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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Characterizations of endophytic Bacillus strains from tomato roots as growth promoter and biocontrol of Ralstonia solanacearum YULMIRA YANTI; WARNITA WARNITA; REFLIN REFLIN; CHAINUR RAHMAN NASUTION
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 19 No. 3 (2018)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d190320

Abstract

Yanti Y, Warnita, Reflin, Nasution CR. 2018. Characterizations of endophytic Bacillus strains from tomato roots as growth promoter and biocontrol of Ralstonia solanacearum. Biodiversitas 19: 906-911. Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is the most damaging vascular pathogens in tomato and many other crops in tropical, subtropical and warm temperate areas of the world limiting its production. Biological agents such as Plant growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) is considered as a potential biological control agent for the suppression of plant diseases such as bacterial wilt. Bacillus spp. are one of the most potential genera of PGPR group used for controlling pathogens and promoting plant growth because of their spore-forming ability which increases their adaptation to the environment. The aims of the research were to isolate Endophytic Bacillus isolates, to characterize its ability as plant growth promoter and pathogen controller, and to identify its molecular genetic using 16S rRNA. Bacillus strains were isolated from healthy tomato roots. All Bacillus spp. strains acquired from isolation were then screened directly on plants in completely randomized design experiments with 3 replications. All potential strains were screened and identified using 16S rRNA with 27F and 1492R primers. Results showed that out of 15 obtained isolates, 6 of them showed a good ability to both promote growth and control R. solanacearum. All isolates were identified as B. Pseudomycoides strain NBRC 101232, B. cereus strain CCM 2010, B. toyonensis strain BCT-7112, B. anthracis strain ATCC 14578, B. cereus strain JCM 2152 and B. cereus ATCC 14579.
An analysis of capture fisheries resource depletion in Cirata Reservoir, West Java, Indonesia ZUZY ANNA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 19 No. 3 (2018)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d190323

Abstract

Anna Z. 2018. An analysis of capture fisheries resource depletion in Cirata Reservoir, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 927-935. Fisheries in public waters such as the Cirata Reservoir in West Java, Indonesia are potential economic resources that should not be ignored. They play an important role in food security for the surrounding communities. Unfortunately, natural capture fisheries in Cirata Reservoir have received less attention in the past than aquaculture which dominates economic activity in the waters. Recently, the condition of the dam has deteriorated as a result of major aquaculture activity with extensive use of artificial feedstock; an increase in industrial and domestic waste entering the waters; and open access fisheries management that has allegedly caused depletion of the natural fish resources of the waters. From time to time there have been observed declines in the natural capture fisheries production. The research reported in this paper aimed to estimate the extent of this depletion and associated economic depreciation of capture fish resources in the Cirata Reservoir. Bio-economic methods were used to calculate the potential sustainable utilization of the resources. The analytical model of Logistic Gordon-Schaefer (GS) and Fox models provided the framework for the analysis. The fish depletion was calculated by comparing the potential sustainable utilization and the value of the actual utilization, based on quarterly data for the years 2011 up to 2016. Depreciation was calculated in terms of unit rent loss as a result of the depletion. The analysis showed that depletion of fish resources occurred in certain quarters between years of 2011 to 2016. The value of the total depletion over this period for the GS model amounted to 835.13 tons with an estimated value for depreciation of IDR 5.93 Billion, or IDR 84.71 Billion in Present Value term. For Fox Model, the depletion reaches 1421.35 Ton, with a value of IDR 10.09 Billion, or 144.17 Billion in Present Value term. This value represents the economic loss due to depletion of the fisheries resource in Cirata Reservoir. The policy implication of this fish depletion is that there is a need for better management of the aquatic habitat, by reducing water pollution load, and by regulation of capture fisheries through input/output restrictions based on the conceptual tools of Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) and Maximum Economic Yield (MEY).
Short Communication: First record of the Genus Calamaria (Squamata: Colubridae: Calamariinae) from Karimunjawa Island, Indonesia: Morphology and systematic IRVAN SIDIK; DADANG R. SUBASLI; SUTIMAN B. SUMITRO; NASHI WIDODO; NIA KURNIAWAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 19 No. 3 (2018)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d190321

Abstract

Sidik I, Subasli DR, Sumitro SB, Widodo N, Kurniawan N. 2018. Short Communication: First record of the Genus Calamaria (Squamata: Colubridae: Calamariinae) from Karimunjawa Island, Indonesia: Morphology and systematic. Biodiversitas 19: 912-917. We present the first record of the Genus Calamaria from Karimunjawa Island, Central Java, Indonesia based on an unfathomable single specimen collected in the coastal forest of Legon Moto. Morphological characters analysis revealed the specimen as Calamaria melanota. This finding unravels the extent of the species distribution which was previously thought to be restricted in Borneo, representing the southernmost record of this species. The examined specimen is described in detail and meticulously compared with other Calamaria species such as C. battersbyi, C. borneensis, C. linnaei. Our study highlights several characteristic differences between the specimen and the holotype of C. melanota.
The income structure of smallholder forest farmers in rural Sumbawa, Indonesia BUDIMAN ACHMAD; DIAN DINIYATI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 19 No. 3 (2018)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d190324

Abstract

Achmad B, Diniyati D. 2018. The income structure of smallholder forest farmers in rural Sumbawa, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 936-946. This research investigated the economic well-being of forest farmers in Labuhan Badas Village, Sumbawa regency of Indonesia. It aimed: (i) to describe the daily economic activities of community-based forest (HKm) farmers who reside inside the state forest and of farmers in privately owned forest (POF) who reside outside the state forest areas; and (ii) to analyse their income structure in relation to the corresponding economic activities. The research was conducted from August 2015 to April 2016. The survey sample consisted of 34 HKm and 34 POF farmers who were selected purposively. Data collected through interview and focus group discussion techniques were analyzed descriptively. The research determined that the incomes of HKm farmers were generated from14 sources, mainly from activities in the non-agricultural sector, while those for POF farmers were generated from 12 sources mainly from activities in the agricultural sector. The total income of HKm farmers was significantly lower than the income of POF farmers and indicated a moderate level of economic disadvantage. The economic welfare of farmers in both research locations has been assessed to be below an adequate level. Therefore various economic innovations such as the cultivation of honey bees and the processing of unused potential resources (e.g. making wine from cashew fruit) are needed to accelerate the attainment of a decent level of economic well-being
The distribution of vertical leaves and leaves biomass on ten mangrove species at Ngurah Rai Forest Park, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia I PUTU GEDE ARDHANA; I M.G. S. RIMBAWAN; PUJO NUR CAHYO; YUYUN FITRIANI; SISKA ROHANI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 19 No. 3 (2018)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d190322

Abstract

Ardhana IPG, Rimbawan IMGS., Cahyo PN, Fitriani Y, Rohani S. 2018. The distribution of vertical leaves and leaves biomass on ten mangrove species at Ngurah Rai Forest Park, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 918-926. The distribution of vertical leaves and leaves biomass which forms the mangrove crown divides into three parts, namely the top part, the middle part, and the bottom part. Total amount leaves on any parts are highly variable depending on height of each species. The relationship between the height of tree with the crown thickness depended on total leaves of each crown on each species as well as the relationship between the total leaves biomass of each crown on each species, with the height and volume of tree stems, also has variation on each mangrove species. Author examined the relationship between the photosynthetic organs with non-photosynthetic organs, especially on stems in each species. The high total amount of leaves and large total amount leaves biomass deeply is depended on diameter and growth height which are presented in the form of stem volumes. On the relationship between the photosynthetic organs and non-photosynthetic organs on each mangrove species, also has been examined. The higher total amount of leaves or the total amount of leaves biomass largely depended on the stem volume of mangroves. This indicates that the production of photosynthetic organ either in the form of the total amount of leaves or the total amount of leaves biomass serve to support growth of the stem mangrove trees (height of stem, diameter of stem and volume of stem).
Phenotypic identification of indigenous fungi and lactic acid bacteria isolated from ’gatot’ an Indonesian fermented food ASTRIANI ASTRIANI; NURUD DINIYAH; JAY JAYUS; NURHAYATI NURHAYATI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 19 No. 3 (2018)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d190325

Abstract

Astriani A, Diniyah N, Jayus J, Nurhayati N. 2018. Phenotypic identification of indigenous fungi and lactic acid bacteria isolated from ’gatot’ an Indonesian fermented food. Biodiversitas 19: 947-954. As a traditional Indonesian food made from cassava, ‘gatot' has special attracted characters of black appearance and chewy texture, mainly as a result of certain fungi and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) during the spontaneous fermentation. However, many producers were failed to gain these typical properties since much unwanted microbial strain often appears during the spontaneous fermentation. Therefore, this study was conducted to isolate and identify the indigenous fungi and LAB which predominantly contributed in fermentation of cassava during ‘gatot’ production. Fungi and LAB were isolated from conventionally made of the ‘gatot’ followed by the phenotypic identification of the isolates based on the morphological and physiological properties. The fungi isolates were morphologically distinguished by the type of mycelia, the shape, and color of the sporangium, while the LAB strains were identified by the type of cell and colony form. In addition, the physiological behavior of the LAB isolates was characterized by their typical growth temperature, its catalase activity and its fermentation profile using BBL crystal kit test. The predominant fungi isolates were identified as Botryodiplodia theobromae, Rhizopus oligosporus, Trichoderma sp. and Aspergillus niger. B. theobromae had greyish white to black color of mycelia when it mature. R. oligosporus had globose sporangium and blackish grey color of the mature mycelia. Trichoderma sp. had green color of the mature sporangium and mycelia. A. niger had yellow color of the mycelia and black color of sporangium. Meanwhile, the indigenous LAB was majority identified as Lactobacillus manihotivorans, Bacillus licheniformis, Brevibacillus brevis and Lactobacillus fermentum. Those bacteria were gram-positive, rods shape, catalase-negative and grew optimally at 37oC. The LAB also arise frequently in many spontaneously fermented food. B. theobromae, R. oligosporus, L. manihotivorans, and L. fermentum were potential and non-pathogenic microbial, which can be used as a starter culture to produce ‘gatot’ under controlled fermentation process.
Short Communication: Viability and environmental effect to conidial germination of antagonistic fungi that potential as biological control of Colletotrichum gloeosporoides caused antracnose disease on chili NURBAILIS NURBAILIS; MARTINIUS MARTINIUS; VERRY AZNIZA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 19 No. 3 (2018)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d190328

Abstract

Authors. 2018. Short Communication: Viability and environmental effect to conidial germination of antagonistic fungi that potential as biological control of Colletotrichum gloeosporoides caused antracnose disease on chili. Biodiversitas 19: 974-977. Some of antagonistic fungi from chili rhizosphere were potential to suppress the growth of colletotrichum gloeosporoides in vitro. This present study was aimed to observe the viability of antagonistic fungi and effect of temperature and ultraviolet light to its conidial germination. We targeted to obtain the isolate with the best viability and high resistance to temperature and ultraviolet changes. The experiment used a completely randomized design consisted of nine treatments and four replication. The treatment were nine of antagonistic fungi isolates from chili rhizosphere that consisted of two genera, Trichoderma and Paecilomyces, each comprised four isolates and unidentified isolate (X isolate). These four isolates were considered as replication for observation. The observed parameters observe included the width of colony, density of conidia, germination of conidia, effect of temperature and ultraviolet light changes to conidial germination. The results showed that antagonistic fungi from the genus Trichoderma had the best viability (the width of colony = 39.68-56.92 cm2, density of conidia 40.50-57.50 x 109 conidia/mL and germination of conidia > 80%) and highest resistance to temperature and ultraviolet changes compared with the other fungi used in this study.
Assessments of farmers? perception and utilization status of Brachiaria grass in selected areas of Ethiopia WUBETIE ADNEW; BERHANU A. TSEGAY; ASAMINEW TASSEW; BIMREW ASMARE
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 19 No. 3 (2018)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d190326

Abstract

Adnew W, Tsegay BA, Tassew A, Asmare B. 2018. Assessments of farmers? perception and utilization status of Brachiaria grass in selected areas of Ethiopia. Biodiversitas 19: 955-966. The study was conducted to evaluate farmers? perception and utilization status of Brachiaria grass in selected areas of Ethiopia. It was done between April and June 2017. The study employed a multistage sampling method based on the level of distribution of Brachiaria grass as push-pull technology and animal feeds. Respondent farmers were selected purposely based on their practice of Brachiaria grass production and use. A total of 280 household heads, 160 from Oromiya and 120 from Amhara regions, proportionally selected were interviewed. The average land holding per household was 1.79±1.73 hectares and average household size was 6.60±1.99 persons. Identified constraints of forage production were ranked as land shortage (1st), free grazing (2nd), lack and high cost of planting materials (3rd), poor extension service (4th), drought (5th), and lack of awareness (6th). Of the problems, the finding indicated that feed shortage during long dry season (77.0%) is a critical problem. From total respondents, 96.1% faced feed shortage for their livestock at least once a year. Major constraints to improve forage production were ranked as land shortage, unmanaged grazing, lack of grass planting materials, poor extension service and drought, orderly. All respondents (100%) from Oromiya and 52.1% of respondents from Amhara have got training about use of Brachiaria grass. Majority of the respondents (97.3%) believed that Brachiaria grass is much productive compared to other grasses. Overall, the study showed that training to farmers and adequate provision of extension services on the use of Brachiaria grass are necessary to exploit the potential of the grass in the study districts as well as the country at large.
Morphogenetic and population structure of two species marine bivalve (Ostreidae: Saccostrea cucullata and Crassostrea iredalei) in Aceh, Indonesia MUTIA RAMADHANIATY; ISDRAJAD SETYOBUDIANDI; HAWIS H. MADDUPPA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 19 No. 3 (2018)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d190329

Abstract

Ramadhaniaty M, Setyobudiandi I, Madduppa HH. 2018. Morphogenetic and population structure of two species marine bivalve (Ostreidae: Saccostrea cucullata and Crassostrea iredalei) in Aceh, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 978-988. Oysters (Family Ostreidae) are mollusks, with high levels of phenotypic plasticity and wide geographic distribution. Oysters are a challenging group for morphological identification and genetic populations study. Saccostrea cucullata and Crassostrea iredalei are oysters from bivalve class that lives in the intertidal area and mangrove ecosystem. To clarify the morphology, genetic diversity and population structure of the two forms of S. cucullata and C. iredalei, we collected and studied oysters from three locations along the coastal region of Aceh by using morphometric method and 16 S mtDNA sequences analysis. We also added more oysters sequences from China, Japan, and Thailand to determine the connectivity between all populations. Morphometric characteristics of the oyster showed a negative allometric growth pattern, which means the rate of length gain is faster than that of the weight gain. The genetic distance from S. cucullata was 0.003-0.004 (Fst = 0.708) and C. iredalei was 0.000 (Fst = 0.971). The long genetic distance and high fixation index (Fst) in the oysters population are caused by the close geographical distance of the species in the three populations. The haplotype diversity value from S. cucullata and C. iredalei were 20 and 3, respectively. The haplotype showed the connectivity among the oyster populations which indicated by the gene flow pattern. The gene flow was affected by geographical distance and environmental complexity.
Adaptation behavior of Bornean Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus morio) reintroduction in Kehje Sewen Forest, East Kalimantan, Indonesia SYAHIK NUR BANI; DYAH PERWITASARI-FARAJALLAH; SRI SUCI UTAMI ATMOKO; JAMARTIN SIHITE
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 19 No. 3 (2018)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d190330

Abstract

Bani SN, Perwitasari-Farajallah D, Atmoko SSU, Sihite J. 2018. Adaptation behavior of Bornean Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus morio) reintroduction in Kehje Sewen Forest, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 989-996. Bornean Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) are grouped into three subspecies, including Pongo pygmaeus morio that spreads from Sabah to the southern parts of Mahakam River in East Kalimantan. Forest conversion is the main threat to the populations and habitat of Bornean orangutans. The orangutans which have been confiscated are going through rehabilitation process and reintroduction. Efforts should be taken to seize or confiscate orangutans as much as possible and return them to their natural forest habitat. This research aimed:  (i) to measure the development of rehabilitated orangutans in their post-release adaptation in native forest, especially in activity budget, diet, nesting and strata usage, in comparison to wild orangutans in the Danum Valley, (ii) to identify factors determining successful reintroduction of orangutans based on their final stage in rehabilitation process. Daily activities of four adult females of the orangutan with different types of last stage rehabilitation processes (pre-release island vs. cages) were compared during the monitoring of their behavior one year after their release in Kehje Sewen forest using focal animal sampling method. The analysis showed that diet pattern of all individuals resembled that of their wild orangutan counterparts. Meanwhile, activity pattern, strata usage, and nesting behavior was related to individual's capabilities and not determined by the type of final stage in the rehabilitation process. We assumed other factors should be considered as success factors of reintroduction.

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