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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Community structure of nekton in the upstream of Wampu Watershed, North Sumatra, Indonesia DESRITA DESRITA; AHMAD MUHTADI; ISTEN SWENO TAMBA; JENI ARIYANTI; RINA DRITA SIBAGARIANG
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 19 No. 4 (2018)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d190424

Abstract

Desrita, Muhtadi A, Tamba IS, Ariyanti J, Sibagariang RD. 2018. Community structure of nekton in the upstream of Wampu Watershed, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1366-1374. River is a habitat for many aquatic organisms. Water quality is the main river characteristic that strongly influences distribution pattern, biodiversity, and abundance of aquatic organisms. Nekton is aquatic organism that swims and moves actively on their desire, for example, fish, shrimp, amphibian and also big aquatic insects. The purpose of this research was to know the habitat condition and biodiversity of nekton in the upstream of Wampu watershed. The habitat condition was measured by examining the temperature, visibility, flow velocity, depth of waters, dissolved oxygen, pH, kind of substrate, the width of the river, body width of river and rate of flow of the river. The type of nekton was determined by catching the nekton using a backpack of electrofishing unit with an electric flow of 12 Volt and 9 Ampere. The upstream habitat condition of Wampu watershed was characterized by big stone, pebble, sandy type of substrate with moderate to strong current flow, and the clear aquatic. Physical and chemical parameters in upstream of Wampu watershed were still sustainable and appropriate as habitat for fish and shrimp. The result of this research showed a variety of nekton collected, comprised of 27 species of fish, five species of shrimp of inland water. Two species of fish from Tor genera, i.e., T. soro and T. tambroides were also found in this study. The highest diversity (H´) in this research site was the Bahorok River (2.12), followed by Landak River (1.93) at the second, and the lowest was Berkail River with only about 1.50 diversity index.
Molecular phylogenetic inference of White-Spotted Guitarfish (Rhynchobatus australiae) collected from local Malaysian fish markets BADRUL MUNIR MD-ZAIN; SHAHIDATINA AISHAH ABDUL-MUTALIB
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 19 No. 4 (2018)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d190426

Abstract

Md-Zain BM, Abdul-Mutalib SA, Aifat NR, Masstor NH, Mohd-Yusof NS, Mohd-Hashim A, Abdul-Latiff MAB, Yaakop S, Samat A. 2018. Molecular phylogenetic inference of White-Spotted Guitarfish (Rhynchobatus australiae) collected from local Malaysian fish markets. Biodiversitas 19: 1382-1386. The white-spotted guitarfish (Rhynchobatus australiae) is in high demand at local Malaysian fish markets because its fins are a valuable food source. To date, few molecular studies have characterized their genetic identity. We have conducted a molecular study to infer the phylogenetic relationships of white-spotted guitarfish, which portray a similar morphology to sharks and rays. The main objective of this study was to determine the phylogenetic position of R. australiae using cytochrome oxidase I (COI) sequences of mitochondrial DNA based on fish samples collected from local Malaysian fish markets. This study included nine genetic samples of R. australiae and fourteen samples from other members of the shark and ray families, including Sphyrna lewini (Sphyrnidae), Rhizoprionodon oligolinx and Carcharhinus sorrah (Carcharhinidae), Dasyatis zugei, Himantura walga, Himantura gerradi, Himantura jenkinsii and Neotrygon kuhlii (Dasyatidae). Chimaera fulva, a member of the Chimaera family, was used as the outgroup. Sequences in size of ~701 base pairs were successfully obtained from all fish samples. The phylogenetic tree topology was reconstructed using distance-based (neighbor-joining) and character-based (maximum parsimony) methods using MEGA and PAUP software. Results indicated that R. australiae formed monophyletic clade and is closely related to sharks (Sphyrnidae and Carcharhinidae). This conclusion was also supported by genetic distance analysis which indicated that Rhynchobatidae and sharks (Carcharhinidae and Sphyrnidae) were closer to each other than to rays (Dasyatidae). This study has proven the efficiency of the COI mitochondrial locus in revealing the phylogenetic position of R. australiae. Research findings from this study have increased our understanding of the phylogenetic relationships among guitarfish, sharks, and rays, and their respective taxonomic positions are given their shared morphological characters. This will benefit us in identifying these fish species before consumption from local fish markets.
Towards zero burning peatland preparation: Incentive scheme and stakeholders role MURNIATI MURNIATI; SRI SUHARTI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 19 No. 4 (2018)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d190428

Abstract

Murniati, Suharti S. 2018. Towards zero burning peatland preparation: Incentive scheme and stakeholders role. Biodiversitas 19: 1396-1405. Zero burning during peatland preparation should be implemented to prevent disturbance of its natural biodiversity as well as to minimize the triggering factors of forest fire incidents in Indonesia. The objective of the research is to study method and cost of peatland preparation, alternative incentive schemes to be applied in order to facilitate zero burning farming as well as to identify potential stakeholders involved in the implementation of the incentive. The research was done in Siak District, Riau Province during May to December 2016 through field observation and interview. Two groups of respondents interviewed in the research, i.e., peatland farmers (40 respondents) and officials of related institutions (32 respondents), who were selected through purposive sampling method. The results showed there were three methods of peatland preparation at the research sites practiced by the farmers: (i) Under control burning, (ii) Zero burning, manually and (iii) Zero burning, mechanically. Actual cost of zero burning is significantly higher or more than two times than that of under control burning method. Therefore, there is a need to provide the smallholders peatland farmers with an incentive scheme to support zero burning practice. Margin of cost between zero burning (manually) and under control burning of peatland preparation methods is recommended to be used as standard for incentive. The incentive should be in the form of compulsory programs and applied gradually to assure zero burning peatland preparation widely implemented. Potential stakeholders involved and their commitment to implement the incentive scheme should be encouraged.
Identification of active compounds and anti-acne activity from extracts and fractions of surian (Toona sinensis) leaves planted in Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia ERISA FEBRIYANI; SYAMSUL FALAH; DIMAS ANDRIANTO; TIEN LASTINI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 19 No. 4 (2018)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d190429

Abstract

Febriyani E, Falah S, Andrianto D, Lastini T. 2018. Identification of active compounds and anti-acne activity from extracts and fractions of surian (Toona sinensis) leaves planted in Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1406-1412. Surian or toon (Toona sinensis Merr) leave is one of the herbs containing many bioactive compounds as potential sources of anti-acne agents. The aim of this work is to identify and evaluate the anti-acne activity of Surian leaves extract and fractions against acne bacteria. Crude extracts of Surian leaves from various solvents (methanol, ethanol, and ethyl acetate) were screened for their antimicrobial activity using disc diffusion. The results showed that ethyl acetate extract demonstrated the highest inhibition against Propionibacterium acne (49.93%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (57.14%), Staphylococcus aureus (18.93%), and Eschericia coli (82.03%). The results of Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) showed that the methanol extract had the highest cytotoxicity of LC50 at 29.76 ?g/mL. The extract was then fractionated using column chromatography, resulted in 6 fractions. The fraction 3 showed the best antibacterial effect against P. acne (28.27%), S. epidermidis (7.38%) and S. aureus (10.38%). Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) test were carried out using liquid dilution, whereas dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and Clindamycin were used as a negative and positive control, respectively. The MIC and MBC test assays of fraction 3 varied for different bacteria P. acne bacteria (5000 and 5000 ppm), S. aureus (1250 and 10000 ppm), E. coli (2500 and 5000 ppm), while for S. epidermidis the fraction 3 was able to inhibit with MIC value of 5000 ppm. Based on microscopic observation using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), the fraction 3 at the dose of 5000 ppm could promote the cellular destruction of P. acne. Further experiment using Liquid Chromatography-Tendem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) showed various compounds associated with the anti-acne activity of the fraction 3, such as pheophorbide a, pheophytin a and dihomo-?-linolenic acid.
Phytoplankton biodiversity and its relationship with aquatic environmental factors in Lake Uvildy, South Urals, Russia ANASTASIYA M. KOSTRYUKOVA; IRINA V. MASHKOVA; TATYANA G. KRUPNOVA; NIKITA O. EGOROV
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 19 No. 4 (2018)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d190431

Abstract

Kostryukova AM, Mashkova V, Krupnova TG, Egorov NO. 2018. Phytoplankton biodiversity and its relationship with aquatic environmental factors in Lake Uvildy, South Urals, Russia. Biodiversitas 19: 1422-1428. Lake Uvildy is one of the largest and the most unique of the South Ural region lakes. This mountain deep lake, which has the status of a natural monument. The purpose of this paper was to study the phytoplankton community structure and the aquatic environmental factors in Lake Uvildy. The phytoplankton samples were collected from 5 sites of Lake Uvildy, then filtered through the plankton net and were preserved in 5% formalin. Species were identi?ed using the handbooks by Sladecek, Yarushina, and Al-Kandari. Water samples were taken for water quality analysis. The several physicochemical parameters were measured in situ by a Portable Meters (Multitest IPL-513 and Multitest KSL-111, Semico Ltd, Russia, Novosibirsk). The others parameters were measured in the laboratory of the Department of Chemistry of the South Ural State University according to the standard methods. The sampling was made during the vegetation period in June-July 2014. The water quality was evaluated using the Shannon biodiversity index. A total of 38 species (11 phyla, 31 genera), including 9 species of Chlorophyta, 13 species of Bacillariophyta, 9 species of Cyanophyta, 4 species of Euglenophyta, 2 species of Chrysophyta, 1 species of Dinophyta, were identified. The phytoplankton species in the lake were mainly represented by Cyanophyta and Bacillariophyta. There were 5 dominant species: Fragilaria crotonensis, Asterionella formosa, Dolichospermum lemmermannii, Microcystis aeruginosa, and Coenococcus planktonicus. The Shannon index value comprised 1.27-2.21. According to the saprobity index values (1.63-2.35), the water in the late is evaluated as satisfactorily clean. Physico-chemical parameters were factors driving the change in phytoplankton community composition in Lake Uvildy.
Carbon mineralization dynamics of tropical peats in relation to peat characteristics AKHMAD R. SAIDY; ZURAIDA T. MARIANA; FENGKY A. ADJI; ROSSIE W. NUSANTARA; IRMA FITRIA; SYAHRINUDIN SYAHRINUDIN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 19 No. 4 (2018)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d190430

Abstract

Saidy AR, Mariana ZT, Adji FA, Nusantara RW, Fitria I, Syahrinudin. 2018. Carbon mineralization dynamics of tropical peats in relation to peat characteristics. Biodiversitas 19: 1413-1421. Understanding the dynamics of carbon mineralization of peats in the tropical areas is of essential significance in controlling carbon dioxide (CO2) gas emission rates. An incubation study of tropical peats sampled from 3 different sites of the Barito Basin on the Borneo Island, Indonesia (uncultivated, used for paddy cultivation for £ 5 years and 5-10 years) was carried out to investigate a relationship between CO2 production and peat characteristics. Results of study revealed that land use change from uncultivated peats to paddy fields resulted in significant changes in the chemical structure of peat organic carbon. Carbohydrate contents of the peat decreased significantly as a consequence of the conversion of natural peats to paddy fields. However, the paddy peats contained higher lignin than uncultivated peats. Changes in the chemical structure of the tropical peats resulted in changes in carbon mineralization. Carbon mineralization of uncultivated peats ranged from 2925-5310 mg CO2-C kg-1 peat, while carbon mineralization of 1065-2678 mg CO2-C kg-1 C peat was observed for paddy peats. Moreover, carbon mineralization data obtained from the experiment fitted properly to a two-pool C mineralization model. The developed carbon mineralization model showed that slowly and rapidly decomposable pools have a close relation with rubbed fiber and carbohydrate content data. Thus, results of this study suggested that carbon mineralization of peats could be estimated appropriately using rubbed fiber and carbohydrate content data.
Estimation of CPUE and CPUA of three caught fish by bottom trawler in the Motaf fishing grounds, Bushehr Province, Persian Gulf, Iran SEYED MOHAMMAD SEYED HOSSEINI; SEYED YOUSEF PAIGHAMBARI; MOJTABA POULADI; MOHAMMAD JAVAD SHABANI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 19 No. 4 (2018)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d190433

Abstract

Seyed Hosseini SM, Paighambari SY, Pouladi M, Shabani MJ. 2018. Estimation of CPUE and CPUA of three caught fish by bottom trawler in the Motaf fishing grounds, Bushehr Province, Persian Gulf, Iran. Biodiversitas 19: 1434-1440. This study was conducted to estimate catch per unit effort (CPUE) and catch per unit area (CPUA) of Giant trevally (Caranx ignobilis Forsskål, 1775), Bigeye scad (Selar crumenophthalmus (Bloch, 1793), and Sulphur goatfish (Upeneus sulphureus (Cuvier, 1829). Sampling operations were done by a stern trawler in the Motaf fishing grounds located in the Persian Gulf during summer 2016. Overall, 36 hauls were done in two depths of 50-60 m and 60-70 m. In this research, the highest length frequencies of C. ignobilis, S. crumenophthalmus, and U. sulphureus were in the length classes of 56.5-61.5, 22-23.5 and 14-15.5 cm, respectively. The results of CPUE for C. ignobilis, S. crumenophthalmus, and U. sulphureus were 3, 0.159 and 0.078 kg h-1, while the results of CPUA were 45.03, 2.44 and 1.91 kg km-2, respectively. Also, CPUE values for mature and immature forms of C. ignobilis were 5.05 and 0.65 kg h-1, for S. crumenophthalmus were 0.2 and 0.07 kg h-1, and for U. sulphureus were 0.13 and 0.04 kg h-1, and CPUA values for C. ignobilis were 22.51 and 5.02 kg km-1, for S. crumenophthalmus were 22.03 and 10.95 kg km-1, and for U. sulphureus were 27.4 and 12.77 kg km-1 at the depths of 50-60 m and 60-70 m, respectively. Finally, it was concluded that effective fishing of C. ignobilis and U. sulphureus is affordable at depths above 60-70 m, and it was not different for S. crumenophthalmus at fishing depths.
Short Communication: Genetic diversity of Ongole Grade Cattle of Rembang District, Central Java, Indonesia, based on blood protein polymorphism SUTIYONO SUTIYONO; SUTOPO SUTOPO; Y. S. ONDHO; SETIATIN SETIATIN; D. SAMSUDEWA; A. SURYAWIJAYA; D. A. LESTARI; E. KURNIANTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 19 No. 4 (2018)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d190432

Abstract

Sutiyono, Sutopo, Ondho YS, Setiatin ET, Samsudewa D, Suryawijaya A, Lestari DA, Kurnianto E. 2018. Genetic diversity of Ongole Grade Cattle of Rembang District, Central Java, Indonesia, based on blood protein polymorphism. Biodiversitas 19: 1429-1433. The objective of this study was to identify genetic diversity in Ongole Grade cattle of Rembang District, Central Java, Indonesia, based on blood-protein polymorphism. A total of 34 blood samples were collected from unrelated Ongole Grade cattle and the blood plasm was used to identify the blood proteins. Blood protein analysis was performed using Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Polyacrilamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Observed bands were used to perform allele interpretation of four loci, namely Albumin (Alb), Post-albumin (Po-Alb), Ceruloplasmin (Cp) and Amylase-1 (Am-1). Results showed the presence of polymorphism in all of the four blood-protein loci, average heterozigosity value (H) being 0.506 and almost all of the blood-protein loci studied showed deviation from Hardy-Weimberg Equilibrium (HWE). In conclusion, the study indicated that population of Ongole Grade cattle in Rembang, Indonesia has high genetic diversity.
Resistance mechanisms of white jabon seedlings (Anthocephalus cadamba) against Botryodiplodia theobromae causing dieback disease LOLA ADRES YANTI; ACHMAD ACHMAD; NURUL KHUMAIDA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 19 No. 4 (2018)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d190434

Abstract

Yanti LA, Achmad, Khumaida N. 2018. Resistance mechanisms of white jabon seedlings (Anthocephalus cadamba) against Botryodiplodia theobromae causing dieback disease. Biodiversitas 19: 1441-1450. Anthocephalus cadamba (Roxb.) Miq. seedlings are the most preferred plant for the nursery as they serve a lot of benefits and can be used as shading trees, reforestation, plywood, pulp, paper, and traditional medicines. Further, those benefits can increase the economic value of this plant. The main problem in the nursery of forestry plants is pest and disease attacks, one of which is dieback disease. The dieback disease is caused by Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat. that may lead death of the host plant. Every plant has its resistance mechanism toward pathogen attacks. This research aimed: (1) to study B. theobromae attack through wounded and non-wounded stem infection methods on white jabon seedlings; (2) to study the resistance mechanisms of white jabon seedlings both structural and biochemical resistance against B. theobromae. This study employed a factorial treatment design laid out in a completely randomized design. The structural resistance was determined by studying the microscopic appearance of the white jabon seedlings’ stem by using a scanning electron microscope. Meanwhile, the biochemical resistance was determined by characterizing the chemical compounds of white jabon seedlings' stem using phytochemistry analysis. The result showed that the disease incidence of the control (inoculated without pathogen isolate) and the inoculated (inoculated with pathogen isolate) seedlings were, respectively, 0% and 100% (with wounded stem) and 0% and 30% (non-wounded). The disease severity of control and inoculated seedlings were 0% and 62% (with wounded stem) and 0% and 12% (non-wounded stem), respectively. The incubation period of wounded and non-wounded stems on inoculated seedlings (inoculated with pathogen isolate) was one day after inoculation with the numeric values (disease scores) of 4 and 2, respectively. White jabon seedlings had necrotic resistance as structural resistance mechanism against the pathogen attack. White jabon seedlings also contained secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoid, phenyl hydroquinone, tannin, saponin, and steroids. The biochemical resistance of white jabon seedling after pathogen attacks was shown by the increase of accumulated phenolic compounds such as flavonoid and tannin.
Phytoplankton diversity in three lakes of South Ural, Russia ANASTASIYA M. KOSTRYUKOVA; TATYANA G. KRUPNOVA; IRINA V. MASHKOVA; SVETLANA V. GAVRILKINA; NIKITA O. EGOROV
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 19 No. 4 (2018)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d190436

Abstract

Kostryukova AM, Krupnova TG, Mashkova IV, Gavrilkina SV, Nikita O. Egorov NO. 2018. Phytoplankton diversity in three lakes of South Ural, Russia. Biodiversitas 19: 1459-1467. Preservation of water ecosystems in their natural state is of great significance. Phytoplankton is one of the biotic indicators of the lake trophic status and ecological state. This study deals with phytoplankton diversity of three lakes of South Ural, Russia. The studied lakes represented different trophic states: Lake Savelkul was oligo-mesotrophic, Lake Ilmenskoe was mesotrophic and Lake Argayash was eutrophic. The species composition of common phytoplankton was recorded in June-July months during 2015 and 2016. The Cyanophyta (blue-green algae) species were dominant in Lake Ilmenskoe(42-64%) and Lake Argayash(55-70%). The Bacillariophyta (diatom algae) species were dominant in the Lake Savelkul(40-66 %). The most common diversity indices namely the Shannon Index, Simpson Index and Margalef Index were determined and the data was also analysed using graphs. The graphs were constructed by the similarity calculating method on the basis of the Sorensen-Czekanowski coefficient. Diversity indices confirm the higher species richness of the microalgal community of Lake Ilmenskoe, classified as mesotrophic. It was shown that the lakes have sufficiently high biodiversity and high ecosystem resilience. Further, statistical analysis (CCA) revealed that orthophosphate-phosphorus, nitrite-nitrogen and pH were the most significant environmental factors influencing phytoplankton community of the lakes studied.

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