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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 40 Documents
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Search results for , issue "vol. 27 no. 2 (2026)" : 40 Documents clear
Phytoplankton community response to seasonal eutrophication in Maninjau Lake, West Sumatra, Indonesia PUTI SRI KOMALA; TRI RETNANINGSIH SOEPROBOWATI; NOVERITA DIAN TAKARINA; LUKI SUBEHI; MARTA WOJEWODKA‑PRZYBYL; BUDHI PRIMASARI; TIVANY EDWIN; LIA ARLINA; REGINA MARDATILLAH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270232

Abstract

Abstract. Komala PS, Soeprobowati TR, Takarina ND, Subehi L, Wojewodka‑Przybyl M, Primasari B, Edwin T, Arlina L, Mardatillah R. 2026. Phytoplankton community response to seasonal eutrophication in Maninjau Lake, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (2): d270232. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270232. The aim of this study is to analyze the seasonal trophic status of Maninjau Lake using the Comprehensive Trophic Status Index (CTSI) and to examine its spatial and temporal relationship with the phytoplankton community structure. The water and phytoplankton samples were collected from 10 sampling points in accordance with SNI 6989-57-2008 and the ecological protocol. Results show that CTSI values ranged from 62.59 to 73.28, indicating eutrophic to hypereutrophic conditions. The trophic sub-indices showed TSI-TP values of 53.24-82.20, TSI-TN values of 50.97-61.49, and TSI-Chl-a values of 52.98-62.07. Based on spatial analysis, the trophic status is relatively homogeneous across all sampling locations, indicating widespread nutrient loading in the lake. On the other hand, higher CTSI values during the rainy season and temporal variation of CTSI are significant. The increase in CTSI was associated with a change in phytoplankton dominance from Bacillariophyceae under eutrophic conditions to Cyanophyceae under hypereutrophic conditions, reflecting tolerance to increased nutrient concentrations. The hypereutrophic status of Maninjau Lake favored opportunistic taxa, as indicated by an increase in the dominance index and decreases in diversity and evenness. Rainfall contributes to shaping phytoplankton community dynamics, affecting the trophic status of the lake. This study highlights that integrating CTSI, phytoplankton ecological indices, and rainfall variability provides a useful framework for assessing air quality degradation and ecosystem stability in tropical lakes.
Soil microbial communities and soil quality drive Arabica coffee yield in pine-coffee agroforestry under varying management intensities KARUNIAWAN PUJI WICAKSONO; PARAMYTA NILA PERMANASARI; AKBAR SAITAMA; EKO WIDARYANTO; CAHYO PRAYOGO; OKTAVIA RAHAYU ADIANINGSIH; ERNI SOFIA MURTINI; HAGUS TARNO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270240

Abstract

Abstract. Wicaksono KP, Permanasari PN, Saitama A, Widaryanto E, Prayogo C, Adianingsih OR, Murtini ES, Tarno H. 2026. Soil microbial communities and soil quality drive Arabica coffee yield in pine-coffee agroforestry under varying management intensities. Biodiversitas 27 (2): d270240. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270240. Pine-coffee agroforestry systems provide important ecological and economic benefits; however, the effects of management intensity on soil quality, microbial communities, and coffee productivity remain poorly understood. This study evaluated the effects of varying management intensities in a pine-coffee agroforestry system, focusing on soil quality, microbial populations, and coffee productivity and quality. Field observations and laboratory analyses were conducted to assess canopy cover, light intensity, litter accumulation, soil bulk density, particle density, porosity, infiltration rate, total nitrogen, organic carbon, and populations of cellulolytic bacteria, fungi, Nitrobacter, and Nitrosomonas. Coffee productivity and fruit quality attributes were also evaluated. The results showed that higher management intensities, specifically best management practices (BMP), positively enhanced soil physical and chemical properties, thereby directly improving coffee yield and quality. The result revealed that BMP management effectively reduced soil bulk density and increased porosity and infiltration rates, creating an optimal environment for coffee plant growth. BMP can offer soil media with good physical characteristics and high nutrient content. However, MC management can provide a more favorable ecosystem for the growth of soil microbial populations. The more stable abiotic factors of the ecosystem under non-intensive management can support the development of microorganisms through succession. It was also observed that BMP practices led to larger berry sizes, heavier bean weights, and higher sugar content in coffee beans, which are critical quality indicators. The study demonstrates that management intensity strongly influences the interactions among soil quality, microbial communities, and coffee performance in pine-coffee agroforestry systems. Moderate to intensive management can improve productivity, but balanced practices are required to maintain soil microbial diversity and long-term ecosystem sustainability.
Comparative wood anatomy of Rubroshorea leprosula across multiple populations in Sumatra Island, Indonesia AINUN FADILAH; FIFI GUS DWIYANTI; TRIADIATI TRIADIATI; AGUS HIKMAT; LINA KARLINASARI; ISKANDAR ZULKARNAEN SIREGAR
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270204

Abstract

Abstract. Fadilah A, Dwiyanti FG, Triadiati, Hikmat A, Karlinasari L, Siregar IZ. 2026. Comparative wood anatomy of Rubroshorea leprosula across multiple populations in Sumatra Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (2): d270204. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270204. Red meranti wood (Rubroshorea leprosula) is classified in strength classes II-IV and durability classes III-IV, making it suitable for light and heavy construction due to its high wood quality. This has led to widespread exploitation, illegal logging, and illicit trade, particularly from natural forests. Current conservation strategies lack adequate scientific support, particularly in species and origin identification, which are crucial for wood tracking. Wood anatomy is a simple, rapid, and reliable method for identifying wood species. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the wood anatomy of R. leprosula by examining visual, macroscopic, and microscopic structures to identify key characteristics that differentiate between populations. Visual characteristics were assessed based on wood color, pattern, texture, gloss, and grain orientation. Macroscopic observations were made of growth rings, vessels, intercellular canals, axial parenchyma, and ray parenchyma. Microscopic analysis was performed using a light microscope to observe cellular structures qualitatively and quantitatively. Samples were collected from five populations in Sumatra, Indonesia. Fifty wood samples (ten per population) were analyzed. Data were statistically analyzed using One-Way ANOVA and post-hoc tests to identify significant differences between populations. The results showed that evaluation of the microscopic structure successfully identified key characteristics, particularly variations in vessel diameter, that consistently differentiated among populations, with significant differences (p-value = 0.00000545) ranging from 105.2-158.7µm, most notably between samples from Bukit Tigapuluh National Park and Harapan Rainforest (p-value<0.025). This anatomical variation, potentially related to hydraulic conductivity and ecological adaptation, indicates population differentiation. This study contributes to forest biology by linking anatomical traits to adaptive functions and traceability, which are essential for the sustainable management of tropical timber resources.
Genetic diversity and mutant detection of Dendrobium bicaudatum using SRAP markers IDA AYU PUTRI DARMAWATI; YUYUN FITRIANI; GEDE WIJANA; WAFA’ NUR HANIFAH; RINDANG DWIYANI; NI LUH MADE PRADNYAWATHI; FITRIA DWI DARMAYATI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270223

Abstract

Abstract. Darmawati IAP, Fitriani Y, Wijana G, Hanifah WN, Dwiyani R, Pradnyawathi NLM, Darmayati FD. 2026. Genetic diversity and mutant detection of Dendrobium bicaudatum using SRAP markers. Biodiversitas 27 (2): d270223. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270223. Natural occurring mutations have been an important source of genetic diversity and new phenotypes for ornamental plants. However, the occurrence rate is relatively low for most plants, including Dendrobium bicaudatum. Mutation induction triggers mutations in plants and can be achieved through physical or chemical methods. One widely used chemical is Ethyl Methane Sulphonate (EMS). Molecular techniques can detect genetic changes in mutated orchids early, without the need for the plants to mature. Thus, this study aimed to investigate genetic variation and detect mutants in D. bicaudatum orchids following EMS treatment using Sequence Related Amplified Polymorphism (SRAP). This study used four SRAP primer combinations. The DNA concentration of sample B2.Chimera approaches purity, indicated by an A160/280 ratio of 1.67. The results indicated that the four primers exhibited high orchid polymorphism, ranging from 91% to 100%. A total of 47 loci and 258 DNA bands were generated using four primers, yielding a PIC value of 0.32-0.37. The high level of polymorphism detected by SRAP indicates genetic diversity in mutant plants, which importantly contributes to conservation. The analysis of genetic similarity via dendrograms revealed two primary clusters at a coefficient of 0.23: one comprising albino explants and the other consisting of non-albino explants. This result suggests that albino mutants possess genetic traits that significantly differ from those of non-albinos. Non-albino explants, including chimeras and normals, exhibited high similarity coefficients ranging from 0.63 to 0.96.
Anatomical traits and economic potential of Amorphophallus variabilis and conservation implications in Selo Arjuno Forest, Central Java, Indonesia BAIQ FARHATUL WAHIDAH; RIZKIATI KHASANAH; FADLY HUSAIN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270213

Abstract

Abstract. Wahidah BF, Khasanah R, Husain F. 2026. Anatomical traits and economic potential of Amorphophallus variabilis and conservation implications in Selo Arjuno Forest, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (2): d270213. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270213. Amorphophallus variabilis is rarely utilized or studied despite its ecological and economic value. This study aimed to identify its anatomical characteristics, secretory structure, and the distribution of ergastic substances in its organs, including assessing their implications for conservation and local economic development. The study was conducted in Selo Arjuno Forest, Kendal District, Central Java, Indonesia. Anatomical slides from six mature individuals were prepared with paraffin methods and examined under a light microscope. Socio-economic data were collected through in-depth interviews. All data were analysed descriptively. The results showed that tubers are the primary storage organs, with a very high starch granule content (±8400/mm²), far exceeding those in petioles (±25/mm²) and leaf blades (±71/mm²). Sand and druse calcium oxalate crystals dominate tubers, contributing to stress tolerance. Tannin distribution is organ-specific, namely schizogenous cavities are more abundant in petioles, while idioblasts occur more frequently in tubers. Interviews indicate that A. variabilis is rarely cultivated, although its glucomannan-rich tubers have strong potential for functional food and health products. These findings highlight the importance of functional anatomy for conservation planning. In situ conservation and community-based ex situ cultivation can support sustainable management while creating utilization opportunities that enhance local livelihoods.
Habitat heterogeneity drives fern species diversity in Bilar, Bohol, Philippines using Hill numbers MA. ANELI A. LANZADERAS; MERI JOYCE SALDOM; ANGELICA P. BALDOS
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270237

Abstract

Abstract. Lanzaderas MAA, Saldom MJ, Baldos AP. 2026. Habitat heterogeneity drives fern species diversity in Bilar, Bohol, Philippines using Hill numbers. Biodiversitas 27 (2): d270237. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270237. Ferns are ecologically vital components of tropical ecosystems, yet remain underrepresented in biodiversity assessments. This study applied the Hill numbers framework to evaluate the α-diversity of ferns across four habitat types: forest area, hilly terrain, open area, and riparian zone in Bilar, Bohol, Philippines. A total of 24 plots (10 m x 10 m each) were established, with three quadrats per habitat type in each barangay, covering an aggregate area of 2,400 m2. From these plots, we recorded 2,033 individual ferns representing 19 species. Species richness (q = 0) was highest in hilly terrain (13 species), followed by forest area (10), riparian zone (10), and open area (6). At q = 1 and q = 2, the effective numbers of species indicated comparable diversity between hilly terrain, forest area, and riparian zone, while open area showed significantly lower evenness and dominance (p<0.05). Nephrolepis cordifolia and Christella acuminata were the most widespread and abundant taxa, whereas Diplazium esculentum occurred exclusively in riparian zone, underscoring microhabitat specificity. The application of Hill numbers provided a more comprehensive and scale-independent understanding of fern diversity than traditional indices, capturing differences in both species richness and evenness. These findings emphasize that structurally and topographically complex habitats sustain higher effective species numbers. The study advocates prioritizing heterogeneous landscapes in conservation and restoration programs to enhance ecological resilience and safeguard fern diversity in fragmented tropical forests.
Soil respiration and microbial communities across different farming management of shaded coffee and pines on agroforestry system CAHYO PRAYOGO; NOVI ARFARITA; FITRIANA LUTHFININGSIH; NURULITA FAJRINA; NAYLIL AULA SHOLIH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270205

Abstract

Abstract. Prayogo C, Arfarita N, Luthfiningsih F, Fajrina N, Sholih NA. 2026. Soil respiration and microbial communities across different farming management of shaded coffee and pines on agroforestry system. Biodiversitas 27 (2): d270205. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270205. Small-scale shaded coffee and pine agroforestry has been recognized to have some advantages in ecological but it is vulnerable to climate change and yields sustainability. This study aimed to examine the impact of contrasting farmer management on soil properties, microbial respiration, and microbial structure and activities. The design of the experiment was a nested Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) of four contrasting farming management systems (LC, MC, HC, and BAU plots), consisted of three blocks of different position of sampling (zona A: 0.5 cm from coffee, B: 0.5 cm from pine, and C: in between coffee and pine stand, treated as nested sample), was within the size of 20 x 20 m, with 3 replicates in separate blocks, resulting 36 plots in total. Variables were measured: (soil C, N, C/N ratio, MBC, total/functional bacteria, respiration, coffee and pine litter, tree population, coffee production, and litter input). Data were analyzed using ANOVA, followed by DMRT (5%), and multivariate PCA, which were employed to group the treatments based on selected variables. The results showed that the HC plot, with the highest coffee population, produced the highest canopy cover, litter input, and the lowest soil pH, but it provided the largest total bacterial population and greatest soil respiration and MBC, which was significantly different from other plots. The least pine population at BAU plots increases soil C and N, contains 2 x higher N-fixing bacteria than treatment, and produces the greatest coffee yields. PCA revealed that there was a strong relationship between soil respiration and total soil bacteria population, soil MBC, soil C/N ratio and pine litter, significantly separating the different farmer management.
Foliar trichome variations in 49 accessions of Solanum aethiopicum (Solanaceae) LAILANI A. MASUNGSONG; MARIA CELESTE N. BANATICLA-HILARIO; NONNATUS S. BAUTISTA; LERMA SJ. MALDIA; NELSON M. PAMPOLINA; INOCENCIO E. BUOT JR.
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270221

Abstract

Abstract. Masungsong LA, Banaticla-Hilario MCN, Bautista NS, Maldia LS, Pampolina NM, Buot Jr. IE. 2026. Foliar trichome variations in 49 accessions of Solanum aethiopicum (Solanaceae). Biodiversitas 27 (2): d270221. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270221. Trichomes are essential micromorphological structures that mediate plant-environment interactions. Although trichome diversity has been extensively documented across the genus Solanum, available information for Solanum aethiopicum remains limited. This study aimed to investigate foliar trichomes in 49 accessions from Hortanova Farm and Research Center, Eastwest Seed Company, Inc., in Lipa City, Batangas, Philippines, to characterize their morphology, classify trichome types, and analyze patterns of intraspecific variation. Observations were performed using light microscopy (200x magnification), supported by standardized morphometric and structural criteria. A diagnostic dichotomous key was subsequently developed to aid in identification. Ten distinct trichome types were recognized, consisting of glandular (Types 3 and 6) and non-glandular forms (Types 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, and 10). Stellate trichomes were dominant, and four newly described stellate types (Types 7, 8, 9, and 10) were reported. Among these, Type 9, a non-glandular stellate trichome with straight radial rays, appeared consistently across all accessions and emerged as a robust diagnostic feature, whereas Types 1 and 2 occurred only in specific accessions, indicating potential trait exclusivity. The widespread distribution of Type 9 and contrasting morphological differences suggest adaptive significance. These findings expand micromorphological knowledge and present taxonomic implications for S. aethiopicum.
Vegetation dynamics of canopy tree species of Lendrikia Reserve Forest, Kandhamal, Odisha, India ANITA DASH; RABINDRA KUMAR MISHRA; BIDYUT KUMAR PATRA; ASHIS KUMAR DASH; ADITI SAHU; ANIL KUMAR BISWAL; VEERENDRA PRATAP UPADHYAY
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270217

Abstract

Abstract. Dash A, Mishra RK, Patra BK, Dash A, Sahu A, Biswal AK, Upadhyay VP. 2026. Vegetation dynamics of canopy tree species of Lendrikia Reserve Forest, Kandhamal, Odisha, India. Biodiversitas 27 (2): d270217. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270217. Sustainable management of forests, especially tropical forests, is essential to comprehend how the phytosociological attributes and diversity indices of canopy tree species affect forest structure and to propose forest management options. The moist deciduous forest covers of Lendrikia Reserve Forest (LRF), an ecologically sensitive and biodiverse area in Phulbani Forest Division, Kandhamal, Odisha, India, have not yet been assessed, though numerous studies have been conducted in various tropical forest covers of India and Odisha. To address this knowledge gap, we examined phytosociological attributes of canopy tree species in the tropical moist deciduous forests of LRF in Phulbani Forest Division. Forty quadrats (20 m × 20 m) were randomly laid within the reserve forest for the study. A total of 70 canopy tree species from 55 genera and 23 families was recorded. Across species, the basal area of the species ranged from 0.233 to 2.66 m² ha-¹, totalling to 27.6 m² ha-¹, and the density from 0.625 to 43.75 individuals ha⁻¹, totalling to 575 individuals ha-¹. The Shannon wiener diversity, evenness, richness, concentration of dominance, and beta diversity of species were 3.92, 0.92, 10.11, 0.26, and 6.65, respectively, indicating the heterogeneous nature of the reserve forest. In terms of Importance Value Index (IVI), Shorea robusta (17.74) was the most dominant tree species, followed by Ficus religiosa (10.51), Terminalia anogeissiana (9.24), Schleichera oleosa (8.67), Melia azedarach (8.41), and Lannea coromandelica (8.31) as co-dominants. The conservation status of tree species of the reserve, as per the IUCN Red list category, includes vulnerable (04), critically endangered (01), endangered (01), and near-threatened species (02). The present study emphasizes that the combined knowledge of phytosociological characters, along with documentation of the conservation status of canopy tree species, is essential for prioritizing conservation efforts for managing resources and ensuring the long-term sustainability of both the plant species and the forest ecosystem.
Phytochemical profile, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of methanolic extract of Peperomia pellucida leaves revealed by GC-MS and molecular docking SUBAKIR SALNUS; ABDUL WAHID WAHAB; MUHARRAM MUHARRAM; RUGAIYAH ANDI ARFAH; SYAHRUDDIN KASIM; ARINI RAJAB; ABDUR RAHMAN ARIF; ZULFIAN ARMAH; RIZAL IRFANDI; MUHAMMAD NUR ALAM; M. YASSER
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270219

Abstract

Abstract. Salnus S, Wahab AW, Muharram, Arfah RA, Kasim S, Rajab A, Arif AR, Armah Z, Irfandi R, Alam MN, Yasser M. 2026. Phytochemical profile, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of methanolic extract of Peperomia pellucida leaves revealed by GC-MS and molecular docking. Biodiversitas 27 (2): d270219. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270219. A comprehensive analysis of the methanol extract of Peperomia pellucida leaves was conducted using various analytical techniques, revealing a complex profile of bioactive compounds with potential therapeutic applications. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis identified 43 bioactive compounds within the extract, with sesquiterpenoids emerging as the predominant class of compounds. The major components identified were dillapiole (41.77%), N,N'-diacridin-9-yl-hydrazine (7.44%), and caryophyllene (6.94%), highlighting the diverse chemical composition of the extract. This extract demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against several bacterial strains, indicating its potential as a natural antimicrobial agent. Notably, it exhibited moderate effects against Klebsiella pneumoniae. The largest inhibition zone was observed against Staphylococcus aureus (14 mm), followed by Salmonella typhi (12 mm), Shigella sp. (12 mm), and Escherichia coli (11 mm). The smallest inhibition zone was recorded for K. pneumoniae (10 mm), indicating a moderate susceptibility, suggesting its possible application in treating infections caused by this pathogen. Furthermore, the extract showed remarkable antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 4.30 µg/mL, underscoring its potential as a natural source of antioxidants. Molecular docking analysis provided insights into the mechanism of action of the components of the extract. Dillapiole, the most abundant compound (41.77%), displayed a strong binding affinity (-70.53 kJ/mol) for S. aureus proteins, suggesting its potential as a lead compound for developing novel antibacterial agents, particularly against S. aureus infections. Fourier-Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy confirmed the presence of polyphenolic functional groups in the extract, further supporting its antioxidant properties. Overall, these results demonstrate that P. pellucida possesses potent antimicrobial and antioxidant activities linked to its diverse phytochemical composition. These findings highlight P. pellucida as a promising source of natural antioxidants and antimicrobials that support biodiversity-based drug discovery and underscore the importance of conserving medicinal plant resources for future therapeutic development.

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