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INDONESIA
International Journal of Social and Education (INJOSEDU)
Published by CV. Adiba Aisha Amira
ISSN : -     EISSN : 30476151     DOI : Zenodo
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International Journal of Social and Education (INJOSEDU) is a journal that deals with social, cultural, economic, political and educational issues. Education covers all kinds of fields of education, in the sphere of family, school, and even higher education. The field of education is not confined to either general education or special education, as is the case with the social sphere.
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Articles 277 Documents
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HARMONISATION OF REGULATIONS ON CROSS-BORDER RECEIVABLES IN INDONESIA IN AN EFFORT TO ACHIEVE LEGAL CERTAINTY AND PROTECTION FOR BUSINESS ACTORS Arthur Daley; Januar Agung Saputera
INJOSEDU: International Journal of Social and Education Vol. 2 No. 8 (2025)
Publisher : Adisam Publisher

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This research examines the urgency of harmonizing cross-border factoring regulations in Indonesia in response to the dynamics of economic globalization and the need for legal certainty for business actors. Factoring has emerged as a strategic financing instrument, playing a significant role in maintaining cash flow stability, fostering MSME growth, and providing alternative funding sources, including through cross-border schemes. However, Indonesia has yet to establish a comprehensive legal framework governing such practices, resulting in legal uncertainty and potential disputes. Employing a normative juridical method with a statutory and comparative law approach, this research contrasts domestic regulations with legal practices in Singapore, Malaysia, and the Philippines. These countries have adopted adaptive legal models, including the implementation of the UNIDROIT Model Law on Factoring. In Indonesia, factoring practices are still based on the principle of freedom of contract under Article 1338 of the Civil Code, which, while offering flexibility, fails to provide standardized legal norms, thereby contributing to uncertainty and weakening competitiveness. The absence of specific regulations places Indonesia at a disadvantage in creating a conducive legal climate for international business actors. This study recommends the formulation of national regulations aligned with international legal principles to promote an inclusive, transparent, and globally competitive financing system. Harmonizing regulations is expected to enhance investor confidence and provide legal protection for all parties involved in cross-border factoring transactions.
MADRASAH STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE “LOVE CURRICULUM” AS CHARACTER EDUCATION IN BANTEN PROVINCE Rahimah Rahimah
INJOSEDU: International Journal of Social and Education Vol. 2 No. 9 (2025): International Journal of Social and Education (INJOSEDU)
Publisher : Adisam Publisher

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This study aims to describe madrasah students’ perceptions in Serang regarding implementing the Love Curriculum initiated by the Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia. The Love Curriculum is an educational approach that emphasizes inculcating values such as compassion, tolerance, empathy, and patriotism in the learning process. The research employed a quantitative method with a survey approach. The sample consisted of 100 randomly selected madrasah students in Serang City. The data collection instrument was a closed-ended questionnaire developed based on students’ perception indicators across four main aspects: love for God, love for others, love for the environment, and love for the homeland. The collected data were analyzed quantitatively and descriptively using percentages and averages. The findings indicate that the majority of students hold positive perceptions toward the implementation of the Love Curriculum in their madrasahs, particularly in the aspects of fostering tolerance and social concern. However, strengthening love for the environment still needs to be improved through learning activities and practical engagement within the school setting. These findings will provide insights for madrasahs and the Ministry of Religious Affairs in formulating more humanistic and inclusive learning policies.
ASAH, ASIH, ASUH AS A PARENTING FRAMEWORK: DEVELOPMENT OF APSYCHOLOGICAL INSTRUMENT Yuarini Wahyu Pertiwi; Yulia Fitriani
INJOSEDU: International Journal of Social and Education Vol. 2 No. 8 (2025)
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This study developed and validated a parenting instrument based on the Indonesian cultural framework of Asah, Asih, Asuh, originally articulated by Ki Hajar Dewantara, as an alternative to Western-derived measures. The theoretical foundation integrates the paradigm shift from behaviorism to attachment theory, typologies of parenting styles, and the need for balanced cognitive stimulation, emotional affection, and physical care. A quantitative approach using PLS-SEM (SmartPLS) was conducted with 415 participants aged 7–25 years. The initial item pool was derived from three dimensions, Asah (learning stimulation and values), Asih (emotional affection and attachment), and Asuh (physical provision and protection) structured on a Likert scale and reviewed by experts. Measurement model evaluation included convergent validity, discriminant validity, and internal reliability, while the structural model was assessed using R² and Q². Results indicated that 27 items met psychometric standards with outer loadings ≥ 0.70, AVE ranging from 0.61–0.65, composite reliability of 0.88–0.90, and Cronbach’s alpha between 0.84–0.86. Discriminant validity was supported by both Fornell–Larcker criteria and cross-loadings, and the model demonstrated predictive relevance (Q² > 0). Among the three dimensions, Asih exhibited the strongest reliability, underscoring the centrality of emotional support in the Indonesian cultural context. Developmental group analysis revealed age-related shifts consistent with theory: Asuh predominated among elementary school children, Asah among junior high students, and Asih among senior high school and university students. Gender differences were also evident, with females emphasizing Asih and males scoring relatively higher on Asuh. In conclusion, the Asah, Asih, Asuh construct demonstrates validity and reliability as a holistic parenting framework. Practically, the instrument is applicable for school counseling assessments, educational psychology research, family law considerations, and child protection policy planning. Recommendations include replication across regions, testing for measurement invariance, and the development of normative data by age and gender to enhance precision and applicability across diverse service settings.
THE ROLE OF SPIRITUALITY AND RELIGION IN PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL HEALTH OF WOMEN IN NIGERIA Adaobi Jennifer Iloakasia
INJOSEDU: International Journal of Social and Education Vol. 2 No. 8 (2025)
Publisher : Adisam Publisher

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For many women in Nigeria, spirituality and religion are part of daily life and well-being. They bring comfort, ease stress, and encourage healthy living. In places where healthcare is not readily available, faith often fills the gap—making it a powerful source of support for both mind and body. This study was therefore framed within the Health Belief Model (HBM) and Pargament's Theory of Religious Coping to explored the role of spirituality and religion in the psychological and physical health of women in Nigeria. A descriptive survey design was used, and data were gathered through a self-developed online questionnaire that focused on four key areas: spirituality, religious involvement, psychological health, and physical health. The instrument was reviewed and validated by three experts in Educational Psychology, Guidance and Counselling, and Measurement and Evaluation to ensure its clarity and relevance. Its reliability was confirmed using Cronbach’s alpha, with a reliability coefficient of 0.77, 0.81, 0.92 and 0.88 respectively for spirituality, religious involvement, psychological health, and physical health clusters, indicating a high level of internal consistency. The questionnaire was distributed over a two-week period through women-focused social media groups, and a total of 400 completed responses were received. The data were then analyzed using descriptive statistics and correlation analysis. The findings showed that out of 400 women, most were single (47.3%), married (27.0%), widowed (20.3%), or divorced (5.5%). The mean scores for spirituality (3.17), religious involvement (3.19), psychological health (3.02), and physical health (3.08) were high. Strong positive correlations were found between all variables, especially between religious involvement and physical health (r = 0.822). ANOVA results confirmed that spirituality significantly predicts psychological (F = 122.28) and physical health (F = 316.46), while including religious involvement further strengthened these effects (F = 139.38, 877.78). Regression models showed that both spirituality and religious involvement positively influence women's health outcomes, with religious involvement having a stronger impact on physical health. Based on these results, the study recommended that health and wellness programs aimed at women in Nigeria should take spiritual and religious factors into account, especially within culturally sensitive frameworks. 
PATIENT SAFETY CULTURE IN HOSPITALS: A LITERATURE REVIEW ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SAFETY STANDARDS, ACCOUNTABILITY, AND LEGAL PROTECTION FOR PATIENTS AND MEDICAL PERSONNEL Hotmaria Hertawaty Sijabat; Gunawan Widjaja
INJOSEDU: International Journal of Social and Education Vol. 2 No. 8 (2025)
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Patient safety culture in hospitals is a very important aspect in ensuring the quality and safety of health services. This study is a literature review that aims to analyse the implementation of patient safety standards, the responsibilities of hospitals and medical personnel, and legal protection for patients and medical personnel. Data was obtained through a review of literature from scientific journals, books, and relevant laws and regulations. The results of the study show that the implementation of safety standards such as patient identification, effective communication, safe use of medicines, infection prevention, and fall risk management still faces various obstacles, including organisational culture and resource constraints. In addition, legal responsibility for hospitals and medical personnel is crucial in maintaining fairness and professionalism, while adequate legal protection is a prerequisite for creating a safe working environment and supporting incident reporting. This study emphasises that the synergy between the implementation of standards, legal responsibility, and legal protection is the main foundation for building a sustainable patient safety culture. These findings can be used as a basis for further policy development and empirical research in the context of healthcare in Indonesia and other countries.
INDONESIA LAW REPORT (ILR) AS A PLATFORM FOR PUBLISHING SUPREME COURT JURISPRUDENCE: A LITERATURE REVIEW OF ITS ROLE IN COLLECTING, SELECTING, AND PUBLISHING NEW LEGAL FINDINGS RELEVANT TO THE NEEDS OF TODAY'S SOCIETY Sendi Sanjaya SH; Gunawan Widjaja
INJOSEDU: International Journal of Social and Education Vol. 2 No. 8 (2025)
Publisher : Adisam Publisher

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The Indonesia Law Report (ILR) is the Supreme Court's official platform that functions as a medium for collecting, selecting, and publishing jurisprudential decisions that contain new and important legal discoveries. This study uses a literature review method to examine the role of the ILR in developing a systematic storage of jurisprudence, gathering strategic decisions, and disseminating legal information relevant to the needs of today's society. The results of the study show that ILR contributes greatly to improving accessibility, transparency, and legal education for legal practitioners, academics, and the general public. With regular publications and digital presentation, ILR facilitates the adjustment of law to social dynamics and technological developments in an effective and responsive manner. The existence of ILR strengthens the quality and accountability of the judicial process and supports sustainable legal reform in Indonesia.
HOSPITAL SERVICE ETHICS AND CULTURE: PATIENT AND EMPLOYEE SAFETY PROTECTION BASED ON THE CODE OF ETHICS, CULTURAL VALUES, AND HEALTH LAWS – LITERATURE REVIEW Hotmaria Hertawaty Sijabat; Gunawan Widjaja
INJOSEDU: International Journal of Social and Education Vol. 2 No. 8 (2025)
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This study aims to examine the role of hospital service ethics and culture in protecting patient and employee safety based on professional codes of ethics, organisational cultural values, and applicable health regulations. Using a Systematic Literature Review approach, this study examines various national and international literature from the last ten years related to patient safety, safety culture, and health worker protection. The results of the study show that patient safety is greatly influenced by the application of professional ethical principles, particularly in respecting patient rights, implementing informed consent, and organisational culture that encourages transparency, communication, and incident reporting. On the other hand, the protection of hospital employees is closely related to a healthy organisational culture, ethical leadership, and the implementation of labour and occupational health regulations to ensure physical and psychological safety. The integration of ethics, culture, and law was found to be the main strategy capable of bridging the gap between theory and practice in the field. This study emphasises that strengthening hospital management's commitment to the code of ethics, internalising a culture of safety, and complying with health laws are the foundations for creating a safe, fair, and sustainable service environment for both patients and employees.
EXPLORING THE CONVERGENCE OF IOT AND SMART HOME TECHNOLOGIES: A LITERATURE REVIEW OF INTEGRATION AND INNOVATION PATHWAYS Mira Wellya Fatma; Maresa Prasafitri; Al Amin
INJOSEDU: International Journal of Social and Education Vol. 2 No. 8 (2025)
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This study aims to explore the convergence of Internet of Things (IoT) and smart home technologies through a systematic literature review. The main objective is to identify key integration frameworks, interoperability challenges, security and privacy issues, and emerging innovation pathways that shape the evolution of IoT-based smart home ecosystems. Design/Methodology/Approach – A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach was employed following the PRISMA protocol. Academic publications indexed in Scopus, IEEE Xplore, and ScienceDirect from 2013 to 2024 were systematically screened. Inclusion criteria focused on studies addressing IoT-smart home integration, interoperability, efficiency, security, and innovation. Data were analyzed qualitatively using thematic content analysis to extract major research themes and identify research gaps. Findings –The review identifies four dominant research themes: (1) Architectural integration leveraging sensing, networking, and application layers with cloud and edge computing; (2) Interoperability challenges due to fragmented platforms and lack of global standards; (3) Security and privacy concerns involving data breaches, unauthorized access, and system vulnerabilities; and (4) Technological innovation driven by Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), blockchain, and 5G technologies. Despite significant progress, the literature highlights the need for adaptive integration frameworks, AI-based security mechanisms, and empirical evaluation of hybrid IoT–AI–Blockchain systems. Originality/Value – This study provides a comprehensive synthesis of recent advances in IoT-smart home research, mapping existing frameworks and identifying unresolved issues. It contributes to the body of knowledge by offering a conceptual foundation for future interdisciplinary research, practical implementation strategies, and policy development for secure, efficient, and user-centric smart home ecosystems.
HARMONISATION AND LEGAL CHALLENGES OF AGREEMENTS IN INDONESIA: STRENGTHENING ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, GLOBAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, AND DIGITAL ADAPTATION IN THE CONTEXT OF NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL LEGAL SYNCHRONISATION – A LITERATURE REVIEW Gunawan Widjaja
INJOSEDU: International Journal of Social and Education Vol. 2 No. 8 (2025)
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This study examines the harmonisation and challenges faced by treaty law in Indonesia in two main areas, namely environmental protection and global resource management, as well as the adaptation of treaty law in the digital era. Using a systematic literature review method, this study analyses various national and international legal instruments that play a role in synergising Indonesian legal regulations with global standards. The results of the study show that there are gaps in implementation and regulation that have resulted in suboptimal environmental protection and resource management, as well as digital law adaptation still facing regulatory and law enforcement obstacles. The study recommends the need for responsive regulatory revisions, institutional strengthening, and active legal diplomacy to ensure effective synchronisation of national and international laws for the sake of sustainable development and Indonesia's legal competitiveness in the global arena.
THE DYNAMICS OF DRAFTING AND REVISING LEGISLATION IN INDONESIA: RESPONDING TO SOCIAL, ECONOMIC, AND TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGES THROUGH A PARTICIPATORY AND CONSTITUTIONAL APPROACH – A LITERATURE REVIEW Gunawan Widjaja
INJOSEDU: International Journal of Social and Education Vol. 2 No. 8 (2025)
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This study discusses the dynamics of drafting and revising legislation in Indonesia, emphasising the importance of regulations that are responsive to social, economic, and technological changes. Through a literature review, this study shows that non-adaptive regulations often lag behind the realities of society, creating a gap between legal norms and public needs. On the other hand, accelerated legislation without in-depth review can lead to controversy and public resistance, as seen in various cases of important law formation in Indonesia over the past two decades. This study emphasises that responsive regulations do not only depend on temporal aspects, namely the speed of responding to change, but also substantive aspects, namely the compatibility between the content of the law and public interests, principles of justice, and global developments. A participatory approach provides space for the public to be involved in every stage of legislation, while constitutional principles ensure that legislation is in line with the basic values of the 1945 Constitution, upholding the protection of human rights, legal certainty, and social justice. The results of the study confirm that the success of legislation in Indonesia is determined by the ability to integrate regulatory responsiveness with substantive public participation and respect for constitutionalism. With a legislative model that is increasingly open, inclusive, and adaptive, it is hoped that Indonesia will be able to build a legal system that is relevant, legitimate, and capable of facing the challenges of globalisation and technological transformation without sacrificing democratic stability.

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