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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Articles 6,269 Documents
The effect of culture media on the number and bioactivity of marine invertebrates associated fungi AGUS TRIANTO; OCKY KARNA RADJASA; MADA TRIANDALA SIBERO; Agus Sabdono; DWI HARYANTI; WA ODE MARDHIYYAH ZILULLAH; ANNISA RORO SYANINDYTA; MUHAMMAD SYAIFUDIEN BAHRY; PRASTYO ABI WIDIANANTO; MUHAMAD HELMI; HARYO DWITO ARMONO; SUPRIADI; YASUHIRO IGARASHI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 1 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210147

Abstract

Abstract. Trianto A, Radjasa OK, Sibero MT, Sabdono A, Haryanti D, Zilullah WOM, Syanindyta AR, Bahry MS, Widiananto PA, Helmi M, Armono HD, Supriadi, Igarashi Y. 2020. The effect of culture media on the number and bioactivity of marine invertebrates associated fungi. Biodiversitas 21: 407-412. Marine ecosystem is rich with microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi either as free-living or in association with macro-organisms. Marine invertebrates provide suitable habitats for fungi by supplying space, food, and other chemicals stuff that in some cases is a reciprocal relationship or called mutualism symbiotic. Some marine invertebrates have interesting activities that are useful for human life such as anticancer, antifungal, and antibacterial. Many reports indicated that the fungal growth and their production of bioactive compounds were highly affected by the media or nutrition. In order to understand the effect of media on the number and bioactivity of the isolates, we collected the samples of marine invertebrates from two locations in Makassar. Invertebrate specimens were collected by hand during SCUBA diving at 3-10 m depths. The fungi were isolated by tapping method either on potato dextrose agar (PDA) or poor marine agar (PMA). The samples were collected from the Samalona water as much as 16 specimens that provided 30 and 18 fungal isolates on PDA and PMA, respectively, while, from the Barrang Cadi water, a total 14 specimens were collected to provide 12 and 3 isolates on PDA and PMA, respectively. All fungi from PMA inhibited the V. harveyi, V. vulnificus, and V. parahaemolyticus with weak, medium, and strong activities, while, the isolates from PDA were mostly not active against the Vibrios. Based on the molecular analyses, the active isolates were identified as Aspergillus flavus, A. oryzae, A. aculeatus, Talaromyces minioluteus, Hypocrea jecorina, Gliomastix murorum, Myrothecium inundatum, and Curvularia avinis. In conclusion, the isolates from PMA showed higher potential as source of antivibrio substances.
The presence of endophytic actinobacteria in mangosteen peel (Garcinia mangostana) and its antioxidant activity Fily Larasati; IRMANIDA BATUBARA; YULIN LESTARI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 4 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210429

Abstract

Abstract. Larasati F, Batubara I, Lestari Y. 2020. The presence of endophytic actinobacteria in mangosteen peel (Garcinia mangostana L.) and its antioxidant activity. Biodiversitas 21: 1488-1497. Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) is a family member of Clusiaceae which is rich in secondary metabolite compounds that can function as antioxidants. Besides being produced by its host plant, the bioactive compounds can also be produced by endophytic actinobacteria. The purpose of this study was to explore the presence of endophytic actinobacteria from mangosteen peel and determine its antioxidant activity. The actinobacteria were isolated, purified, morphologically characterized, molecularly identified, extracted with ethyl acetate and tested for antioxidant properties. The antioxidant activity was assayed using DPPH (2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2?-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) methods. The components of extracts were separated by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and bioautography was done to determine the antioxidant bands. As a result, five isolates of endophytic actinobacteria in mangosteen peel showed to have difference in aerial mycelium color, substrate mycelium color, and types of spore chains. Based on 16S rRNA gene analysis, AGM3.2 isolate showed similarity with Streptomyces griseochromogenes ATCC 14511 (T) 99.06%. AGM3.1 had similarity with Streptomyces osmaniensis OU-63 (T) 98.35%. Meanwhile, AGM2.3 were similar to Streptomyces xanthophaeus NBRC B-5414 (T) 99.82%, AGM2.2 had similarity with Streptomyces xanthophaeus NBRC B-5414 (T) 98.95%. In addition, AGM2.1 has homology with Streptomyces goshikiensis NBRC 12868 (T) 99.52%. Using both DPPH and ABTS, supernatant of AGM2.1 showed the highest antioxidant activity indicated by 36.96 and 98.80 inhibition, respectively. Antioxidant capacity of ethyl acetate extract of AGM2.1 was 22.22 ?g AEAC/mg extract (DPPH) and 20.34 ?g AEAC/mg extract (ABTS). Meanwhile, ethyl acetate extract of mangosteen peel had antioxidant capacity by 21.17 µg AEAC/mg extract (DPPH) and 18.75 µg AEAC/mg extract (ABTS). Antioxidant bioautographic analysis of mangosteen peel ethyl acetate extract was compared with alpha mangosteen standard. The results showed that alpha mangosteen presence in the mangosteen extract with the same Rf value of 0.64 with standard. Meanwhile, actinobacterial ethyl acetate extract from AGM3.1, AGM2.3, AGM2.2, AGM2.1 each have the same Rf value with the alpha mangosteen standard. However, the spot for alpha mangosteen had dark red color, while spots of the four actinobacterial isolates showed to have blue color indicating different antioxidant compounds. The blue spot indicates the flavone, flavanone, flavonol, and isoflavone. These compounds include a subgroup of flavonoid compounds. Ethyl acetate extract AGM3.2 does not have spot compounds with the same Rf value as the alpha mangosteen standard. Study clearly shows that endophytic actinobacteria from mangosteen peel have potency as antioxidant.
Short Communication: Duration and volume of crowing of Pelung chickens of West Java, Indonesia INDRAWATI Y. ASMARA; DANI GARNIDA; Ruhyat Partasasmita
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 2 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210242

Abstract

Abstract. Asmara IY, Garnida D, Partasasmita R. 2020. Short Communication: Duration and volume of crowing of Pelung chickens of West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 748-752. Pelung are long crowing chickens originally from West Java Province, Indonesia. The chickens are raised as singing birds due to their beautiful crowing capability. Nowadays, the chickens are distributed not only in West Java, Indonesia but also in other provinces in Indonesia because of the existence of Pelung contests. The contests evaluate singing ability of Pelung chickens and are important promotion media for the birds. In contests, crowing characteristics such as duration and intensity are important factors to determine the quality of chickens. Some factors such as age, body weight, and body morphometrics are assumed to influence crowing characteristics. The study was aimed to determine crowing duration and volume in Pelung roosters, as well as correlations of age, body weight and body morphometrics with crowing characteristics. A survey was performed to collect data involving 73 birds in two areas in West Java Province. The research locations are Cianjur and Sukabumi Districts. The results showed that roosters in all areas have similar crowing durations, while their crowing intensities are varied. The study also found that age and body weight, as well as some body-morphometries, have strong correlations with crowing characteristics. The research provides empirical evidence of factors determining vocal performance of Pelung chickens. However, more samples from different areas are required to support these findings. In addition, research on management systems, health status and participation of chickens in rehearsal is needed in the future.
Genetic relationships among cultivated and wild bananas from East Kalimantan, Indonesia based on ISSR markers Widi Sunaryo; Wahida; Suria Darma Idris; Ananda Nuryadi Pratama; Kumrop Ratanasut; Nurhasanah
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 2 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210250

Abstract

Abstract. Sunaryo W, Wahida, Idris SD, Pratama AN, Ratanasut K, Nurhasanah. 2020. Genetic relationships among cultivated and wild bananas from East Kalimantan, Indonesia based on ISSR markers. Biodiversitas 21: 824-832. East Kalimantan is one of biodiversity centers for banana in Indonesia including wild or cultivated bananas. This biodiversity is long-historical genetically contributed by the existence of wild cultivars, local/indigenous varieties or introduced accessions from other regions in Indonesia. The existence of cultivated bananas has played an important role in the socio-economic significance of the local people. The genetic contribution of wild and local banana from East Kalimantan to the cultivated bananas or vice versa is very interesting to study. This research reported the genetic relationships among wild and cultivated bananas using Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers. Thirteen wild and cultivated banana samples collected from different districts of East Kalimantan Province were analyzed using 15 primers of ISSR marker. ISSR primers generated 133 loci, of which 132 were polymorphic (98.98 %) with an average of 9.43 loci per primer. The ISSR marker is very effective and powerful to detect and discriminate the polymorphisms among cultivated and wild bananas. This is supported by PIC value which ranged from 0.60 to 0.91 per primer with an average of 0.80 per primer. The marker index (MI) values were ranged from 1.62 to 11.48 per primer. Primer UBC 855 produced the highest MI value which was 11.48 per primer and UBC 848 resulted in the lowest (1.62 per primer). The similarity coefficients ranged from 0.43 to 0.81. The dendrogram constructed based on UPGMA divided the banana cultivars into 4 clusters, in which the first cluster comprised of the AA/AAA/AB genome bananas (Ambon, Kapas, Tembaga, Liar, and Tanduk). The second cluster composed of only Mauli Banana. The third cluster was comprised of six cultivated banana with AAB or ABB genome i.e., Raja, Rutai, Susu, Kepok, Awak, and Talas banana. The last cluster was only Klutuk Banana (BB genome). Wild bananas (Liar and Klutuk) was the ancestor of cultivated bananas since they contributed for A genome (Musa acuminate) and B genome (Musa balbisiana) to generate many triploid and cultivated bananas. Indigenous banana cultivars from Kalimantan, Rutai is closely related to Susu banana, while Talas banana is related to the AAB genome such as Raja, Rutai, Susu or ABB genome such as Awak and Kepok.
Environmental factors influence on flowering and fruiting period of selected essential oil plants from Annonaceae Dewi Ayu Lestari; Abban Putri Fiqa
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 3 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210309

Abstract

Abstract. Lestari DA, Fiqa AP. 2020. Environmental factors influence on flowering and fruiting period of selected essential oil plants from Annonaceae. Biodiversitas 21: 910-921. Many species of Annonaceae family in tropics produce fragrances, due to the active ingredients for essential oils. Since the abundant of flower and fruit production, basic knowledge of flowering and fruiting periods needs to be known. The aim of this study was to determine influence of environmental factors to selected essential oil plants flowering and fruiting period from Annonaceae family, i.e. Artabotrys suaveolens, Cananga odorata, Desmos chinensis, Dasymaschalon borneense, Fissistigma latifolium, and Xylopia malayana. Observations were made throughout the year during dry and rainy season, with each phase carried out scoring qualitatively based on its abundance in plant canopy. Data on environmental factors (temperature, humidity, and rainfall intensity) were obtained from Registration Unit, Purwodadi Botanic Garden (PBG). Data of flowering and fruiting period were analyzed descriptively using Microsoft Excel, while the influence of environmental factors to flowering and fruiting period was analyzed by Biplot with Past 3.0. statistic program. Flowering period occurred in wet months at the end of year (November-December), while fruiting period occurred in long dry month. Initiation and bloom of flowering were influenced by temperature, while fruiting period was largely influenced by humidity and rainfall intensity, except for C. odorata whose fruiting period was influenced by temperature. Key words: Annonaceae, environmental factors, essential oils, flowering, fruiting
Impact of green revolution on rice cultivation practices and production system: A case study in Sindang Hamlet, Rancakalong Village, Sumedang District, West Java, Indonesia RAHMI AULIA HIDAYAT; JOHAN ISKANDAR; BUDHI GUNAWAN; Ruhyat Partasasmita
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 3 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210354

Abstract

Abstract. Hidayat RA, Iskandar J, Gunawan B, Partasasmita R. 2020. Impact of green revolution on rice cultivation practices and production system: A case study in Sindang Hamlet, Rancakalong Village, Sumedang District, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1258-1265. In the past, farmers of Sindang Hamlet, Rancakalong Village, West Java practiced the wet-rice (sawah) farming system based on the Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) and belief system. They coordinate their planting schedule according to indigenous calendar known as kalender tani or pranata mangsa (Javanese). The various inputs of the sawah farming system, namely rice seeds, organic fertilizers, and pesticides intensively used originate from the village, made little use of farm supplies obtained through purchased from outside (market). In the early 1970s, the Government of the Republic of Indonesia introduced the Green Revolution to increase the rice production of the wet-rice farming system. The five-farming effort (panca usaha tani) programs, namely the use of the High Yielding Rice Varieties (HYVs), the provision for inorganic chemical fertilizers, the use of synthetic pesticides, the development and improvement of irrigation, and the improvement of methods of rice planting methods were intensively implemented. About ten years later, in 1980s, the sawah farmers of Rancakalong Village, Sumedang District, West Java have adopted the Green Revolution program. As a result, the traditional the wet-rice cultivation practices of Rancakalong farmers that was originally based on the low-external inputs has dramatically changed to the high-external-input agriculture, depending more on artificial inputs, such as inorganic fertilizers, pesticides, fossil energy, and modern rice seeds, which originate from outside of the village and generally have to be purchased. The aim of this study is to document and analyze the changing cultivation practices of the wet-rice farming systems, and rice production systems. Study was undertaken in Sindang Hamlet, Rancakalong Village, Sumedang District, West Java. Method applied in this study was a mixed-method, combination of qualitative and quantitative techniques, including observation, semi-structured interviews, and structured interviews applied to 64 respondents. The result of the study showed that the farmers have stopped their traditional cyclical planting schedule based on kalender tani, most local rice varieties have been replaced by the superior or High Yielding Rice Varieties (HYVs), and farmers have become dependent on external inputs, namely inorganic fertilizers, synthetic fertilizers, modern rice seeds, and fossil energy. Consequently, the HYVs have also more vulnerable to diseases and pests, such as brown plant-hopper (Nilarparvata lugens Stal), and also vulnerable to scarcity of water due to drought caused by climate change. This study stresses that a model agriculture system that is ecologically sound, economically viable, and adaptable must be undertaken to develop sustainable agriculture.
Synthesis of lactic acid from sugar palm trunk waste (Arenga pinnata): Preliminary hydrolysis and fermentation studies WHINY HARDIYATI ERLIANA; Tri Widjaja; ALI ALTWAY; LILY PUDJIASTUTI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 5 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210559

Abstract

Abstract. Erliana WH, Widjaja T, Altway A, Pudjiastuti L. 2020. Synthesis of lactic acid from sugar palm trunk waste (Arenga pinnata): Hydrolysis and fermentation studies. Biodiversitas 21: 2281-2288. The increasing problems of global energy and the environment are the main reasons for developing products with new techniques through green methods. Sugar palm trunk waste (SPTW) has potential as agricultural waste because of its abundant availability, but it is not used optimally. This study was aimed to determine the effect of various microorganisms on increasing lactic acid production by controlling pH and temperature conditions in the fermentation process. SPTW contains 43.88% cellulose, 7.24% hemicellulose, and 33.24% lignin. The lignin content in SPTW can inhibit reducing sugar formation; the pretreatment process should remove this content. In the study, the pretreatment process was conducted using acid-organosolv. In the acid pretreatment, 0.2 M H2SO4 was added at 120oC for 40 minutes; organosolv pretreatment using 30% ethanol (v/v) at 107oC for 33 minutes was able to increase cellulose content by 56.33% and decrease lignin content by 27.09%. The pretreatment was followed by an enzymatic hydrolysis process with a combination of commercial cellulase enzymes from Aspergillus niger (AN) and Trichoderma reesei (TR), with variations of 0:1, 1:0, 1:1, 1:2 and 2:1. The best reducing sugar concentration was obtained with an AN: TR ratio of 1:2 to form reducing sugar from cellulose. Subsequently, lactic acid fermentation was carried out using lactic acid bacteria at 37oC and pH 6 incubated for 48 hours. The highest lactic acid concentration (33.292 g/L) was obtained using a mixed culture of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus brevis to convert reducing sugar become lactic acid.
Morphological and molecular identification of Fusarium spp. isolated from maize kernels in Java and Lombok, Indonesia Ani Widiastuti; Monica Lucky Karlina; Kurnia Ritma Dhanti; Yufita Dwi Chinta; Tri Joko; Suryanti; Arif Wibowo
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 6 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210650

Abstract

Abstract. Widiastuti A, Karlina ML, Dhanti KR, Chinta YD, Joko T, Suryanti, Wibowo A. 2020. Morphological and molecular identification of Fusarium spp. isolated from maize kernels in Java and Lombok, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 2741-2750. Fungal contamination of maize is a serious problem in Indonesia. Fusarium spp. infect maize in the field will be continuing to contaminate in the post-harvest period even though disease symptoms are not always emerged. Some Fusarium spp. produced mycotoxins which are harmful to human and animal health. Aims of this research were to reveal the presence of Fusarium spp. from both symptomatic and unsymptomatic maize, and to identify them based on morphological characteristics and molecular analysis. Samples of maize were collected from maize cultivation areas in East Java (EJ), Central Java (CJ), West Java (WJ), Yogyakarta Special Province (DIY), and Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara. Fusarium spp. were isolated in a single spore method and cultured in potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium for morphological identification of macro-and microconidia. Molecular identification was conducted by PCR assay using species-specific primers. Furthermore, unidentified species were analyzed by DNA sequence. This research found four species of mycotoxigenic Fusarium isolated from maize-based on molecular identification, which were Fusarium verticillioides (15 isolates), F. proliferatum (6 isolates), F. graminearum (1 isolate) and F. asiaticum (1 isolate). This research showed a novel report of F. asiaticum infection on maize kernel in Indonesia.
Root detection by resistivity imaging and physiological activity with the dead-end trench on three clones of cocoa (Theobroma cacao) Canggih Nailil Maghfiroh Nailil; EKA TARWACA SUSILA PUTRA; ENDANG SRI DEWI HS
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 6 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210656

Abstract

Abstract. Maghfiroh CN, Putra ETS, Dewi HSES. 2020. Root detection by resistivity imaging and physiological activity with the dead-end trench on three clones of cocoa (Theobroma cacao). Biodiversitas 21: 2794-2803. Indonesia is one of the largest cocoa production countries in Southeast Asia, but has low average productivity (982 kg/ha) based on Indonesian Plantation Statistics (2017). Productivity increase effort by giving dead-end trenches that applied to collect organic material, accommodate surface runoff sediments, prevent erosion, and maintain nutrient availability. Dead-end trench had an impact on root cutting and improve rooting. Clone is very influential on cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) yield. The superior clones recommended are clones RCC-70, RCC-71, and KKM-22, which have high productivity and are resistant to pests and diseases. The objectives of this research were (i) to detect the presence of roots by resistivity imaging (ii) to study the effects of dead-end trench application on physiological activities of cocoa leaves and yields of three clones (RCC-70, RCC-71, and KKM-22); (iii) to determine which cocoa clone (s) performed a significant yield increase with the application of dead-end trench. Research was conducted in August 2018-April 2019 at PT. Pagilaran cocoa plantation in North Segayung Production Unit, subdistrict Tulis, Batang, Central Java. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete design with two factors and three blocks as replications. The first factor was dead-end trench application (with or without dead-end trench application) and the second factor was cocoa clones (RCC-70, RCC-71, and KKM-22). This study showed that dead-end trench applications affected plant roots based on the interpretation results of geoelectric-resistivity measurements. Dead-end trench application significantly affected chlorophyll a, stomatal conductance, transpiration, and H2O leaf content. Dead-end trench application has no significant effect on the content of chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll content, nitrate reductase activity, stomatal density, CO2 leaf content, and photosynthesis rate.
Morphological variations and phylogenetic analysis of Oryzias nigrimas Kottelat, 1990 (Rice fish) from Lake Poso, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia NOVALINA SERDIATI; DIANA ARFIATI; MAHENO SRI WIDODO; TRI JOKO LELONO; SAMLIOK NDOBE; RUDY SARANGA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 3 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210305

Abstract

Abstract. Serdiati N, Arfiati D, Widodo MS, Lelono TJ, Ndobe S, Saranga R. 2020. Morphological variations and phylogenetic analysis of Oryzias nigrimas Kottelat, 1990 (Rice fish) from Lake Poso, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 882-888. Rice fish (Oryzias nigrimas Kottelat, 1990) is a well-studied species endemic to Lake Poso, Sulawesi and identified as scarce. This study aims to identify the Rice fish of Lake Poso, Central Sulawesi based on morphological characters (15 morphometric characters and 5 meristic counts) and phylogenetic analysis using maximum-likelihood (ML) method based on mtDNA, CO1 gene. Based on the morphological analysis, it was showed that the meristic counts show significantly different only on the lateral line scale. However, the morphometric measurements show significantly different characteristics on postorbital distance, body depth, and length of jaw. Our phylogenetic analysis also showed that our samples are indeed a species of O. nigrimas. We suggest that the endemicity of this Rice fish on Lake Poso is greatly influenced by the well-maintained genetic structure of the population.

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