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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Pathogenesis of gall-rust disease on Falcataria moluccana in areas affected by Mount Merapi eruption in Indonesia S. Rahayu; Widiyatno Widiyatno; Dwi Tyaningsih Adriyanti
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 4 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210406

Abstract

Abstract. Rahayu S, Widiyatno, Adriyanti DT. 2020. Pathogenesis of gall-rust disease on Falcataria moluccana in areas affected by Mount Merapi eruption in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1310-1315. The gall rust pathogen Uromycladium falcatarium affects the fast-growing tree species Falcataria moluccana (Sengon) from seedling to mature stage producing galls on all its parts. Severe infestation causes tree mortality. There were two eruptions of the volcano at Mount Merapi, Java, Indonesia during October-November 2010 near to which Sengon is grown under community forests. This study, conducted in 2014, examined the implications of the volcanic eruptions on the incidence and severity of gall rust disease on Sengon trees growing in areas affected by the eruption. It revealed that the percentage infestation on seedlings caused by teliospores of U. falcatarium collected from areas close to Mount Merapi (3-7 km away-risky area) was significantly higher compared to those collected from trees 7.1-11 (are under alert) and 11.1-15 km (area under threat) away. The teilospores and galls collected from the ‘risky area’ also exhibited morphological variations. The gall rust incidence on different parts of the tree was significantly higher in the ‘risky’ area compared to trees growing in other areas. The incidence of the disease was close to 100% in the risky area but less than 80% in areas ‘under alert and under threat’. Overall, the data indicated that the incidence and severity of gall rust disease was significantly higher in areas close to the Mount Merapi apparently due to increased virulence of the pathogen and increased susceptibility of the trees due to damges caused by the eruption. Conducive environmental conditions such as high relative humidity and temperature in the area may also have favoured this situation. Artifical inoculations using teliospores collected from infected trees in the risky area, area under alert and under threat caused severe infection on seedlings.
Community structure analysis of soil insects and their potential role as bioindicators in various ecosystem types in Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia immy rohyani
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 9 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210937

Abstract

Abstract. Rohyani IS. 2020. Community structure analysis of soil insects and their potential role as bioindicators in various ecosystem types in Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 4221-4227. Various types of ecosystems can be found in Lombok, with the dominant ecosystems are natural forest, mangrove, mixed garden, rice field, and mining. These ecosystems have a high level of biodiversity and unique flora and fauna communities, including soil insects that partake in the process of ecosystem energy flow. This study aimed to analyze the community structure of soil insects and their potential role as bioindicators in five types of dominant and unique ecosystems in Lombok island. The data collection was done using pitfall traps, yellow pan traps, baited pitfall traps, soil sampling, and litter collection. The findings revealed that there are 60,439 individuals, 79 families, and 16 orders of insects in various types of ecosystems. Diversity ??(H') and evenness (E) index values ??for family level in all ecosystem types are low on average (H'=0.76 and E=0.10). Cerambycidae (Coleoptera), Trichogrammatidae (Hymenoptera), and Cicindelidae (Coleoptera) are a potential bioindicator in the forest, in the mangrove, and in the rice field ecosystems, respectively. However, the potential bioindicator could not be found since the distribution of the family is almost even in the garden ecosystem. The Tenebrionidae (Coleoptera) and the Acroceridae (Diptera) are soil insects with relatively high abundance and are found only in the mining ecosystems.
Genetic characterization based on the D-loop MtDNA and the TSPY genes of the Dwarf Siamang (Hylobates klossii) of Mentawai Island, Indonesia Rizka Hasanah; UUS SAEPULOH; DYAH PERWITASARI-FARAJALLAH; WALBERTO SINAGA; YOHANA TRI HASTUTI; DONDIN SAJUTHI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 6 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210664

Abstract

Abstract. Hasanah R, Saepuloh U, Perwitasari-Farajallah D, Sinaga W, Hastuti Y, Sajuthi D. 2020. Genetic characterization based on the D-loop MtDNA and the TSPY genes of the Dwarf Siamang (Hylobates klossii) of Mentawai Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 2854-2861. Hylobates klossii is an endemic primate on the Mentawai Island, Indonesia that categorized as endangered species due to fragmentation, illegal hunting, and habitat loss. This study aimed to analyze the genetic characterization of H. klossii based on maternal and paternal lineages. The samples were collected from TSI (Bogor, Indonesia) cage consist of two males and two females (blood and fecal of four individuals) and Siberut Island, Mentawai, West Sumatra, Indonesia from one unknown gender (one individual fecal sample). PCR amplification was carried out on DNA and cDNA samples using specific primers for D-loop MtDNA and TSPY genes. The amplicon was analyzed with MEGA-7. The dimensional structure model of the TSPY protein was determined using I-TASSER and visualized with PyMol. The maternal analysis showed five samples consisted of four haplotypes revealed that Nam-nam and April were identic with 0% genetic distance. It’s revealed that Nam-nam and April were mother and son. The paternal analysis of two H. klossii males revealed that April was the closest relative to H. muelleri (99.56% identity) and Gou-gou to H. klossii (100% identity). Characterization of partial TSPY gene (990 bp) of April and Gou-Gou indicated four amino acids mutation, causing the shift in-amino acid structure position. The results assumed that April was a cross-breeding between H. klossii female and H. muelleri male. This genetic characterization is expected to support the conservation efforts through recommendations for good management in H. klossii preservation.
Population, distribution, and habitat of Bornean Elephant in Tulin Onsoi, Nunukan District, Indonesia based on dung counts WISHNU SUKMANTORO; Agus Suyitno; Mulyadi Mulyadi; DONI GUNARYADI; AGANTO SENO; ALFRED INDRA KUSUMA; DARWIS DARWIS
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 1 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220138

Abstract

Abstract. Sukmantoro W, Suyitno A, Mulyadi, Gunaryadi D, Seno A, Kusuma AI, Darwis. 2021. Population, distribution, and habitat of Bornean Elephant in Tulin Onsoi, Nunukan District, Indonesia based on dung counts. Biodiversitas 22: 311-319. The survey on population, distribution, and habitat of Bornean elephants is very important because it reduces the information gap about Bornean elephants’ population and distribution. In more detail, the study can be used for updating information and the needs of local government in a spatial plan based on biodiversity conservation. The survey of Bornean Elephant was conducted in Tulin Onsoi Subdistrict, Nunukan District, North Kalimantan Province, Indonesia, starting in February 2018 to May 2019. The survey area’s scopes are Agison, Sibuda, Apaan, and Tampilon sub-water catchment areas in 34 (5 x 5 km2) grids with a total of 850 km2.  The occupancy method with perpendicular line transect was used in this study. In the survey, the number of traces was 52 finding points with a total of 241 traces. The elephant dung identified in the dung piles (one-time defecation) was in 29 finding points with a total of 38 dung piles (0.22 dung piles per km). Based on Distance 6.0 and involved the formula of the elephant population’s density with standard defecation and dung decay ratio, the elephant population density in the Tulin Onsoi is between 4.8-5.7 individuals/100 km2. Minimum convex polygon (MCP)-qHull showed that the area of ??the elephant habitat is 253.12 km2 in Tulin Onsoi sub-district. Generally, the habitat conditions for the location are old secondary forests (37 %). Meanwhile, other habitats included in the survey area are primary forest, shrubs, and plantations, including community agriculture and roads. In the strategy of managing the Bornean elephant, efforts to stabilize or increase population are important things to do. Conservation-based spatial planning and close monitoring for the protection of small populations of this species and its threats, are options that can be selected for present and future in North Kalimantan.
The diversity of ‘kristal’ guava (Psidium guajava) fruit quality in response to different altitudes and cultural practices Neni Musyarofah; Slamet Susanto; Sandra Arifin Aziz; Ketty Sukety; Dadang DADANG
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 7 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210755

Abstract

Abstract. Musyarofah N, Susanto S, Aziz SA, Suketi K, Dadang. 2020. The diversity of ‘kristal’ guava (Psidium guajava) fruit quality in response to different altitudes and cultural practices. Biodiversitas 21: 3310-3316. The current study aimed to compare the quality of ‘kristal’ guava fruit harvested from different altitudes under different cultural practices. The study was conducted from January to March 2019. Four treatments were examined, i.e., fruit from low altitude-intensive cultural (LI), low altitude-less intensive cultural (LI), middle altitude-intensive cultural (MI), and middle altitude-less intensive cultural (ML). All treatments were arranged in a completed randomized design and each treatment had five trees as replicates The findings of the study showed that there was a variation of fruit quality in response to different altitudes and cultural practices. The fruits harvested from low altitudes were significantly bigger and heavier than the fruits harvested from middle altitude, irrespective of cultural practices. With regard to fruit softness, the fruits from middle altitudes were crispier than fruits from the low altitude. The chemical qualities of the fruits, indicated by TSS/TA ratio and vitamin C, were better in guava orchard under intensive cultural practice than less intensive cultural practice. The intensive cultural practice also improved the guava fruit size as compared to the less intensive cultural practice. This finding may be attributed to pruning which is performed in intensive cultural practice. More beneficial metabolites for human health such as vitamin E and caryophyllene were found in fruit from low altitude.
Characterization of soil properties in relation to Shorea macrophylla growth performance under sandy soils at Sabal Forest Reserve, Sarawak, Malaysia Izwaida Che Adanan; Mohd Effendi Wasli; Mugunthan Perumal; Soo Ying Ho
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 4 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210426

Abstract

Abstract. Adanan IC, Wasli ME, Perumal M, Ying HS. 2020. Characterization of soil properties in relation to Shorea macrophylla growth performance under sandy soils at Sabal Forest Reserve, Sarawak, Malaysia. Biodiversitas 21: 1467-1475. A study was conducted in the Sabal Forest Reserve, Sarawak, to characterize soil properties in terms of soil morphological and physicochemical properties under sandy soil at the reforestation site in comparison with High Conservation Forest soil as well as to assess growth performance of planted S. macrophylla under the sandy soil. Study sites with the size of 25 m x 25 m were established under reforestation sites (Early Establishment of Reforestation Site (ER) and Late Establishment of Reforestation Site (LR)) as well as the High Conservation Forests (HCF-1 and HCF-2). The results from soil morphological properties showed that the soils in ER and HCF-2 plots resemble Saratok series while soils in LR and HCF-1 plot were classified into Buso series. As for soil physicochemical properties, soil in all study sites were strongly acidic in nature with pH (H2O) value less than 5.00 with sandy (more than 55%) at both surface and subsurface soil. The survival percentage of planted S. macrophylla in ER and LR plot was 65 % and 56%, respectively. Long term monitoring on soil properties and growth performance of planted S.marophylla tree are essential in order to continuously provide information on the status of reforestation activity.
Anatomical examination of the petiole of eupolypods I (Polypodiales) JEANETTE MARA P. TAN; MARIA CELESTE BANATICLA-HILARIO; PASTOR MALABRIGO; MARJORIE DELOS ANGELES; INOCENCIO E. BUOT, JR.
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 5 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210501

Abstract

Abstract. Tan JMP, Banaticla-Hilario MC, Malabrigo P, Angeles MD, JR Buot IE. 2020. Anatomical examination of the petiole of eupolypods I (Polypodiales). Biodiversitas 21: 1767-1777. The efficiency of petiole anatomy characters in identifying and describing the species and families of eupolypods I (Polypodiales) were explored. Specimens of 21 species, representing 13 genera and nine families were collected and processed in the laboratory, following proper dehydration and staining protocols. Transverse sections of the basal, median, and distal portions of the petiole were examined, photographed and analyzed. The results showed five taxonomically significant characters that can serve as family markers: (i) xylem shape, (ii) vascular bundle shape, (iii) number of vascular bundles, (iv) presence and absence of circumendodermal band, and (v) presence and absence of adaxial grooves. Based on these characters, a taxonomic key to the families of eupolypods I was constructed.
Short Communication: Species diversity, habitat and abundance of Culicid mosquitoes in Bushehr Province, South of Iran MAHDI KHOOBDEL; DVOUD KESHAVARZI; HOSSEIN SOBATI; MORTEZA AKBARI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 4 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210418

Abstract

Abstract. Khoobdel M, Keshavarzi D, Sobat H, Akbari M. 2020. Short Communication: Species diversity, habitat and abundance of Culicid mosquitoes in Bushehr Province, South of Iran. Biodiversitas 21: 1401-1406. Culicid-borne diseases are causes of substantial illness worldwide. Effective culicid control depends on up-to-date knowledge of ecology and dispersal of species. Hence, this entomological study was conducted from January - December 2017 to provide baseline data on the distribution and ecology of mosquitoes in the Southwest of Iran. In total, 2530 specimens belonging to 14 different species were collected and identified, as follows: Culex hortensis, Cx. laticinctus, Cx. mimeticus, Cx. perexiguus, Cx. pipiens, Cx. modestus, Cx. sinaiticus, Cx. theileri, Cx. torrentium, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, Anopheles stephensi, An. superpictus, An.dthali, and An.subpictus. Diversity analysis indicated higher species richness for uninhabited areas (Margalef 1/86). The average of Shannon diversity index ranged from 1.98 to 2.10. Differences between urban and uninhabited areas were significant according to the diversity t-test (P = 0.024, t = 2.26). The analysis of beta biodiversity showed that rural and uninhabited areas were the closest environments in their specific composition (Whittaker index = 0.130). These findings could be useful in vector control program.
Identification of growth genes diversity of swamp buffalo using RFLP in Kabaena Island, Bombana District, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia La Ode Nafiu; Muzuni; Muhammad Pagala; Widhi Kurniawan; Syam Rahadi
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 5 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210516

Abstract

Abstract. Nafiu LO, Muzuni, Pagala MA, Kurniawan W, Rahadi S. 2020. Identification of growth genes diversity of swamp buffalo using RFLP in Kabaena Island, Bombana District, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1901-1907. Swamp buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) in Bombana District has been familiar in the socio-cultural life and used as a source of livelihood. Buffalo can adapt to the hard environment by utilizing a low-quality feed. However, it needs more attention from the public and the government to increase buffalo production, both from the genetic and environmental aspects. The objective of this study was to determine the diversity of swamp buffalo growth genes (GH and GHRH) in Kabaena Island, Bombana District, Southeast Sulawesi-Indonesia. The blood sample was taken from 58 heads of swamp buffaloes and analyzed using PCR technique to multiply the sequence of GH and GHRH genes with the target sizes of 327 bp and 451 bp. The Genes diversity determined using analysis of genotype frequencies and allele frequencies of each locus, Inbreeding Coefficient estimated using analysis of observed heterozygosity (Ho) and expected heterozygosity (He), while Population balance (Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium) specifically related to the presence/absence of selection determined using a chi-square analysis. The results of the study showed that the GH/MspI and GHRH/HaeIII locus were polymorphic with sizes of 327 bp and 451 bp, respectively, contain three genotypes; AA, AB, and BB. The frequency of GH/MspI locus A and B locus were 0.562 and 0.438, respectively. Meanwhile, the frequency of A and B alleles at the GHRH/HaeIII locus were0.700 and 0.300, respectively. Allele and genotype GH/ MspI - GHRH/HaeIII locus frequency of swamp buffalo in Kabaena Island, Bombana District were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and it means that mating tends to occur randomly.
The diversity of leaves and asiaticoside content on three accessions of Centella asiatica with the addition of chicken manure fertilizer Happy Maratul; YULI WIDYASTUTI; SUPRIYONO; ahmad yunus
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 3 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210325

Abstract

Abstract. Mumtazah HM, Supriyono, Widyastuti Y, Yunus A. 2020. The diversity of leaves and asiaticoside content on three accessions of Centella asiatica with the addition of chicken manure fertilizer. Biodiversitas 21: 1035-1040. Centella asiatica (L.) commonly known as an essential medicinal herb. This plant has high diversity, especially in leaf morphology. The main objective of this research was to determine the morphology of leaves and the effect of chicken manure dosage on the increase of asiaticoside content. The leaves of three accessions characterized, and then C. asiatica planted. The research design used a completely randomized design (CRD) factorial, with the first factor is accession (C) with 3 levels (C1: accession 1, C2: accession 2, C3: accession 3). The second factor was chicken manure with 4 levels dosage (P1: 0 ton ha-1, P2: 10 tons ha-1, P3: 15 tons ha-1 and P4: 20 tons ha-1). Asiaticoside analysis used the TLC method with chloroform: methanol: water (65:25:4) as mobile phase. The result from this research showed that the diversity in leaf morphology of three accessions is in leaf size and petiole length. Accession 3 has the widest leaf size (7.3 cm) and the longest petiole (9.8 cm), accession 2 with a leaf width of 5.8 cm and petiole length in 8.5 cm, while the accession 1 has the least leaf width (5.3 cm) and the length of the petiole is the shortest with 7.3 cm. Observation results of asiaticoside showed that the highest content of asiaticoside produced by accession 3 (0.19%), then accession 1 with a content of 0.15%, while accession 2 showed the lowest asiaticoside content (0.13%). The treatment of chicken manure addition significantly increase asiaticoside content in accessions 1 and 3, but in accession 2 it was not significantly increased. The highest content of asiaticoside (0.34%) were in accession 3 with the addition of chicken manure 20 tons ha-1 (P4).

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