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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Genetic variability of Indonesian Oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus (OrNV) as genus of Alphanudivirus Sat Rahayuwati; Yayi Munara Kusumah; Sudharto Prawirosukarto; Dadang; Teguh Santoso
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 5 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210530

Abstract

Abstract. Rahayuwati S, Kusumah YM, Prawirosukarto S, Dadang, Santoso T. 2020. Genetic variability of Indonesian Oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus (OrNV) as genus of Alphanudivirus. Biodiversitas 21: 2047-2055. Oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus (OrNV) is known as a successful classical biological control agent. Recent reports have revealed differences in pathogenicity among OrNV isolates, with correlation suspected between virus virulence and genetic variability. The aim of the research is to study the genetic variability of OrNV isolates based on the DNA polymerase (DNA pol) gene and their phylogenetic relationship with Genus Alphanudivirus. Oryctes rhinoceros (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) as an OrNV host were collected from Sumatra, Belitung, Java, Kalimantan, and Sulawesi. Primers were designed to amplify complete gene of DNA pol. Sequencing, phylogenetic, and investigate genetic diversity scores were used to determine variability at nucleotide level. Five primers successfully amplified the entire DNA pol gene. Genetic variability of OrNV was high, from nine isolates found eight genetically different. Isolates could be divided into two groups of genetic diversity: high and low. High genetic diversity of OrNV supposed as an old population that occupied Sundaland and Wallacean paleogeography at first appearance in Miocene Era until early Pliocene 5 Mya. New population of OrNV had low genetic diversity were travel cross-island that supposed to correlate with oil palm plantation development and the genetic drift. The benefit information of the OrNV genetic variability is as preliminary guideline for virulence test. OrNV is a member of Nudiviridae family, Genus Alphanudivirus, and at recent moment they consist of eight species. Alphanudivirus infect Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera and Orthoptera order that soil as immature niche may explain their closely related taxa.
Rice phyllosphere bacteria producing antifungal compounds as biological control agents of blast disease SRI MARTINA WIRASWATI; ABDJAD ASIH NAWANGSIH; IMAN RUSMANA; Aris Tri Wahyudi
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 4 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210401

Abstract

Abstract. Wiraswati SM, Nawangsih AA, Rusmana I, Wahyudi AT. 2020. Rice phyllosphere bacteria producing antifungal compounds as biological control agents of blast disease. Biodiversitas 21: 1273-1278. In vitro analysis of rice phyllosphere bacteria can be developed as biocontrol agents of blast disease using their antifungal activity. To prove the efficacy of bacterial isolates in reducing the severity of blast disease, a greenhouse experiment was conducted. Furthermore, antifungal compounds produced by potential bacterial isolate were also identified using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/ Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. The application of seven rice phyllosphere bacterial isolates significantly reduced the severity of blast disease in rice (var: Ciherang). Surprisingly, the isolate STGG 14 is the most effective with 70.83% of blast disease reduction. Isolate STGG 14 has been identified as Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis which is known as various bioactive compounds producer. It was confirmed through identification of antifungal compounds produced by isolate STGG 14. The bioautography test shows that crude bioactive compounds from isolate STGG 14 could inhibit P. oryzae race 173. On the further analysis using LC-MS/MS, four bioactive compounds isolated from isolate STGG 14 were identified as moracin C, psoralen, 4,6-dimethyl-3 (4’-hydroxyphenyl) coumarin and xanthotoxin. All identified compounds except moracin C, belong to the coumarin group. According to the previous studies, among all compounds, psoralen and xanthotoxin displayed antifungal activity against several fungal pathogens.
Cultural and ecological significance of Odonata (Insecta) to the T'boli of Lake Sebu, Mindanao, Philippines Rizalyn Cudera; Brando Razon; Kenette Jean Millondaga
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 6 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210627

Abstract

Abstract. Cudera RB, Razon BC, Millondaga KJI. 2020. Cultural and ecological significance of Odonata (Insecta) to the T'boli of Lake Sebu, Mindanao, Philippines. Biodiversitas 21: 2536-2554. Lake Sebu in Mindanao, Philippines, covered by the Allah Valley Protected Landscape, is home to the T'boli ethnolinguistic group. This study focuses on the cultural and ecological significance of the Odonata (insect order of dragonflies and damselflies) to the T'boli people who are known to have a close connection to their natural environment. According to the T'boli who participated in-depth interviews and focus group discussions, the Odonate larvae of Family Libellulidae and Aeshnidae known as Kmimi and Ogong El respectively are handpicked by the village members as a food source shared in the community when resources are scarce. The Odonata larvae are also used to cure illnesses and are locally believed to be important components for a love potion. In agriculture, T'boli farmers utilize the adult form of Odonata known as Klowong as natural biocontrol agents. Moreover, the Odonata larvae are prominent images in T'boli oral literature, specifically folklore and lullabies, teaching the children the importance of maintaining a harmonious relationship with nature. The results show that the presence of endemic species of Odonata indicates a healthy freshwater environment in the area; thus, studies on the sustainable use and conservation measures of the Odonata should be conducted.
Assessing the conservation status of tree fern Cibotium arachnoideum (C. Chr.) Holttum Titien Ngatinem Praptosuwiryo
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 4 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210415

Abstract

Abstract. Praptosuwiryo TN. 2020. Assessing the conservation status of tree fern Cibotium arachnoideum (C.Chr.) Holttum. Biodiversitas 21: 1379-1384. Cibotium arachnoideum (C.Chr.) Holttum (Cibotiaceae), is a large terrestrial fern with an upright or prostrate rhizome having densely shining reddish-brown of rigid hairs and one or two pairs of sori with two indusia forming a small cup on each lamina-segment. This tree fern is a rare species and strictly distributed in the Malesian region. The study aims to assess the conservation status of C. arachnoideum by using the 2012 IUCN Red List Catagories and Criteria (version 3.1.). Population size was estimated and observed both based on specimens deposited at the Herbarium Bogoriense (BO) and field studies in Sumatra. The area of occupancy (AOO) of this species is 44 km2. Cibotium arachnoideum is occurred in severely fragmented locations in the West Malesian region, in 2 locations, viz. Sumatra and Borneo. Sumatra has only two subpopulations, and Borneo has nine subpopulations. The number of mature individuals was only found 372 in one location of North Sumatra and 19 individuals in one location of Bengkulu. Therefore, C. arachnoideum is proposed as an endangered species, En: B2ab (i,ii,iii) + C2a (ii).
Comparison of several methods of stands inventory prior to logging towards the yield volume of mangrove forest in Bintuni Bay, West Papua Province, Indonesia Dr. Istomo; Cecep Kusmana; Fifi Gus Dwiyanti; Zulfikar Malik
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 4 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210423

Abstract

Abstract. Istomo, Kusmana C, Dwiyanti FG, Malik D. 2020. Comparison of several methods of stands inventory prior to logging towards the yield volume of mangrove forest in Bintuni Bay, West Papua Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1438-1447. The difference between the estimated volume and the actual harvested volume is the reason that mangrove forest management is unsustainable. To overcome this discrepancy, it is important to do what so called Inventarisasi Tegakan Sebelum Penebangan (ITSP) or stands inventory prior to logging for logging concession. However, the study on suitable ITSP methods for mangrove forests has been limited. This study aims to assess three ITSP methods (namely Line Strip Sampling Method, Line Systematic Sampling Method, and CIFOR’s Modified Method) using two allometric equations (i.e., equation developed specifically by a logging concession and equation developed that has specific formula for each species), and to select the combination of method and allometric equation that produce the highest accuracy for logging concession in mangrove forest, especially in Bintuni Bay, West Papua. The results showed that CIFOR’s Modified Method produces the lowest discrepancy between the estimated volume and the actual harvested volume, followed by Line Strip Sampling Method. In addition, regardless the ITSP methods employed, the allometric equation by Cole et al. (1999) outperforms the equation developed specifically by a logging concession. While producing the lowest discrepancy with plot size is the smallest than other methods, CIFOR’s Modified Method has a disadvantage when applied in the field due to difficulties in making a circular plot. As such, we recommend ITSP method to be used is the Line Strip Sampling method with allometric equation.
Refugia effect on arthropods in an organic paddy field in Malang District, East Java, Indonesia Zainal Abidin Suyono; AMIN SETYO LEKSONO; BAGYO YANUWIADI; MANGKU PURNOMO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 4 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210420

Abstract

Abstract. Abidin Z, Leksono AS, Yanuwiadi B, Purnomo M. 2020. Refugia effect toward arthropods in an organic paddy field in Malang District, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1415-1421. This study aims to determine the abundance, community structure, and diversity of arthropod visitors of refugia in organic paddy fields in the Malang District of East Java, Indonesia. This research was conducted in 2019 from February to June and covered the stages from planting to harvest. The paddy fields were divided into 12 plots consisting of six refugia plots and six control plots. Sampling was carried out in two five-day phases, specifically in the vegetative phase (February) and the generative phase (June) of paddy plants. The results showed that 28.184 species consisting of nine orders and 40 families were observed. The abundance of common predator families, such as the Aleyrodidae, Formicidae, Libellulidae, and Tetragnatidae, in organic paddy. The average arthropod taxa richness in the refugia was 20.59 ± 12.24 species, while in the control it was 13.16 ± 8.95 species. Statistical analysis showed that the difference was significant (p < 0.05). The average arthropod diversity in the refugia was 2.39 ± 0.78 species, while in control was 2.35 ± 0.15 species. In conclusion, the population of arthropods was the highest in the refugia. Therefore, organic paddy surrounded by refugia with wild plants was the most appropriate habitat and niche for predatory arthropods.
Integrated assessment of biomarker responses in algae Chlorella sorokiniana exposed to copper and cadmium titi hayati rahayu; ANDHIKA PUSPITO NUGROHO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 8 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210820

Abstract

Abstract. Rahayu TH, Nugroho AP. 2020. Integrated assessment of biomarker responses in algae Chlorella sorokiniana exposed to copper and cadmium. Biodiversitas 21: 3569-3575. Microalgae Chorella as a major producer in aquatic ecosystems has high probability ofth being exposed to metal pollutants. Metal exposure to algae can induce the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative stress states. ROS trigger the responses of biomarkers of antioxidative enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). This study aims to develop an integrated biomarker response index and star plot for interpretation of the antioxidative enzyme responses in Chlorella sorokiniana. The microalgae was exposed to three concentrations of copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd) for 48 h, respectively. The results showed that exposure to Cu and Cd caused an increase of protein content and activities of SOD and APX. Analysis of integrated biomarker response (IBR) showed a decrease in the value of IBR along with an increase in cadmium concentration but no similar pattern found in copper. The multiple factor analysis (MFA) approach showed that exposure to Cu 0.3 ?mol L-1 for 48 h had high score of protein content and SOD activity in the first dimension. For the second dimension, exposure to Cu 1.6 µmol L-1 for 6 h had high score of APX and SOD activity.
Orchid exploration in Tanjung Peropa Wildlife Reserves for Kendari Botanic Gardens collection, Indonesia SRI HARTINI; POPI APRILIANTI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 5 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210554

Abstract

Abstract. Hartini S, Aprilianti P. 2020. Orchid exploration in Tanjung Peropa Wildlife Reserves for Kendari Botanic Gardens collection, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 2244-2250. Tanjung Peropa Wildlife Reserve (Tanjung Peropa WR) is one of the conservation area in Southeast Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. The inventory of orchid in this area is still limited and Kendari Botanic Garden (Kendari BG) need to collect the orchids from this location. Orchid diversity inventory and exploration had been carried out on March 26- April 12, 2019, in Tanjung Peropa WR and collecting them as an ex-situ conservation effort in order to enrich Kendari BG plant collection. The specimen was collected by using explorative method at 5 locations in Tanjung Peropa WR. The result showed that there were 10 epiphytic orchids found of Aerides, Cymbidium, Dendrobium, Grammatophyllum, Liparis, Pomatocalpa, and Thrixspermum. Also, there were 5 terrestrial orchids of Corymborkis, Eulophia, Nervilia, Phaius, and Tropidia. The orchid species were found in the area between 25-110 m above sea level (asl), with temperature 27-31°C, humidity 75-80%, soil acidity 5.0-6.0, soil humidity 80-90%, and canopy dense between 60-80%. Kendari BG has collected 34 species of orchid from Southeast Sulawesi, with 25 species of epiphytic and 9 species of terrestrial orchids.
Short Communication: Population structure and habitat characteristics of Goniothalamus macrophyllus in Bukit Pembarisan forest, West Java, Indonesia ilham adhya; PUDJI WIDODO; CECEP KUSMANA; EMING SUDIANA; IMAM WIDHIONO; TOTO SUPARTONO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 3 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210337

Abstract

Abstract. Adhya I, Widodo P, Kusmana C, Sudiana E, Widhiono I, Supartono T. 2020. Short Communication: Population structure and habitat characteristics of Goniothalamus macrophyllus in Bukit Pembarisan forest, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1130-1135. Goniothalamus macrophyllus (Blume) Hook.f. & Thomson is a forest species with important medicinal value and widely used by many local communities. Excessive harvesting of this species has led to population decline and may lead to extinction. The aims of this research was to investigate population structure, habitat characteristics and environmental factors affecting local densities of G. macrophyllus in Bukit Pembarisan forest, Kuningan District, West Java, Indonesia. Purposive sampling was conducted at 17 locations during November 2017 to March 2018. The result showed that the population structure in the study area was dominated by seedlings (95% of the total number of individuals), followed by saplings (4%) and poles (0.1%). Seedlings, saplings, and poles were found growing across a wide elevational range (432-1,273 m asl.), at temperatures of 19-25°C, relative humidity of 80-90%, and soil pH of 4.61-6.46. The multiple regression analysis showed that soil nitrogen and soil pH affected seedling density, whereas soil clay content affected pole density. Our findings indicate that G. macrophyllus preferred acidic soils with high nitrogen and high clay content. We therefore recommend that future conservation efforts include the maintenance of existing poles, a prohibition on bark harvesting, and encouraging use of the leaves, rather than bark, for medicinal applications among consumers of G. macrophyllus.
Elevation influence the macrofungi diversity and composition of Gunung Korbu, Perak, Malaysia Aqilah Bakray; S. NURJANNAH; S. SALLEH; B.K. THI; Z. AHMAD FITRI; M. MOHD KHAIRUL FAIZI; K.M. HAJA MAIDEEN; M.S. NIZAM
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 4 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210453

Abstract

Abstract. Nur ‘Aqilah MB, NurJannah S, Salleh S, Thi BK, Ahmad Fitri Z, Mohd Khairul Faizi M, Haja Maideen KM, Nizam MS. 2020. Title. Biodiversitas 21: 1707-1713. Fructification of macrofungi depends on two main factors, abiotic and biotic. In this study, the main focus is to determine the macrofungi composition and diversity as the effect of elevation and substrate. Macrofungi collection was conducted at three different elevations along the trails (Trail A, B, and C) of Gunung Korbu in July 2019. The sampling area was divided by ascent elevation from the Seroja Camp to the Rimba Gate (Trail A, 796 m above sea level[a.s.l]), the Seroja Camp to the Kijang Camp (Trail B, 1092 m a.s.l) and the Kijang Camp to the summit of Gunung Korbu (Trail C, 2183 m a.s.l). The collected macrofungi were photographed, described based on their macroscopic characters and any colour changes when bruising or chemicals reactions were recorded. In total 90 macrofungi specimens were in good condition belonging to 6 families from 13 genera, including the unidentified. About 93.33% (84 specimens) of the collections are saprotrophic fungi and six parasitic fungi. Trail B recorded the highest diversity index of 2.20 and 0.87 for Shannon Index and Simpson index, respectively. Non-metric multidimensional scaling ordinations showed a clear separation pattern of macrofungi community found in three different trails, with most of the specimens found in Trail B.

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