% in 2018. Malaria cases exhibited a sharp increase from 2015, peaking in 2016 (291,607 cases), with consistently high figures in 2017 and 2018. Correlation analysis found no statistically significant relationship between malaria prevalence and rainfall (r = –0.050, p = 0.566), minimum temperature (r = 0.114, p = 0.194), or relative humidity (r = –0.080, p = 0.361). However, a strong positive and statistically significant correlation was observed between malaria prevalence and maximum temperature (r = 0.974, p = 0.030). These findings suggest that maximum temperature is a key climatic driver of malaria transmission in the region, highlighting the need for climate-informed disease surveillance and control strategies.
Epidemiological Serosurvey of Hepatitis C Virus Infection Among Apparently Healthy Individuals in Jos North, Plateau State, Nigeria Frama, Ishaku; Zakka, Sheyin; Isa, Bigwan Emmanuel; Jiking, Gutau Fipo; Victoria, Ishaya
Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 2 No 2 (2025): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v2i2.5932

Abstract

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection poses a persistent global public health challenge due to its high transmissibility, potential for chronic progression, and association with severe hepatic complications such as liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Despite its clinical relevance, HCV remains underdiagnosed and underreported in Jos North, Plateau State, Nigeria, where asymptomatic carriers often remain unaware of their infection status. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of HCV among apparently healthy individuals in Jos North and to identify associated sociodemographic and behavioural risk factors. Ethical approval was obtained from the Plateau State Ministry of Health. A total of 180 eligible participants were recruited, and venous blood samples (5 mL) were collected aseptically from the antecubital vein. Anti-HCV antibodies were screened using rapid immunochromatographic assay kits (Labtrust, UK) and confirmed using ELISA kits (Qingdao Hightop Biotech, China). Sociodemographic and risk factor data were collected via structured questionnaires. Statistical analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS version 27, with significance set at p ≤ 0.05. Results showed a seroprevalence rate of 5.0% (9/180), with slightly higher prevalence in females (5.4%) than males (4.3%), although this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.524). The age group 51–65 years exhibited the highest prevalence (7.5%), followed by those aged 41–50 years (6.3%), with no significant association between age and HCV positivity (p = 0.731). The findings underscore the presence of silent HCV infection in the population and call for expanded screening, public health education, and the implementation of free routine testing in government health facilities to mitigate transmission and late-stage complications.
Isolation and Identification of Microorganisms Associated With Yoghurt Enriched With Coconut Milk During Refrigerated Storage Obasi, Blessing Chidi; Uluocha, Blessing Emmanuel
Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 2 No 2 (2025): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v2i2.6139

Abstract

Current trends and evolving consumer preferences present significant opportunities for innovation in fermented dairy products. This study investigated the microbial flora associated with yoghurt enriched with coconut milk during refrigerated storage. Yoghurt samples were produced by blending 800 g of reconstituted powdered cow milk with six litres of water, followed by the addition of coconut milk in varying proportions (10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%), alongside a control sample made with 100% cow milk. After fermentation, all samples were stored under refrigeration for two weeks. Microbiological analysis showed no bacterial growth at week zero in any sample. However, viable bacterial counts emerged in weeks one and two, ranging from 3.0×10³ to 5.0×10³ cfu/ml and 5.3×10³ to 11.2×10³ cfu/ml, respectively. Yeast and mold counts ranged from 2.6×10³ to 4.0×10³ cfu/ml in week one and 3.6×10³ to 5.8×10³ cfu/ml in week two. Coliform bacteria were not detected in any sample throughout the storage period. Bacterial isolates identified included Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter aerogenes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Fungal isolates comprised Aspergillus spp., Fusarium spp., Candida spp., and Saccharomyces spp. The study concludes that yoghurt enriched with coconut milk can serve as a vehicle for probiotic delivery, offering enhanced nutritional benefits and contributing to consumer health and well-being.
Toxicological Evaluation of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Phyllanthus niruri in Wistar Rats Ahmed, Maryam Usman; Ijimari, Thomas Martin; Anthony, William; Etuk, Idongesit; Abdulfatai, Ayinla Abayomi
Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 2 No 2 (2025): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v2i2.6145

Abstract

Natural products have long been used as therapeutic agents; however, many lack comprehensive scientific evaluation of their toxicity. This study investigates the potential toxicity of Phyllanthus niruri (P. niruri) aqueous leaf extract in Wistar rats. Twenty-five male albino rats were randomly divided into five groups of five animals each. Groups 2 through 5 received daily oral doses of 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg body weight of the extract, respectively, while Group 1 served as the control and received only grower mash and distilled water for 28 days. Toxicological assessment was conducted through hematological profiling and evaluation of liver and kidney function using standard biochemical methods. The results indicated a significant, dose-dependent increase (p<0.05) in the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), suggesting hepatic stress. In contrast, albumin, creatinine, and urea levels did not differ significantly (p<0.05) from the control group, indicating no observable impairment in renal function. Hematological analysis revealed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in packed cell volume (PCV) and red blood cell (RBC) count, while white blood cell (WBC) count, hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) significantly increased with higher extract doses. These findings suggest that while P. niruri is traditionally regarded as a natural remedy, its aqueous leaf extract may induce hematological and hepatic alterations at elevated doses. Caution is therefore advised in its use, particularly in unregulated or prolonged applications.
Genetics of Quantitative Phenotype of African Fan Shrimp (Atya gabonensis) from Lower River Benue, Makurdi, Nigeria Using Principal Component Analysis Mamndeyati, Uruku Ndekimbe; Rose, Ameh Oyibinga; Solomon, Gabriel Shola
Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 2 No 2 (2025): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v2i2.6247

Abstract

The African fan shrimp (Atya gabonensis), a non-clawed, filter-feeding decapod of ecological and nutritional importance, remains understudied regarding its population structure and phenotypic variability in Nigerian freshwater ecosystems. This study assessed quantitative phenotypic traits and inferred population structure of A. gabonensis from the Lower River Benue, Makurdi, Nigeria, using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). One hundred adult specimens were measured for 14 morphometric traits, including total length, carapace dimensions, and abdominal parameters. After standardizing data via allometric transformation, PCA was performed to identify key contributors to phenotypic variation. Data suitability was confirmed (KMO = 0.73, Bartlett’s test p < 0.001). The first four principal components, with eigenvalues greater than one, explained 75.65% of total variance. PC1 (32.31%) was dominated by total length, standard length, and body weight, reflecting overall body size. PC2 (19.91%) emphasized carapace and abdominal length, indicating internal body capacity variation. PC3 (11.89%) and PC4 (11.54%) represented differences in gut and carapace width, respectively, suggesting morphological variation linked to environmental adaptation or sexual dimorphism. These morphometric patterns reveal significant phenotypic variability within the population, providing insights into potential genetic divergence and local adaptation. The findings offer foundational data to support species management, aquaculture development, and conservation strategies. This study demonstrates the efficacy of PCA in elucidating key phenotypic traits and highlights the value of integrating morphometric and genetic analyses for comprehensive crustacean stock assessments.
The Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Mental and Physical Health Akram, Muhammad; Umaru, Isaac John; Aslam, Nosheen; Hasan, Mohammed Khudhair; Abdulghafoor, Hind A.; Khan, Fahad Said; Ozdemir, Fethi Ahmet; Sołowski, Gaweł; Rashid, Abid; Al-Musawi, Jehan Mohammed; Mahmood, Abid
Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 2 No 2 (2025): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v2i2.6248

Abstract

Sleep is a complex, restorative, and multi-stage process essential for maintaining physical health, emotional regulation, and cognitive functioning. Beyond mere rest, sleep supports vital biological functions that sustain overall well-being. However, in today’s fast-paced society, social interactions, work demands, and excessive screen time frequently take precedence over adequate sleep, leading to widespread sleep deficiency. This phenomenon, commonly referred to as sleep deprivation, is increasingly prevalent, particularly in developing countries where technological advancement, occupational pressures, and lifestyle factors disrupt natural sleep-wake cycles. This article examines the causes and consequences of insufficient sleep, exploring the underlying biological mechanisms and their impact on cardiovascular health, immune system function, mental health, memory, and quality of life. Additionally, it underscores the importance of proper sleep hygiene and presents strategies to improve sleep patterns across all age groups, aiming to mitigate the adverse effects of sleep loss and promote holistic health.

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