Journal of International Relations Studies
Journal of International Relations seeks original manuscripts that provide theoretically informed empirical analyses of issues in international relations, as well as original theoretical or conceptual analyses. The journal represents no particular school or approach, nor is it restricted to any particular methodology. Instead, it seeks to foster an awareness of methodological and epistemological questions in the study of International Relations, and to reflect research and developments of a conceptual, normative and empirical nature in all the major sub-areas of the field.
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<![CDATA[KERJA SAMA BILATERAL INDONESIA DAN HONG KONG SPECIAL ADMINISTRATIVE REGION MENGENAI STOLEN ASSET RECOVERY : STUDI KASUS BANK CENTURY ]]>
<![CDATA[Ginting, Samudra]]>;
<![CDATA[Putranti, Ika Riswanti]]>;
<![CDATA[Wahyudi, Fendy Eko]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of International Relations Volume 3, Nomor 4, Tahun 2017 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro ]]>
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<![CDATA[This research aims to explain the obstacles to implementation of Century Bank's asset recovery in the Hong Kong jurisdiction. Asset recovery efforts from Hong Kong Jurisdiction has been undertaken by the Government of Indonesia through bilateral agreements on Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters. However, the efforts have some obstacles from 2009 to 2016 , so that the asset has not been returned successfully. This research uses compliance theory with rationalism approach from realist tradition. Then the method used in this researh is qualitative, with the kind of exploratory research through interview data collection techniques and literature. The result of this researh is Hong Kong has not complied to the content of agreement. This non-compliance is related to the rational act of Hong Kong government. In addition, the rational choice of Hong Kong is keeping the principle of financial confidential.]]>
<![CDATA[EFEKTIVITAS KERJASAMA WWF INDONESIA – BBSKDA RIAU DALAM MEMERANGI PERDAGANGAN ILEGAL GADING GAJAH SUMATERA DI PROVINSI RIAU 2010-2015 ]]>
<![CDATA[Bangun, Philippe]]>;
<![CDATA[Putranti, Ika Riswanti]]>;
<![CDATA[Hanura, Marten]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of International Relations Volume 3, Nomor 4, Tahun 2017 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro ]]>
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<![CDATA[Illegal ivory trade crime is an environmental issue that threatens the elephant’s population in the world, one of them is Sumatran elephant. In Riau Province, the Centre of Sumatran Elephant Conservation, illegal ivory trade still took place and often conducted by riding the human – elephant conflict that was one of the main threats of Sumatran Elephant’s population. Relatively easy access to Southeast Asian’s country from Riau Province has led the crime to be classified as transnational crime because of its impact to other countries. Responding the issue, WWF Indonesia established a cooperation with BBKSDA Riau in an effort of Sumatran elephant conservation in 2010 and extended in 2015. The goal of this research is to know how effective is WWF Indonesia and BBKSDA Riau’s cooperation on combating illegal Sumatran elephant ivory trade in Riau Province in 2010-2015. In order to answer that question, this research uses concepts that are: International Organization, International Cooperation, Environmental Crime and Effectiveness. The method that being used in this research is mixed methods with descriptive type by using data collecting technique which are interview, literature reviews and questionnaire. The result from this research is that the effectiveness of WWF Indonesia – BBKSDA Riau cooperation on combating illegal Sumatran elephant ivory trade in Riau Province in 2010-2015 is less effective due to its lack of significance towards addressing the issue.]]>
<![CDATA[PERAN PEREMPUAN DALAM JARINGAN TERORISME ISIS DI INDONESIA ]]>
<![CDATA[Musfia, Nesa Wilda]]>;
<![CDATA[Utomo, Tri Cahyo]]>;
<![CDATA[Wahyudi, Fendy Eko]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of International Relations Volume 3, Nomor 4, Tahun 2017 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro ]]>
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<![CDATA[Women’s role in terrorist groups has been widely discussed by scholars (Agara, 2015; Yasefi, 2014; Martin. 2014; Nurhayati, 2015; Ratri, 2011; Magrfur & muniroh, 2013). Especially, in the emergence of ISIS which increases a long list of women’s role in terror cases. This study aims to explain women’s role in ISIS terrorism networks in Indonesia and the reasons that triggered the women to be involved. This research was done by using qualitative research method with descriptive research type. This research was analyzed by using social identity theory, psychological terrorism theory, and “wani ing tata†concept as a cultural philosophy of Javanese culture. These theories were used in this research as theoretical frameworks. The result of this study shows that the roles that women have in the terrorist group were as important as those of men’s. ISIS has a different strategy in involving women compared to other terrorist groups. In ISIS, women are motivated to involve by individual psychology/psychological condition, their closest relatives, as well as personal experiences along with their social identity as muslims.]]>
<![CDATA[Respons UNESCO terhadap Penghancuran Warisan Budaya Dunia di Suriah ]]>
<![CDATA[Shahnaz, Meydira]]>;
<![CDATA[Putranti, Ika Riswanti]]>;
<![CDATA[Wahyudi, Fendy Eko]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of International Relations Volume 3, Nomor 4, Tahun 2017 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro ]]>
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<![CDATA[The Syrian conflict that started from 2011 brings down various victims. The victims are not only its people but also their cultural objects. In 2015, two Syrian cultural objects which enlisted into World Heritage list, Ancient City of Palmyra and Ancient City of Bosra destructed by conflicted actors. In this circumstances, UNESCO is needed to take mandatory actions towards the issue. This research used qualitative methods alongside with role of international organization concept to explain UNESCO’s response towards the destruction of Palmyra and Bosra. The result of this research indicated that UNESCO as an international organization has managed to fulfill its role in certain phenomena, namely as the arena and actor.]]>
<![CDATA[Pelanggaran Inggris terhadap Konvensi Basel: Digital Dumping Ground di Nigeria ]]>
<![CDATA[Haryadi, Yulius]]>;
<![CDATA[Windiani, Reni]]>;
<![CDATA[Rosyidin, Mohamad]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of International Relations Volume 3, Nomor 4, Tahun 2017 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro ]]>
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<![CDATA[This research identifies the causes of the United Kingdom’s violation of the Basel Convention in the case of disposal of electronic waste from United Kingdom to Nigeria in 2003-2010. This research is using grounded theory, the research method draws conclusions and theories from the empirical data. The results of this research showed that the UK's non compliance to the Basel Convention lack of the UK's commitment to environmental and health issues. UK often received a warning from the European Commission and other countries regarding their transgressions of environmental issues at the global and domestic level since UK is more focusing on traditional issues of international relations, such as military, security and political issues. In addition, Nigeria's population demand on used electrical and electronic equipment is quite high, because many citizens are involved in this sector, either as recyclers or consumers. This is why UK continues to dispose its electronic waste to Nigeria.]]>
<![CDATA[ANALISIS PENINGKATAN FREKUENSI PENCULIKAN DI LAUT OLEH ABU SAYYAF GROUP (ASG) PADA TAHUN 2016 ]]>
<![CDATA[Jasmine, Rossiana]]>;
<![CDATA[Wahyudi, Fendy Eko]]>;
<![CDATA[Pertiwi, Sheiffi Puspa]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of International Relations Volume 3, Nomor 4, Tahun 2017 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro ]]>
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<![CDATA[In 2016, Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG) scored a new innovation in the field of kidnapping by abducting crews from sailing vessels around Southern Philippines sea. Then, the number of kidnapping with certain modus operandi increased. This study aims to determine factors that caused the increasing number of kidnappings at sea by the ASG in 2016. This study combines Martha Crenshaw’s Instrumental Terrorism approach (1988) that defines terrorism as a tool to fulfill the stated aim of a terrorist group with Peter Lehr’s Terrorist at Sea concept (2009) which stated that terrorist group often copies a tried-and-tested act by other group. This study uses literature study method through books, journals, reports and articles. Interview method with diplomats from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia who were involved in the release of ASG’s hostages is also used to obtain supporting data. The result of this study is that three factors emerge as the cause of increasing number: the high probability in conducting the kidnappings; the comparison of gain and loss from the kidnappings, and the novelty behind the choice to kidnap. Other than that, ASG also conducted kidnappings at sea to reach its tactical aims in financial and recognition aspect, to maintain its sustainability, and to upgrade its social class among international terrorist network.]]>
<![CDATA[Alasan Rusia Melibatkan Diri dalam Konflik Bersenjata Suriah Tahun 2011-2015 ]]>
<![CDATA[Kusumastuti, Dita Arum]]>;
<![CDATA[Utomo, Tri Cahyo]]>;
<![CDATA[Hanura, Marten]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of International Relations Volume 3, Nomor 4, Tahun 2017 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro ]]>
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<![CDATA[Arab Spring which was happened in 2011 had ceated nationwide protest movement of the Syrian people to throw the regime of the President Bashar Al Assad. The conflict that was, at first,only protest then turned into armed conflict where the government, opposition and terrorism groups such as ISIS and Jabhat Al Nusra involved. The number of the deaths caused by the conflict were then called by the UN as crime against humanity. The UN initiated Geneve Peace Talks as an agenda to hold a political transition towards Bashar Al Assad’s regime. The effort was rejected by Russia Federation. In 2013, the U.S. and its alliance deployed its miltary forces in Syria to suport opposition group while in 2015 Russia then responded to the U.S. action by deploying its military troops in order to support the regime of Bashar Al Assad. This research is aimed to explain the motives of why Russia involved in the Syrian armed conflict. The research used qualitative method and Offensive Realism Theory by John J. Mearsheimer. The result of this research is that the involvement of Russia was meant to exercise its geopolitical influence in the Middle East and to repress the expansion of U.S. influence in Syria.]]>
<![CDATA[Analisis Konflik Sudan dan Sudan Selatan Pasca Referendum Pemisahan Diri Sudan Selatan dari Sudan ]]>
<![CDATA[Cahyanti, Putri]]>;
<![CDATA[Utomo, Tri Cahyo]]>;
<![CDATA[Paramasatya, Satwika]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of International Relations Volume 3, Nomor 4, Tahun 2017 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro ]]>
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<![CDATA[Conflict is a circumstance which conflict actors such as individuals or groups have dispute between each other to gain the same goal(s). Conflict actors may use violent or peaceful means to settle the conflict. One way to end it is to use referendum of secession if conflict happens within a state territory. South Sudan did referendum of secession in 2011 due to prolonged conflict with Sudan since 1955. But in fact, after South Sudan's independence, conflicts have continued between Sudan and South Sudan such as oil conflicts and border conflicts. This research’s aim is to know why Sudan and South Sudan still in conflict even after South Sudan did referendum of secession in 2011. This research use The Conflict Triangle theory and Conflict Dynamcis theory and is qualitative type that intend to understand social phenomenon. The research results are Sudan and South Sudan still in conflict even after South Sudan’s secession because both parties has not reach agreement in South Sudan’s oil transit price that will be exported through Port Sudan, both parties are accused in funding the rebel forces in each territory, and there is no agreement yet regarding border area especially Abyei. Author suggest Sudan and South Sudan should immediately discuss their conflict over border area so that conflict source can be resolved properly and dialogue between both parties should be necessary so there will be no misunderstandings abouth funding the rebel forces in each territory.]]>
<![CDATA[Identitas dalam Hubungan Internasional: Dilema Kebijakan Luar Negeri Finlandia Dalam Krisis Ukraina 2014 ]]>
<![CDATA[Margareth, Fitri Kamelia]]>;
<![CDATA[Utomo, Tri Cahyo]]>;
<![CDATA[Rosyidin, Mohamad]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of International Relations Volume 3, Nomor 4, Tahun 2017 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro ]]>
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<![CDATA[This research aims to explain why Finland did not play role as peacemaker in UkraineCrisis. The great contribution on mediating conflicts in international relation has made Finland plays role as peacemaker, a country who being well known with their peace action.But as Ukraine Crisis occurs, Finland only helps by sending foreign aid and giving advice toRussia and Ukraine to arrange a mediation, without present itself as the mediator. Usingconstructivist approaches, this research argues that there is identity conflict betweenFinland’s identity as a peacemaker and as a member of The European Union which isagainst Russia. The strong solidarity between The European Union and Finland causedFinland tends to support The European Union’s decision to impose economic sanctionagainst Russia, instead of mediating the conflict. This research confirms a constructivist assumption that states must consider their identities in determining foreign policy, so they will not turned dilemma when they face a situation where they need to use more than one identity to conduct foreign policy.]]>
<![CDATA[PERAN UNICEF DALAM PROSES DISARMAMENT, DEMOBILIZATION, REINTEGRATION PRAJURIT ANAK PASCA PERANG SIPIL DI CHAD ]]>
<![CDATA[Nadila, Kania Farisa]]>;
<![CDATA[Windiani, Reni]]>;
<![CDATA[Paramasatya, Satwika]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of International Relations Volume 3, Nomor 4, Tahun 2017 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro ]]>
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<![CDATA[This research is inspired by the civil war that took place in Chad in 2005 until 2010. This war caused humanitarian impacts, one of which is the recruitment of child soldiers. The child soldiers were recruited by both the government and the opposition armed forces. The recruitment of child soldiers is listed as a war crime as explained in the Convention on the Rights of the Child, which clearly explains that children under 18 years of age are not allowed to be involved directly in wars as soldiers or combatants. To mitigate and prevent this issue from happening again, the children who are already in the armed forces have to be released through Disarmament Demobilization Reintegration (DDR) process. Unfortunately, Chadian government was unable to handle this by itself since the conflict was still ongoing in that country, and needed help from an organization or institution to go through the DDR process. To explain this situation, neoliberal institutionalism is best suited since its main paradigm is that a country can solve its problem by seeking help from a certain institution, be it old or new. UNICEF, as the only UN body that focuses on children, helped the government of Chad with the DDR process by making an agreement upon this issue. Through this process, UNICEF was able to help advocating the release of more than 1000 child soldiers, help them through the transition and adaptation phase, provide them with accessible healthcare as well as education, and identify the children before they were reintegrated with their families.]]>
