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Nucleus Journal
Published by Universitas Darul Ulum
ISSN : 29644097     EISSN : 29644100     DOI : 10.32492/nucleus
Core Subject :
Nucleus Journal: Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi is a peer-reviewed journal published by Universitas Darul Ulum. Nucleus Journal is a publication of research results of Students, Lecturers and Practitioners in the field of Science and Technology. Fields of study include; Electrical Engineering, Industrial Engineering, Informatics Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Agricultural Sciences, Architecture, Engineering Education, And Other Engineering Fields.
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Articles 82 Documents
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The Impact of Smart Building Environment on Productivity and Well-Being of Office Building Users Desiderius Viby Indrayana; Kristian Cahyandi
Nucleus Journal Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Darul Ulum

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32492/nucleus.v5i2.5209

Abstract

The concept of smart buildings has evolved from a technology- and energy-efficiency-oriented approach toward a human-centered paradigm that emphasizes occupants’ well-being, comfort, health, and productivity. However, previous studies have primarily focused on technical performance and energy efficiency, with limited investigation of the integrated relationships among Smart Building Environment (SBE), Well-Being, and Productivity, particularly in Indonesia. This study aims to examine these relationships using a quantitative explanatory approach. Data were collected through a cross-sectional survey of office building users in the Nusantara Capital City (IKN), Indonesia, and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) with a Higher-Order Construct (HOC) framework and a disjoint two-stage approach. The results indicate that Smart Building Environment has a significant positive effect on Well-Being (β = 0.879, p < 0.001) and Productivity (β = 0.307, p = 0.001). Well-Being also significantly influences Productivity (β = 0.577, p < 0.001). Furthermore, Well-Being partially mediates the relationship between Smart Building Environment and Productivity through a complementary mediation mechanism (β = 0.507, p < 0.001). The model demonstrates strong explanatory power, explaining 77.3% of the variance in Well-Being (R² = 0.773) and 74.0% of the variance in Productivity (R² = 0.740). These findings confirm that smart buildings create value not only through technological efficiency but also by enhancing occupants’ well-being, which ultimately improves productivity.
Simulation-Based Performance Evaluation of a Three-Input Mamdani Fuzzy Inference System for Adaptive Floodgate Control Mohammad Nasrul; Hapsari Peni Agustin Tjahyaningtijas
Nucleus Journal Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Darul Ulum

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32492/nucleus.v5i2.5215

Abstract

Flooding remains one of the most destructive natural hazards worldwide, causing substantial damage to infrastructure, economic activities, and public safety. Developing an adaptive floodgate control system is therefore essential to improve flood mitigation under dynamic hydrological conditions. This study proposes and evaluates a three-input Mamdani Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) for intelligent floodgate operation using water level, rainfall intensity, and water flow rate as input variables. The proposeds controller was implemented in the MATLAB R2024a Fuzzy Logic Toolbox using triangular membership functions, a rule base consisting of 27 fuzzy IF–THEN rules, and the Centroid of Area (CoA) defuzzification method. The controller performance was evaluated through twenty representative simulation scenarios using Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and Output Category Agreement as quantitative evaluation metrics. The reference output values were established from expert-defined floodgate operating categories represented by the designed fuzzy rule base. The simulation results produced an RMSE of 2.1284 and an MAE of 1.2820, while all evaluated scenarios achieved 100% Output Category Agreement, indicating consistent classification of floodgate opening levels. Furthermore, surface response analysis confirmed smooth and continuous controller behavior under different combinations of hydrological input variables. Although the proposed controller was evaluated exclusively through MATLAB-based simulations, the obtained results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed Mamdani FIS for adaptive floodgate control and provide a foundation for future validation using real-world hydrological data.
Transformational and Transactional Safety Leadership Styles of Government Project Owners from Contractors' Perceptions in Indonesia Desiderius Viby Indrayana; Kristian Cahyandi
Nucleus Journal Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Darul Ulum

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32492/nucleus.v5i2.5210

Abstract

The Indonesian construction industry faces significant occupational safety challenges, where project owners hold a strategic role in shaping safety culture through leadership. This study aims to identify the safety leadership pattern of government infrastructure project owners in Indonesia and examine its influence on project safety performance, using transformational and transactional approaches within the full range leadership framework. Data were collected through a structured survey involving 323 contractors evaluating project owners on government infrastructure projects, analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression. Descriptive results indicate that transformational leadership (4.14) is more dominant than transactional leadership (3.89), with idealized influence and inspirational motivation as key strengths. Regression analysis reveals that only the involvement & handling dimension of transactional leadership significantly influences safety performance (β = 0.330; p < 0.001; R² = 0.270). These findings expose an important paradox: the dimensions perceived most favorably do not necessarily determine actual safety performance. Strengthening the involvement & handling dimension is identified as the primary evidence-based priority, alongside developing a more balanced full range leadership profile among government infrastructure project owners in Indonesia
Extending UTAUT with Digital Literacy: The Role of Performance Expectancy in the BPO Industry Sujito Sujito; Dian Indiyati
Nucleus Journal Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Darul Ulum

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32492/nucleus.v5i2.5211

Abstract

This study extends the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) by examining how Digital Literacy and Effort Expectancy influence Behavioral Intention through the mediating role of Performance Expectancy in the Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) industry. It addresses the digital adoption gap, where the availability of digital technologies does not necessarily translate into employees’ Behavioral Intention to use them. Drawing on Human Capital Theory, Digital Literacy is conceptualized as digital human capital that enhances employees’ perceptions of technology usefulness through Performance Expectancy. Data were collected from 120 employees of the Marketing and Sales Directorate at PT Infomedia Nusantara who actively use the Omnix platform. The proposed model was analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS 4.0. The results show that Digital Literacy and Effort Expectancy have significant positive effects on Performance Expectancy, which is the strongest predictor of Behavioral Intention. Performance Expectancy fully mediates the relationship between Digital Literacy and Behavioral Intention and partially mediates the relationship between Effort Expectancy and Behavioral Intention. These findings extend UTAUT by establishing Digital Literacy as an antecedent of Performance Expectancy, providing a capability-based explanation of technology adoption. Practically, BPO organizations should strengthen digital literacy through scenario-based Omnix training, communicate system benefits using performance indicators such as lead management and sales productivity, and develop user-friendly digital platforms to improve technology adoption.
Industrial Engineering Optimization of Trust-Based Industrial Relations in Beverage Manufacturing Using PLS-SEM Jusra Tampubolon; Afnina Afnina
Nucleus Journal Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Darul Ulum

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32492/nucleus.v5i2.5213

Abstract

Industrial engineering optimization in manufacturing increasingly requires not only technical process control but also stable socio-technical relations among management, employees, labor unions, and regulatory institutions. This study develops and tests a trust-based industrial relations optimization model for beverage manufacturing using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The model examines how management practices, labor unions, government role, and organizational culture influence industrial relations through employee trust. Survey data were collected from 300 employees of beverage manufacturing companies and analyzed through measurement-model and structural-model assessment. The results show that government role (β = 0.328, p = 0.002) and organizational culture (β = 0.347, p = 0.001) significantly increase trust, while trust strongly improves industrial relations (β = 0.770, p < 0.001). The direct effects of management practices, labor unions, government role, and organizational culture on industrial relations are not statistically significant, indicating that these antecedents operate mainly through trust. Mediation analysis confirms that trust significantly mediates the effects of government role (β = 0.252, p = 0.002) and organizational culture (β = 0.267, p = 0.001) on industrial relations. The structural model explains 76.5% of the variance in industrial relations. The findings contribute to industrial engineering by positioning trust as a socio-technical optimization mechanism that converts institutional credibility and organizational culture into cooperative, stable, and conflict-resilient manufacturing relations
Simulation-Based Vendor Managed Inventory Model for Solar PV Supply Chain Mardiansyah Mardiansyah; Suhartini Suhartini; Heri Kusnadi
Nucleus Journal Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Darul Ulum

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32492/nucleus.v5i2.5216

Abstract

Effective inventory management is essential to maintain component availability and operational reliability in photovoltaic (PV) systems. However, conventional inventory practices are generally reactive, leading to procurement delays, stock shortages, and maintenance downtime. This study proposes a System Dynamics-based Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) model to improve inventory management in the PV supply chain using the grid-connected photovoltaic system at Universitas Pamulang as a case study. The model integrates inventory level, procurement lead time, maintenance demand, market readiness, technology factors, and operational cost through Causal Loop Diagrams (CLDs) and Stock and Flow Diagrams (SFDs). Two scenarios, namely the existing inventory policy and the proposed VMI strategy, were evaluated under identical operational parameters. Model verification and validation confirmed that the developed model adequately represents the operational characteristics of the PV supply chain. The simulation framework demonstrates that the proposed VMI strategy improves inventory visibility, accelerates replenishment decisions, and strengthens coordination between suppliers and maintenance personnel. Therefore, the proposed model provides a practical decision-support tool for improving inventory management and enhancing the operational sustainability of photovoltaic supply chains.
Integrating Maintenance Performance Measurement and Energy Management Systems for Sustainability Performance Enhancement Ahmad Adrian Hanafiyah; Rony Prabowo; Riny Sulistyowati
Nucleus Journal Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Darul Ulum

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32492/nucleus.v5i2.5217

Abstract

Achieving sustainability has become a major concern for power generation companies as they are required to improve operational performance while simultaneously reducing environmental impacts. Although maintenance management and energy management have individually been recognized as essential organizational functions, their integrated contribution to sustainability performance has received limited empirical attention. This study develops and validates a conceptual model that investigates the influence of Maintenance Performance Measurement (MPM) and Energy Management System (EMS) on Sustainability Performance (SP) by incorporating Energy Efficiency (EE) and Carbon Emission Disclosure (CED) as intermediate constructs. A quantitative cross-sectional survey was conducted involving employees working in maintenance, operations, engineering, and environmental management at power generation companies in Cilegon City, Banten Province, Indonesia. The proposed model was examined using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The empirical results confirm that the measurement model satisfies the required reliability and validity standards. Furthermore, all structural relationships are statistically significant. The findings reveal that effective maintenance performance measurement and systematic energy management improve organizational energy efficiency and strengthen carbon emission disclosure practices. These improvements subsequently enhance sustainability performance, while both operational management practices also exert direct positive influences on sustainability outcomes. The study demonstrates that combining maintenance and energy management into a unified operational framework generates both operational and environmental benefits that support long-term organizational sustainability. The proposed framework contributes to sustainable operations management literature by explaining the interaction between operational management practices and environmental performance.
Optimizing Crude Bromelain-Assisted Hydrolysis for Producing Functional Goat Milk Protein Hydrolysates Al Haya Nurjanah Afifah Salsa Billah; Faizah; Evia Zunita Dwi Pratiwi
Nucleus Journal Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Darul Ulum

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32492/nucleus.v5i2.5214

Abstract

Susu kambing merupakan sumber protein berkualitas tinggi yang dapat dihidrolisis untuk menghasilkan peptida bioaktif dengan sifat antioksidan dan antimikroba. Namun, pemanfaatan susu kambing sebagai sumber peptida bioaktif masih terbatas, dan penelitian yang mengevaluasi efek gabungan konsentrasi ekstrak bromelain kasar dan waktu hidrolisis terhadap sifat fungsional hidrolisat protein susu kambing masih jarang. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efek konsentrasi ekstrak bromelain kasar (20%, 25%, dan 30%) dan waktu hidrolisis (1–5 jam) terhadap derajat hidrolisis, aktivitas antioksidan, dan aktivitas antibakteri hidrolisat protein susu kambing. Derajat hidrolisis ditentukan sebagai indikator pemecahan protein, aktivitas antioksidan diukur menggunakan uji DPPH, dan aktivitas antibakteri dievaluasi terhadap Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus menggunakan metode difusi cakram. Tingkat hidrolisis tertinggi (76,95%) dan aktivitas antioksidan (71,01%) dicapai pada konsentrasi ekstrak bromelain kasar 30% dengan hidrolisis selama 2 jam. Aktivitas antibakteri terkuat terhadap Escherichia coli diperoleh pada konsentrasi bromelain 20% setelah hidrolisis selama 5 jam, menghasilkan zona inhibisi 0,34 cm, sedangkan zona inhibisi terbesar terhadap Staphylococcus aureus (0,59 cm) diamati pada konsentrasi bromelain 30% setelah 2 jam. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa hidrolisis menggunakan ekstrak bromelain kasar secara efektif meningkatkan sifat fungsional protein susu kambing, dengan konsentrasi bromelain 30% dan hidrolisis selama 2 jam mewakili kondisi optimal untuk menghasilkan hidrolisat dengan sifat bioaktif yang lebih baik.
Performance Analysis of an 87.4 kWp Photovoltaic System Supplying the H₂ Plant Dharma Dwi Prastya; Irna Tri Yuniahastuti; Ina Sunaryantiningsih
Nucleus Journal Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Darul Ulum

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32492/nucleus.v5i2.5218

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the performance of the rooftop Solar Power Plant (PLTS) with a capacity of 87.4 kWp as the energy supply of the H₂ Plant at PT PLN Nusantara Power UP Pacitan. The research method used is a descriptive quantitative method with an approach to analyze the performance of the photovoltaic system based on actual operational data during the period June–October 2025. Performance evaluation was carried out using Reference Yield (YR), Final Yield (YF), and Performance Ratio (PR) parameters according to IEC 61724 standard, and compared with simulation results using PVsyst 7.4.8 software. The results of the study show that the solar PV system is able to support the energy needs of H₂ Plants with an average energy output of 316.11 kWh per month and an average energy export to the grid of 182.90 kWh per month. The average values of real YR, real YF, and real PR were 159.81 kWh/kW, 109.68 kWh/kWp, and 69.75%, respectively, while PVsyst simulation results showed values of 183.03 kWh/kW, 156.27 kWh/kWp, and 85.42%. The difference between actual and simulated results is influenced by variations in irradiance, environmental temperature, weather conditions, and system losses. Overall, the 87.4 kWp rooftop solar power plant at PT PLN Nusantara Power UP Pacitan has good performance and is suitable for use as an energy source to support the H₂ Plant's operations.
Performance Benchmarking of YOLOv11, YOLOv12, and YOLOv26 for Real-Time Fire and Smoke Detection Surya Pratama Adi Putra; Lilik Anifah
Nucleus Journal Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Darul Ulum

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32492/nucleus.v5i2.5219

Abstract

Fire is a destructive event that causes significant losses; therefore, an accurate and rapid early fire detection system is essential. With advancements in computer vision technology, deep learning-based object detection methods are increasingly employed for real-time fire detection. This study aims to evaluate and compare the performance of You Only Look Once (YOLO) based models specifically YOLOv11, YOLOv12, and YOLOv26 in detecting fire and smoke objects in real-time using cameras, and to identify the optimal model based on evaluation results. The dataset consists of fire imagery categorized into two primary classes: fire and smoke. All three models were trained using identical configurations: an image size of 640 × 640 pixels, a batch size of 8, and 100 epochs on Google Colab. Performance was evaluated using precision, recall, F1-score, accuracy, mAP, and confusion matrices. Training results indicate that YOLOv11 achieved the highest mAP@50 value (approximately 0.52), compared to YOLOv12 (0.47) and YOLOv26 (0.50). In real-time testing, YOLOv11 achieved 93.3% accuracy, followed by YOLOv26 at 92.6% and YOLOv12 at 90.11%. Based on these results, YOLOv11 demonstrated the best performance under the experimental conditions, achieving the highest real-time accuracy and mAP@50 for both object classes. However, smoke detection remains a major challenge for Convolutional Neural Network-based fire detection systems due to smoke's dynamic, semi-transparent, and low-contrast characteristics. Consequently, the YOLOv11 model holds potential as a foundation for developing effective real-time fire detection systems, such as those for embedded systems, intelligent surveillance, and UAV-based platforms.

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