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Agroindustrial Technology Journal (ATJ)
Published by Universitas Darussalam Gontor
ISSN : 25990799     EISSN : 25989480     DOI : https://doi.org/10.21111/atj
Core Subject :
1 Process and Engineering Technology of Agroindustry a) Food technology b) Machinery and equipments c) Waste handling and process 2 System and Management of Agroindustry a) Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs) productivity and process design b) Technopreneurship development c) Product development strategies d) Supply chain management 3 Halal Agroindustry a) Halal agroindustrial product and processes b) Halal supply chain management
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 101 Documents
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Design of a Model Predictive Control for Speed Control of a Motor Drive System in an Electric Oil Palm Cutter Indra Ferdiansyah; Fifi Hesty Sholihah; Gigih Prabowo; Era Purwanto; Hairul Faizi Hairulnizam
Agroindustrial Technology Journal Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025): Agroindustrial Technology Journal [ATJ]
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

This study presents the design of a speed control system for a Motor Drive Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (MDPMSM) to achieve a faster and more stable dynamic response in an electric oil palm cutter, supporting the harvesting process of oil palm fruit. Conventional control methods such as Proportional-Integral (PI) controllers, which are commonly applied, still face challenges in parameter tuning and exhibit high sensitivity to speed variations in cutting operations. To overcome these limitations, this research proposes a Model Predictive Control (MPC)-based speed regulation system integrated into a Field-Oriented Control (FOC) structure for a encoderless MDPMSM. The mathematical model of the motor serves as the foundation for designing the predictive algorithm, which can estimate motor speed behavior in real time. Performance evaluation was conducted through simulations under step-response conditions involving sudden speed changes, as well as ramp-response conditions. The simulation results were compared with those of the PI controller to assess the system’s ability in achieving steady-state time, overshoot, and undershoot. The results demonstrate that the MPC-based controller significantly enhances system performance, achieving up to a 60% reduction in settling time, an 84% decrease in overshoot, and a 58% improvement in recovery capability. Moreover, under ramp-response testing, the MPC-based system exhibited a more linear and responsive speed-tracking performance. Therefore, the proposed MPC control design proves to be effective in improving the accuracy and stability of encoderless MDPMSM speed control systems and serves as a reliable alternative for high-precision motor drive control applications, particularly in electric oil palm cutting systems.
Optimazion of Manufacturing Product Distribution Systems Using the Heuristic Methods Nearest Neighbour and Nearest Insert Anindita Rahmalia Putri; Ahmad Noor Faiz; Rafiqa Fijra; Bayu Wahyudi; Nidya Wisudawati; Yasmin Yasmin
Agroindustrial Technology Journal Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): Agroindustrial Technology Journal [ATJ]
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/atj.v10i1.14

Abstract

Product distribution is a critical component of supply chain performance in manufacturing industries, as inefficient routing decisions can significantly increase logistics costs and reduce delivery reliability, especially for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) with limited resources. Despite its importance, many companies continue to rely on manual or experience-based route planning, which often results in suboptimal travel distances and unnecessary transportation expenses. This issue is not limited to a single firm but is commonly encountered in manufacturing distribution systems characterized by multiple delivery points and constrained operational capacity. This study develops and evaluates a distribution route optimization model using two heuristic algorithms, namely Nearest Neighbour and Nearest Insert, both of which are widely applied to solve the Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) in practical logistics contexts. A quantitative research approach was employed by collecting data on delivery locations, inter-point distances, and transportation costs, which were subsequently analyzed through mathematical modeling and algorithmic simulations. The results show that the initial distribution routes required a total weekly travel distance of 362.43 km with an estimated transportation cost of Rp 578.792,31. After optimization, the Nearest Neighbor method reduced the distance to 329.89 km with a cost of Rp 553.761,54, while the Nearest Insert method resulted in a distance of 336.08 km and a cost of Rp 558.526,15. Overall, the Nearest Neighbour algorithm achieved the best performance, yielding a distance reduction of 32.54 km (8.98%) and a transportation cost saving of Rp 25.030,77 (4.32%) compared to the initial routes. These findings demonstrate that simple heuristic-based optimization models can significantly improve distribution efficiency and cost performance in manufacturing supply chains. The study contributes empirical evidence that such methods can be effectively adopted by SMEs as a scalable and resource-efficient decision-support tool for route planning, enabling cost reductions without increasing fleet size or reducing service coverage.
Stability and Characteristics of Red Palm Oil Nanoemulsions at Different Surfactant Ratios Yuli Perwita Sari; Sri Dewi Oktafia; Siti Tamaroh; Toto Nugroho Triputra Maryana
Agroindustrial Technology Journal Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): Agroindustrial Technology Journal [ATJ]
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/atj.v10i1.15

Abstract

β-carotene is a potent antioxidant naturally present in red palm oil (RPO) at concentrations of 500-700 ppm. Despite its significant nutritional and functional benefits, the application of β-carotene in aqueous food systems remains limited due to its hydrophobic nature and high sensitivity to heat, light, and oxygen. Therefore, the development of an effective lipid-based delivery system is required to improve its dispersibility and stability. Nanoemulsions, lipid-based carriers with nanosized droplets, have emerged as an effective approach for such applications. This study aimed to evaluate the stability and physicochemical characteristics of β-carotene nanoemulsion formulated using a red palm oil-palm oil blend and produced via a low-energy emulsification method (phase inversion). Tween 80 was used as the surfactant, and distilled water as the aqueous phase. The nanoemulsions were characterized based on turbidity, particle size distribution, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, pH, viscosity, color attributes, and β-carotene retention during storage at room temperature. The results showed that the surfactant-to-oil ratio significantly influenced the physical stability of the nanoemulsions. The optimal formulation, achieved at a surfactant-to-oil ratio of 3:1, produced a nanoemulsion with an average particle size of approximately 200 nm, a low polydispersity index, and a stable zeta potential for up to four weeks. Chemical stability, as measured by β-carotene content, declined markedly after 3 weeks of storage. These findings indicate that blending red palm oil with palm oil enables the formation of physically stable nanoemulsions using a low-energy method. Nevertheless, further formulation optimization is required to enhance the chemical stability of β-carotene for prolonged storage and potential application in aqueous food systems.
Evaluating Supply Chain Resilience Strategies in Passion Fruit Agro-Industrial Processing Using the SCOR 14.0 Racetrack Framework Asrul Fole; Khoerun Nisa Safitri; Nurul 'Aini; Billi Syufrian; Riska Iva Riana
Agroindustrial Technology Journal Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): Agroindustrial Technology Journal [ATJ]
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/atj.v10i1.17

Abstract

Global agro-industrial supply chains face increasing risks of disruption due to climate variability, seasonal availability of raw materials, and weak coordination among stakeholders. The passion fruit processing industry in Makassar is a perishable agroindustry highly vulnerable to fluctuations in raw material supply, production interruptions, and delivery delays. This study aims to evaluate and improve supply chain resilience using the SCOR Digital Standard 14.0 Racetrack Framework, with an emphasis on the performance attributes of reliability, responsiveness, and agility. A quantitative descriptive case study approach was employed using direct observations, semi-structured interviews, and analysis of historical data on production, inventory, and distribution activities. Resilience performance was assessed using SCOR 14.0 Level 1–3 metrics and benchmarked against internal performance targets. Root causes of performance gaps were identified using Fishbone diagrams, while improvement initiatives were structured into project charters and prioritized through an impact–effort assessment. The results indicate substantial performance gaps before improvement. Reliability metrics Level 3 showed Customer Commit Date Achievement (RL3.3) at 80% and Orders Received Damage-Free (RL3.10) at 86%, both below targets. Responsiveness indicators, including Source Order Cycle Time (RS3.1) and Make Order Cycle Time (RS3.12), achieved only 75% and 78%, respectively. Agility exhibited the largest deficiencies, particularly in Upside Source Flexibility (AG3.2) and Upside Make Flexibility (AG3.9). Following the implementation of 18 prioritized improvement projects, all resilience metrics reached or closely approached target levels. These findings confirm that the SCOR 14.0 Racetrack Framework provides a systematic and effective approach for enhancing supply chain resilience in perishable agro-industries through structured operational and managerial interventions.
Organoleptic Characteristics of Catfish (Clarias batrachus) Sausages with the Addition of Chicken Eggshell (Gallus gallus domesticus) Powder Haqi Miftah Fadilah; Ika Dyah Kumalasari
Agroindustrial Technology Journal Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): Agroindustrial Technology Journal [ATJ]
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/atj.v10i1.20

Abstract

Catfish (Clarias batrachus) sausage is a fish-based processed product with potential to be developed as a value-added and calcium-fortified food. Chicken eggshell (Gallus gallus domesticus) powder is a poultry by-product with high calcium content that can be utilized as an alternative calcium source. However, its incorporation may affect the sensory quality of food products; therefore, organoleptic evaluation is required to determine consumer acceptance. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of eggshell powder addition on the organoleptic characteristics of catfish sausage and to determine the most acceptable formulation. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with a single factor, namely the level of eggshell powder addition, was applied with four formulations: F0 (0%), F1 (10%), F2 (20%), and F3 (30%). Organoleptic evaluation was conducted using hedonic and descriptive tests involving 30 untrained panelists. The parameters assessed included color, smell, texture, taste, aftertaste, and overall acceptability. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at a 95% confidence level. The results showed that increasing levels of eggshell powder significantly decreased sensory preference scores (p < 0.05), particularly for texture, taste, and aftertaste, due to the development of a gritty mouthfeel. Among the fortified formulations, F1 showed the most favorable balance between sensory acceptability and calcium enrichment with an overall hedonic score of 3.80 ± 0.76, while F0 had the highest overall sensory score (4.30 ± 0.59). In conclusion, the addition of 10% eggshell powder (F1) is recommended as the optimal formulation for producing calcium-fortified catfish sausage with acceptable sensory quality. The use of eggshell powder also offers a sustainable and cost-effective calcium source, supporting the valorization of poultry waste into functional food products.
Improving Bagasse Fly Ash Immobilized with Spirulina sp. as a Biosorbent for Fe3+ Elimination from Wastewater in Physical Chemistry Laboratories Sri Wahyuningsih; Dyan Hatining Ayu Sudarni; Ade Trisnawati; Rima Nurjanah
Agroindustrial Technology Journal Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): Agroindustrial Technology Journal [ATJ]
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/atj.v10i1.22

Abstract

This work examined how to improve Bagasse Fly Ash (BFA) as an adsorbent by immobilizing it with Spirulina sp. biomass to remove Fe³⁺ ions from effluent from physical chemistry laboratories.  A common silica-rich agroindustrial by-product, BFA has a porous structure but little capacity for adsorption because there aren't many active functional groups.  On the other hand, although Spirulina sp. has a lot of amino, hydroxyl, carboxyl, phosphate, and sulfate groups that allow for strong interactions with metal ions, its low mechanical stability and challenging post-treatment separation limit its direct application.  Spirulina was immobilized in a sodium silicate matrix made from BFA using the sol-gel technique in order to get around these problems. This produced a composite that combined the chemical activity of the biomass with the structural benefits of BFA. FT-IR characterization revealed structural changes upon immobilization and verified the existence of functional groups in charge of metal binding.  UV-Vis spectrophotometry at 510 nm was used to perform adsorption tests at contact periods of 15–60 minutes.  In comparison to both Spirulina alone (44.920%) and unmodified BFA (37.038%), the immobilized BFA–Spirulina composite had the best Fe³⁺ removal effectiveness (51.571% at 60 minutes).  Synergistic interactions within the composite are responsible for this enhanced performance: Spirulina offers chemically active sites for complexation and electrostatic interactions with Fe³⁺, while BFA enhances physical adsorption and diffusion through its porous matrix. The outcomes  show that the BFA–Spirulina composite is an efficient, affordable, and eco-friendly biosorbent that may be used to remediate laboratory waste that contains iron.  By converting biological and agricultural wastes into valuable resources for environmental repair, this method also promotes waste valorization.
Integrated SWOT–QSPM Approach to Determine Key Strategies in Agroindustry Development Agustin Rani Nurfadila; Palmadi Putri Surya Negara; Astari Ratnaduhita; Riska Sumirat; Ilham Wahyudi; Ilham Perdana
Agroindustrial Technology Journal Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): Agroindustrial Technology Journal [ATJ]
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/atj.v10i1.24

Abstract

CV ABC is a food business that produces amplang crackers made from fish and faces challenges in business development amid increasing competition. This study aims to formulate appropriate business development strategies through an analysis of the company's internal and external factors. The qualitative descriptive approach with data collection through interviews, observations, and document studies were applied in this study. Data analysis is carried out using the SWOT method to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, as well as the Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) method to determine priority strategies for business development. SWOT analysis results show that CV ABC main strengths include a widely recognized brand, an efficient distribution network, consistent product quality, and halal certification. The weaknesses faced include limited product diversification, suboptimal utilization of production technology, and limited human resources. Business opportunities come from the increasing demand for cracker products, government support for food MSMEs, as well as developments in digital marketing, while the main threats include competition from similar products, fluctuations in raw materials, and changes in consumer preferences. The results of the QSPM analysis was indicate that the strategy of developing product diversification based on flavor and packaging innovation is the top priority strategy, followed by the strategy of strengthening and expanding the market through brand optimization and digital marketing. This strategy is expected to enhance competitiveness and business sustainability.
Strategies for Institutional Strengthening of an Autonomous Business Unit of an Oil Palm Cooperative in Riau Province Shinta Widyaningtyas; Yahya Yudhi Irawan; Muhammad Arwani; Ririn Fatma Nanda; Syifa Robbani
Agroindustrial Technology Journal Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): Agroindustrial Technology Journal [ATJ]
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/atj.v10i1.25

Abstract

The sustainability of oil palm smallholder institutions remains a major challenge in Indonesia due to fluctuating global market conditions, increasing production costs, limited managerial capacity, and uneven adoption of sustainable cultivation practices. Autonomous business units under oil palm cooperatives play an important role in coordinating production, marketing, and institutional support for smallholder farmers in Riau Province. However, these institutions continue to face several operational constraints, including limited technical competencies among members, insufficient implementation of occupational health and safety practices, suboptimal productivity, and limited extension services. These conditions may reduce institutional competitiveness and weaken the long-term sustainability of smallholder palm oil farming systems. Therefore, this study aimed to formulate and prioritize institutional strengthening strategies for an Autonomous Business unit of an oil palm cooperative in Riau Province, Indonesia. This research employed an integrated SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) and Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) approach. SWOT analysis was used to identify internal and external strategic factors, while QSPM was applied to quantitatively determine priority strategies. The results indicate that the autonomous business unit demonstrates a relatively strong internal condition (IFE score = 3.172) and strong responsiveness to external factors (EFE score = 3.339), placing the institution in Quadrant I (Grow and Build) of the Internal–External Matrix. Six alternative strategies were generated through the SWOT matrix. The primary priority strategy identified through QSPM is improving human resource quality through cultivation and harvesting training (TAS = 7.31), followed by strengthening internal management (TAS = 7.08) and expanding partnership networks to enhance bargaining power (TAS = 6.92). These findings were demonstrated that strengthening technical capacity and institutional governance is essential for improving the competitiveness, resilience, and sustainability of oil palm smallholder institutions.
Assessing Global Warming, Acidification, and Eutrophication Impacts of Pempek Production Using Life Cycle Assessment: A Case Study in Palembang, Indonesia Bayu Wahyudi; Anindita Rahmalia Putri; Yasmin Yasmin; Nadia Eka Damayanti; Tiara Wijaya
Agroindustrial Technology Journal Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): Agroindustrial Technology Journal [ATJ]
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/atj.v10i1.29

Abstract

Traditional food production may generate environmental burdens through raw material sourcing, energy consumption, processing activities, packaging, distribution, and waste generation. This study assessed the environmental impacts of pempek production in a small-scale industry in Palembang, Indonesia, using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach. The assessment was conducted using the CML-IA Baseline method in SimaPro version 9.5.0.0, with a system boundary covering raw material procurement, dough preparation, resting, shaping, frying, packaging, distribution, and waste-related activities. Inventory data were collected based on one production cycle at Pempek X and included material inputs, energy use, water use, fuel consumption, packaging materials, and emission factors. The results showed that pempek production generated 311.96 kg CO₂-eq for Global Warming Potential (GWP), 2.397 kg SO₂-eq for Acidification Potential (AP), and 4.197 kg PO₄³⁻-eq for Eutrophication Potential (EP) per production cycle. The frying stage was the main contributor to GWP (32.1%) and EP (61.3%), mainly due to thermal energy use and cooking oil consumption. The packaging stage contributed the largest share to AP (approximately 27.0%) and also had a substantial contribution to GWP (25.2%). From the raw material perspective, wheat flour was the dominant contributor across several impact categories, followed by palm oil, demersal fish, tofu, and eggs. These impacts were mainly associated with upstream agricultural activities, energy use, and material production processes. The findings indicate that energy-intensive processing, raw material supply chains, and packaging materials are key environmental hotspots in pempek production. Improving frying efficiency, selecting lower-impact packaging, strengthening waste management, and sourcing more sustainable raw materials were recommended to reduce environmental burdens. This study demonstrates the usefulness of LCA for identifying improvement priorities in traditional food production systems.
Fortification of Yogurt with Arabica Coffee Cascara Extract: The Effects of Concentration and Fermentation Duration on Acidity and Sensory Characteristics Muhammad Nur Kholis; Rahardian Khalid Perwira Wibowo; Yogi Pratama Yuda Laksana
Agroindustrial Technology Journal Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): Agroindustrial Technology Journal [ATJ]
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/atj.v10i1.30

Abstract

Coffee cascara, a by-product of coffee processing, is a potential source of bioactive compounds such as polyphenols and chlorogenic acids. However, its application in yogurt fermentation systems remains limited. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of cascara extract concentration and fermentation time on the physicochemical and sensory properties of yogurt. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Arabica coffee cascara extract concentration (water-based) and fermentation duration on the acidity characteristics and sensory acceptance of yogurt. The experiment was conducted using a factorial completely randomized design with two factors: cascara extract concentration (1.5%, 2%, and 2.5% w/v) and fermentation duration (3 and 6 hours). The evaluated parameters included pH, titratable acidity (TA), and sensory attributes (color, aroma, taste, and overall acceptance) assessed using a hedonic test with untrained panellists The results demonstrated that fermentation duration significantly influenced yogurt acidification, resulting in lower pH values and higher titratable acidity as fermentation duration increased. The pH values ranged from 4.63 to 4.92, while titratable acidity ranged from 0.58% to 0.75% lactic acid. The addition of cascara extracts up to 2.5% did not inhibit the metabolic activity of lactic acid bacteria during fermentation. Sensory evaluation indicated that yogurt containing 2% cascara extract fermented for 6 hours obtained the highest overall acceptance score, indicating an optimal balance between acidity and sensory characteristics. These findings demonstrated that Arabica coffee cascara extract has potential as a functional ingredient in yogurt production while supporting the valorization of coffee processing by-products into value-added fermented dairy products.

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