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INDONESIA
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI adalah jurnal yang diterbitkan oleh Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro untuk mempublikasikan karya ilmiah - karya ilmiah mahasiswa Program S1 Teknik Kimia Undip.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 24 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Volume 2, Nomor 3, Tahun 2013" : 24 Documents clear
PEMANFAATAN PATI SINGKONG KARET (Manihot glaziovii) UNTUK PRODUKSI BIOETANOL FUEL GRADE MELALUI PROSES DISTILASI-DEHIDRASI MENGGUNAKAN ZEOLIT ALAM Nadia Zahrotul Firdausi; Nugraha Bayu Samodra; H Hargono
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 3, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Bioethanol is an alcohol substance which can be obtained by biomass fermentation process by microorganism.Fuel grade bioethanol must obtain purity higher than 99,5% (w/w) . The making of fuel grade bioethanol through several processes, hydrolysis, fermentation, and purification. Bioethanol can be produced from starch material such as singkong karet (Manihot glaziovii) which has no economic value as a food product. Before fermentation process, it must be hydolyzed first to convert starch into glucose by α-amylase dan glucoamylase enzyme. Fermentation process use Saccharomyces cerevisiae from fermipan yeast to convert glucose into ethanol. Ethanol purification use distillation process followed by dehydration process. Dehydration process use natural zeolite to break azeotrop composition of ethanol-water at 95,63% (w/w),in order to obtain fuel grade ethanol. The objectives of this research are to examine starch conversion into glucose by the effect of glucoamylase enzyme added, glucose conversion into ethanol by the effect of fermipan yeast added, and purity of ethanol obtained by the effect of zeolite used. This research results that the highest starch conversion is 42,20% in addition of glucoamylase enzyme 0,20% (v/v); the highest glucose conversion is 77,93% in addition of fermipan yeast 1,5% (w/v); and the highest purity of ethanol obtained is 99,73% (w/w) by using zeolite as adsorben 90% (w/v), which is accepted as fuel grade bioethanol.
STUDI PENGARUH PROSES PERENDAMAN DAN PEREBUSAN TERHADAP KANDUNGAN KALSIUM OKSALAT PADA UMBI SENTHE (Alocasia macrorrhiza (L) Schott) Rizka Amalia; Riris Yuliana Y.S.; Andri Cahyo Kumoro
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 3, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

 Senthe (Alocasia macrorrhiza (L) Schott) is a kind of tuber that grows widely in the tropical area. Senthe has the potential as a staple food or as a interlude food with a high carbohydrate content. However, senthe contain oxalic acid which can reduce absorption of calcium  in the digestive system and calcium oxalate which causes itchiness. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of soaking and boiling process toward calcium oxalate and nutritional value in the tuber chips.In this research, the variables are the thickness of slicing (0.5 cm, 1 cm, 1.5 cm), soaking time (2 hours and 4 hours,) weight ratio between tuber and volume of salt soluion (1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, 1:7) w/v , and the boiling time at (10 min, 20 min and 30 min). Based on research result obtain that the slice thickness 1 cm is the optimum value in the reduction process. While soaking weight ratio and optimum soaking time is at 1:6 (w / v) and 4 hours. Optimum boiling time is 30 minutes. Combination of all treatments can reduce the content of calcium oxalate in senthe of 79.53%. Calcium oxalate reduction in senthe is 351 mg/100g, whereas allowable oxalate levels is 71 mg/100g (Sefa-Dedeh and Agyir-Sackey, 2004), thus,the senthe is still not safe for human consumption.
PEMISAHAN KARBON TIDAK TERBAKAR DARI ABU TERBANG DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN SISTEM DISSOLVED AIR FLOTATION (DAF) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS ABU TERBANG Vherlly Surjaatmadja; Winandyo Mangkoto; Setia Budi Sasongko
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 3, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Fly ash is a solid waste product of  coals combustion. Potential areas for the utilization of fly ash is in cement production, butthe unburned carbon in fly ash adversely affects the quality of final product (Miura, K 2010), and this research is a way to separate unburned carbon from fly ash using a flotation column with DAF system(Dissolved Air Flotation). This research is also aim to calculate the unburned carbon using LOI test (Lost On Ignition). This method, used to calculate unburned carbon content, will estimate energy potential from  fly ash recycles.The variable that used in this research is flotation times (15, 25, 35, 45, and 55) minutes and feed concentrations (10, 20, 30, 40, 50) gram/liter. The result shows that the biggest of average % reduction of LOI is 55.1782% at 55 minutes of time variable. For concentration variable there is no significant differences because the average % differences is 7.5395%. Therefore the most effective variable in this research is 50 gram/liter of concentrations and 55 minutes of flotation times.
PENGARUH KONSENTRASI SERTA PENAMBAHAN GLISEROL TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK FILM ALGINAT DAN KITOSAN Giovanni Anward; Yusuf Hidayat; Nur Rokhati
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 3, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Bioethanol used as fuel should have purity greater than 99.5%, but the conventional distillation produces only 95% purity. One way to increase the purity of ethanol is pervaporation method using selective membrane. The aim of this research is to prepare and characterize alginate and chitosan films. To determine the optimum concentration of alginate and chitosan films, both of these films were characterized. The results showed that the optimum alginate film obtained at 3% of concentration with the addition of 20% glycerol, while the optimum chitosan film obtained at 3% of concentration without the addition of glycerol. Alginate film has the highest permeability and swelling degree, while chitosan film has the lowest value. Alginate and chitosan films have the highest swelling degree in water, then 95% alcohol and the lowest is in PA alcohol.
PENGEMBANGAN PRODUKSI BIOGAS DARI LIMBAH PEMBUATAN BIODIESEL JARAK PAGAR (Jatropha curcas seed cake) Y Yufidani; Bakti Jos; Siswo Sumardiono
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 3, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Biogas is a fermentation process using anaerobic bacteria to convert organic compounds into gas with high composition of methane. Use of jatropha curcas as a biodiesel’s resources remains a problems, seed cake of jatropha curcas contains phorbol esters that is toxic. This research focused on getting an optimum yield of biogas production from jatropha curcas seed cake using additive material to reach optimum C/N ratio. Optimum C/N ratio on biogas production was range 20-30, but jatropha curcas seed cake had C/N ratio about 9/1, so it needs to be added carbon source in order to achieve optimum C/N ratio. Carbon sources that added were paddy straw and tapioca wastewater as a solvent. Process of biogas production in this research use 3 variables, that are the number of jatropha seed cake total solid, the addition of paddy straw, and using tapioca wastewater as solvent. The result showed that the optimum composition in biodigester was jatropha seed cake 6% w/v, paddy straw 3% w/v, ruminant bacteria 10% v/v, and water as solvent. The yield of biogas reached 0,163 m3/kg total solid.
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN EKSTRAK BAWANG PUTIH (Allium sativum) TERHADAP KARAKTERISIK EDIBLE FILM PATI GANYONG (Canna edulis Kerr.) Ratna Paramitha Sari; Septia Tri Wulandari; Dyah Hesti Wardhani
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 3, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Canna starch (Canna edulis Kerr.) has a relatively high amylose content about 32.53% hence it could potentially be used as raw material of edible film. The addition of additives such as antimicrobials and antioxidants should improve the quality and ability of edible film to prevent damage to food materials. Garlic (Allium sativum) contains Allicin which is a  strong antioxidant and antimicrobial agent. The purpose of this research is to study the effect of the addition and the optimal composition of garlic extract edible film characteristics. Independent variables in this study were  the canna starch concentration (3% w / v) and sorbitol concentration ( 2% w / w). The addition of variables of extract  garlic acid of 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% (v / v solution). Film  characterizing in thickness, tensile strength and percent elongation ,and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The results of this study indicate that the addition of garlic extract affects the physical and mechanical characteristics of the edible film impairment tensile strength, percent elongation and increased thickness of the edible film. The best result observed at edible films with 5% concentration of garlic extract which has a value of 2.03 kgf/cm2 tensile strength, percent elongation of 20.62%, and thickness of 0.04 mm. Whereas the SEM analysis, surface edible films with 0% concentration of garlic extract looks more refined than the edible film with  5% concentration of garlic extract.
PEMBUATAN BIODIESEL DARI MINYAK GORENG MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS KOH DENGAN PENAMBAHAN EKSTRAK JAGUNG Ndaru Okvitarini; Makrufah Hidayah I; Hantoro Satriadi; W Widayat
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 3, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Antioxidants on biodiesel can use for inhibit the oxidation events during storage or in use. The objective of this research are to study ratio corn ratio ethanol extract to oil and biodiesel and KOH consentration in biodiesel production Reactions were performed for three hours with a catalyst concentration process variables 0:25 to 1:25% and the ratio of cooking oil / corn ethanol extract of between 1:3 to 1:7. Then the separation of biodiesel from glycerol. Further test the properties of biodiesel density, viscosity, acid number, saponification number, peroxide value, iodine number. Results of analysis of 9 samples has characteristic that almost in accordance with SNI. It is proved that antioxidants work reduces the oxidation reaction. The highest conversion of biodiesel production is shown by the use reactants 1:7 is 91,75% and 1:25% catalyst is 91,5%.
PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI JAMU DAN FARMASI MENGGUNAKAN ANAEROBIC BAFFLED REACTOR SECARA SHOCK LOADING DALAM UPAYA MENGHASILKAN BIOGAS Fachry Amin N; Afifah Darda N.I.; Indro Sumantri
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 3, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

PT. Sidomuncul is one of the factories that produce waste. Wastewatergenerated at 130m3 per day. Because of the big amount of wastewater produced, it is necessary to accommodate a short in time wastewater processing, that won’t required a large area and much time. Wastewater processing results of PT. Sidomuncul has a COD value of about 15000 mg /l. Wastes with high levels of COD is well treatedby anaerobically better than aerobic. Anaerobic wastewater treatment can be done if the value of minimal COD is 1500mg /l. This research will try to process the wastewater anaerobically by shockloading method using activated sludge. The purpose of this study was to determine the activated sludgestability when it is done with shock loading method and also the effect of COD level and biogas production as changed variables such rector design, HRT, activated sludge type, and activated sludge height. Observed responses are pH effluent, COD levels, and gas production. The results of this research are the process of anaerobic wastewater shock loading on herbal medicine and pharmaceutical industry could reduce COD levels ranged from 78.46% to 93.97% and produce biogas at it’s best using organic fertilizer sludge with 1/3 height of ABR.
ISOLASI AMILOSA DAN AMILOPEKTIN DARI PATI KENTANG Ayuk Niken H; Dicky Adepristian Y; S Sumarno
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 3, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Isolation method is modification method of substances separation based on differences in solubility for amylose and amylopectin starch with high degree of purity. In general, this study aims to isolate the amylose and amylopectin from potato starch. Specifically, this study aims to determine the effect of pH, methods, and the ratio of volume to the percentage of amylose and amylopectin produced. Amylose is an unbranched polymer which, together with amylopectin starch into constituent components. The products of potato starch is used for concentrating liquid food, adhesive component, a mixture of paper and textiles, and in the cosmetics industry. Starch with amylose content used for the manufacture of biodegradable films and tablets, while amylopectin is used for the manufacture of bread, cakes, and can be used as a diet. The experiments were conducted by mixing potato starch solution, complexing solution into a bekker glass with fixed variable potato starch 40 grams, drying temperature 70°C, while the changed variable are the ratio between the volume of an aqueous suspension of potato starch complexing solution and 2:1, 2:2, 2:3, pH 4.5, 5.5, 6.5, and the method used are salting out and complexing agent. The results showed that the pH of mixed solution is the most influential variable. Optimum conditions obtained by the method of salting out with a pH of 6.5 and the ratio of the volume of an aqueous suspension of starch and complexing solution is 2:3, with the acquisition of 97,97% amylose starch and 98,692% amylopectin starch.
PEMBUATAN BIOETANOL DARI LIMBAH KEJU (WHEY) MELALUI PROSES FERMENTASI FED-BATCH DENGAN Kluyveromyces marxianus Desiyantri Siti P.; Apsari Puspita A.; Dessy Ariyanti; H Hadiyanto
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 3, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Development of bioethanol production as a renewable energy must be supported with research about finding sources of raw materials that can be converted to bioethanol product. Cheese whey is one of these raw materials. The aim of this study is to compare batch and fed-batch operation in fermentation of whey, and to determine the effect of temperature for fed-batch operation in bioethanol process. Cheese whey is by-product of the dairy industry, which contain of 4-5% lactose. Kluyveromyces marxianus is one of microorganism used to as stater during ethanol fermentation with whey as a medium. The result showed that ethanol fermentation from whey using Kluyveromyces marxianus in fed-batch system with initial pH 4,5 and temperature operation of30oC give better result than batch system. Growth rate and biomass productivity in fed-batch system are 0,186/h and 6,47 gr/Lh respectively, while for batch are 0,13/h and 4,74 gr/L h, respectively concentration and yield ofethanol for fed-batch are 7,9626 gr/L and 0,21 gr ethanol/gr substrate, for batch system are 4,6362 gr/L and0,12 gr ethanol/gr substrate. Fermentation under temperature of 30oC showed optimum growth rate and concentration of biomass which is 0,186/h and 13,4 gr/L. Maximum ethanol concentration  was achieved at7,9626 gr/L

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