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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Family structure of F5 soybeans lines derived from soybean varieties with the main differences on seed size and maturity traits Heru Kuswantoro; RINA ARTARI; RUDI ISWANTO; HILYATUL IMANI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 6 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210630

Abstract

Abstract. Kuswantoro H, Artari R, Iswanto R, Imani H. 2020. Family structure of F5 soybeans lines derived from soybean varieties with the main differences in seed size and maturity traits. Biodiversitas 21: 2576-2585. The success of breeding programs depends on the availability of genetic resources with high genetic diversity. Genetic diversity plays a role in relationship between genotypes or within a group of genotypes. Seed size and the days to maturity are the main traits to develop a new superior variety for better seed quality and quantity. The plant materials consisted of eight F5 families originating from a combination of crossbreeding between four Korean soybean varieties (Daehwang, Daemang, Daewon, and Songhak) and two Indonesian soybean varieties (Argomulyo and Lawit). The main traits of four Korean soybean varieties are similar to each other, i.e. large seed size and early maturity. The two Indonesian soybean varieties differ on seed size and maturity. Argomulyo has a large seed size and early maturity, while Lawit has a small seed size and late maturity. Agronomic data, such as days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, days to harvesting, plant height, number of branches, number of reproductive nodes, number of filled pods, number of unfilled pods, seed yield per plant, 100 seeds weight, and seed yield per plot, were analyzed using R programs to form the groups. The grouping was based on principal component analysis. The results showed that the family structure of a cross was determined by the characteristics of the crossed genotypes. The family structures with Argomulyo as male parents were more influenced by 100 seeds weight, while the family structures with Lawit as male parents were more influenced by days to maturity. No family structure was formed with a large seed size on crossing with Lawit as the male parent. In this population, high seed yield as the main target of plant breeding was obtained on crossing of Daemang with Lawit.
Diversity of soil organic carbon and water characteristics under different vegetation types in northern Bengkulu, Indonesia Bandi Hermawan; HERY SUHARTOYO; BAMBANG SULISTYO; BAMBANG GONGGO MURCITRO; WELLY HERMAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 5 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210504

Abstract

Abstract. Hermawan B, Suhartoyo H, Sulistyo B, Murcitro BG, Herman W. 2020. Diversity of soil organic carbon and water characteristics under different vegetation types in northern Bengkulu, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1793-1799. Organic carbon and water characteristics are important soil properties that can easily degrade following the conversion of forest to cultivation land, but their levels of degradation depend on successive vegetation types after deforestation. The research aimed to evaluate the spatial diversity of soil organic carbon (SOC) and water characteristics on sites with annual and cash crops, as well as natural vegetation types. Forty-two undisturbed and disturbed soil samples were collected at 0-10 and 10-20 cm depths from plantation areas (rubber and oil palm), rice fields, shrub land, and grassland in Mukomuko, North Bengkulu, and Central Bengkulu Regencies of Bengkulu Province, Indonesia. Vegetation types were observed, and soil water characteristics were determined using a pressure plate apparatus unit from undisturbed soil samples, while SOC and particle-size distribution were analyzed from disturbed soil samples. The uppermost 10 cm soil layers were dominated by organic-C intervals of more than 3.0% while the 10-20 cm depths had intervals of less than 3.0%. Soils under oil palm and rice production had higher SOC of above 6.0% and water availability at the field capacity of 0.4-0.6 g g-1, particularly at 0-10 cm depths, while those under rubber and grass had a lower status of measured variables, particularly at 10-20 cm depth. There was a strong relationship (R2 = 0.63) between the soil organic carbon and water availability among study soils, suggesting the possibility to predict potential soil water deficits from organic matter status.
The growth of three varieties of black pepper (Piper nigrum) under different light intensities related to indigenous hormones role Issukindarsyah Issukindarsyah; Endang Sulistyaningsih; Didik Indradewa; Eka Tarwaca Susila Putra
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 5 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210502

Abstract

Abstract. Issukindarsyah, Sulistyaningsih E, Indradewa D, Putra ETS. 2020. The growth of three varieties of black pepper (Piper nigrum) under different light intensities related to indigenous hormones role. Biodiversitas 21: 1778-1785. Low light intensity causes the alteration of plant biochemical and morphological as the mechanism of adaptation. The experiment used split-plot design with three replications. The main plots were three light intensity levels, i.e. 100%, 75%, and 50% radiation; while subplots were three varieties namely Nyelungkup, Petaling 1 and Petaling 2. This research was conducted to figure out the effect of shadings on hormones and the growth of three varieties of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.). The results showed that in initial vegetative growth, varieties of Nyelungkup and Petaling 1 had higher growth of both ortotroph and plagiotroph branches, leaf number, leaf area, length of root, root surface area, plant dry weight, nett assimilation rate, and plant growth rate than the variety of Petaling 2. The light intensity of 50% and 75% increased the auxin and gibberellin contents of the leaf but they did not affect the zeatin. The maximum gibberellin and auxin contents of leaf were recorded at 75% light intensity. The 50% and 75% light intensity raised the length, diameter, and internode of ortotroph branch; number, length, and internode of plagiotroph branch; leaf number; leaf area; leaf area ratio; length of root; root surface area; plant growth rate and plant dry weight related to indigenous hormones role.
Isolation and characterization of Botryococcus braunii from a freshwater environment in Tenggarong, Kutai Kartanegara, Indonesia Rudy Agung Nugroho; RR Dirgarini Julia Nurlianti Subagyono; Enos Tangke Arung
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 5 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210565

Abstract

Abstract. Nugroho RA, Subagyono DJN, Arung ET. 2020. Isolation and characterization of Botryococcus braunii from a freshwater environment in Tenggarong, Kutai Kartanegara, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 2331-2336. The use of microalgae as an alternative source of oil has gained much attention in recent years. The present study was conducted to isolate and characterize microalgae Botryococcus braunii from a freshwater environment, located in Tenggarong, Kutai Kartanegara, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. B. braunii were cultured and determined their growth in terms of biomass yield and the presence of lipid globules by red Nile staining. Dry biomass, phosphate, and protein content of cultured B. braunii were measured at 3 days of intervals for 24 days. Biomass yield, hydrocarbon, carotenoid, and chlorophyll content were determined at the pH range of 6, 6.5, 7, 7.5, and 8 and various CO2 concentrations. The result showed that B. braunii collected from freshwater in Tenggarong can produce lipid globules. The highest growth of B. braunii was reached at day 15, while the optimal phosphate content was on the 12th day, and the protein was relatively stable during culture. The optimal weight of B. braunii biomass was reached at pH 7 and 4% CO2 and the highest hydrocarbon content was obtained at pH 8 and 4% CO2. The highest chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were obtained 4% CO2. In conclusion, B. braunii collected from Tenggarong was successfully cultured and able to produce lipid globules. The optimal conditions for its growth and production of hydrocarbon, phosphate, protein, chlorophyll, and carotenoid were at pH of 7-8 and 4% CO2.
Morphological variation of two common sea grapes (Caulerpa lentillifera and Caulerpa racemosa) from selected regions in the Philippines Jeremaiah Estrada; NONNATUS S. BAUTISTA; MARIBEL L. DIONISIO-SESE
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 5 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210508

Abstract

Abstract. Estrada JL, Bautista NS, Dionisio-Sese ML. 2020. Morphological variation of two common sea grapes (Caulerpa lentillifera and Caulerpa racemosa) from selected regions in the Philippines. Biodiversitas 21: 1823-1832. Seagrapes, locally known in the Philippines as “lato” or “ar-arusip”, are economically important macroalgae belonging to the edible species of the genus Caulerpa. This study characterized and compared distinct populations of sea grapes from selected regions in the Philippines and described the influence of physicochemical parameters of seawater on their morphology. Morphometric, cluster and principal component analyses showed that morphological plasticity exists in sea grapes species (Caulerpa lentillifera and Caulerpa racemosa) found in different sites in the Philippines. These are evident in morphometric parameters namely, assimilator height, space between assimilators, ramulus diameter and number of rhizoids on stolon wherein significant differences were found. This evident morphological plasticity was analyzed in relation to physicochemical parameters of the seawater. Assimilator height of C. racemosa is significantly associated and highly influenced by water depth, salinity, temperature and dissolved oxygen whereas for C. lentillifera depth and salinity are the significant influencing factors. Highest assimilator height of sea grapes was found in Coron and Culion in Palawan due to higher salinity and temperature while in Mactan, Cebu, it is primarily attributed to lower depth and higher salinity values.
Comparative leaf and wood anatomical characteristics of Chrysophyllum (Sapotaceae) relate to taxonomy of the species in Thailand SAMOESAK PRASAWANG; Anitthan Srinual
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 4 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210439

Abstract

Abstract. Prasawang S, Srinual A. 2020. Comparative leaf and wood anatomical characteristics of Chrysophyllum (Sapotaceae) relate to taxonomy of the species in Thailand. Biodiversitas 21: 1578-1587. Anatomical attributes are important tools for taxonomic studies of plants. The present study compared anatomical characteristics (i.e. lamina, petiole and wood) of two species of Chrysophyllum (namely Chrysophyllum cainito L. and C. roxburghii G.Don) belonging to family Sapotaceae in Thailand to develop taxonomic identification keys for two species of Chrysophyllum. Peeling and clearing methods were used for epidermal study, paraffin method for lamina and petiole transverse sections and standard microtome sectioning for anatomical analyses of wood. The findings of this study demonstrated the leaf and wood anatomical features presenting in C. cainito differs from those in the species of C. roxburghii including 1) shape and outline of epidermal cell wall 2) presence or absence of T-shaped trichome 3) presence or absence of inclusions 4) shape of vascular bundle and accessory bundle in midrib 5) shape of petiole and vascular bundle 6) grouping type of vessel 7) type of axial parenchyma 8) presence or absence of inclusions in rays and 9) thickness of fiber walls. Therefore, these characteristics can be used valuably as additional data in case of taxonomic studies of Thai Chrysophyllum.
The identification of plant reliefs in the Lalitavistara story of Borobudur temple, Central Java, Indonesia Destario Metusala; Fauziah; Dewi Ayu Lestari; JANIS DAMAIYANI; SHOFIYATUL MAS’UDAH; HARI SETYAWAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 5 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210549

Abstract

Abstract. Metusala D, Fauziah, Lestari DA, Damaiyani J, Mas’udah S, Setyawan H. 2020. The identification of plant reliefs in the Lalitavistara story of Borobudur temple, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 2206-2215. The Lalitavistara sutra is one of the central texts in the Mahayana tradition and it describes the life of the Buddha. This sutra has been carved in a good detail into 120 relief panels. These reliefs showed many plant figures that have often been carved in proper shape, so that made it possible for identification. The identification results showed that there were at least 63 species of plants in the Lalitavistara relief at Borobudur and these more various than species mentioned in the Lalitavistara sutra. Some species even only be found on reliefs but not in the text. These findings have indicated several important points; (i). the ancient Javanese community at that time already had a high awareness of the plant diversity, (ii). the plant figures as component in building atmosphere/background have been used by the carver as an opportunity for improvisation, (iii). the plant reliefs in Borobudur can be seen to reflect the surrounding plant diversity at the time, and (iv). the identification of plant reliefs in Borobudur can be used as an approach to understand the perspective of an ancient Javanese community on the importance of plant diversity.
Characterization and expression of Cm-AAT1 gene encoding alcohol acyl-transferase in melon fruit (Cucumis melo L.) ‘Hikapel’ WIKO ARIF WIBOWO; MUHAMMAD IMAM FATKHUROHMAN; BUDI SETIADI DARYONO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 7 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210722

Abstract

Abstract. Wibowo WA, Fatkhurohman MI, Daryono BS. 2020. Characterization and expression of Cm-AAT1 gene encoding alcohol acyl-transferase in melon fruit (Cucumis melo L.) ‘Hikapel’. Biodiversitas 21: 3041-3046. Melon (Cucumis melo L.) is one of the horticulture commodities that have high economic value and its needs increase continuously. Many new melon cultivars have been assembled to produce a higher quality melon. Melon 'Hikapel' developed by the Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Biology UGM has distinctive character in the form of a strong aroma. This aroma is a complex mixture of various kinds of volatile compound. One of the main determinant compounds is a volatile ester, synthesized by the alcohol acyl-transferase enzyme encoded by the Cm-AAT1 gene. Characterization of Cm-AAT1 began with isolation of melon rinds to get total RNAs. Synthesis cDNA was conducted with oligo-dT primer, followed by detection of Cm-AAT1 using specific primers. A specific band was sequenced to perform phylogenetic tree. Gene expression from 4 melon cultivars, ‘Hikapel’, ‘Hikadi’, ‘Sun Lady’, and ‘Luna’ analysis was performed using relative quantitative Real-Time PCR. The results of this study showed that Cm-AAT1 owned not only by aromatic cultivars ‘Hikapel’ and ‘Hikadi’, but also owned by non-aromatic cultivars ‘Sun Lady’ and ‘Luna’. Phylogenetic analysis shows a high similarity between Cm-AAT1 on 'Hikapel' and 'Hikadi'. Gene expression analysis on 'Hikapel' increases as the process of fruit ripening during the storage period and it is in contrast to 'Hikadi' at decrease when the fruit began to enter the decay process on day 7th. Expression of Cm-AAT1 on ‘Hikapel’ was higher than ‘Hikadi’ at the peak of fruit maturity.
Nesting behavior of Bornean immature Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) in Nyaru Menteng Arboretum School, Palangka Raya, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia Fouad Fauzi; Soemarno Soemarno; Aminudin Afandhi; Amin Setyo Leksono
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 5 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210545

Abstract

Abstract. Fauzi F, Suemarno, Afandhi A, Leksono AS. 2020. Nesting behavior of Bornean immature Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) in Nyaru Menteng Arboretum School, Palangka Raya, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 2172-2179. This research aimed at analyzing the nesting behavior of Bornean Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) in Nyaru Menteng Arboretum, Palangka Raya, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. The objects of observation were the immature orangutan nest, and the type of nest tree. The purposive sampling technique was used because not all immature Orangutan could make a nest. The Focal animal sampling method was used to determine the daily behavior and nets building activity. It involved observing and recording the behavior of five young Orangutans over a certain period of time and analyzing the nest made. The results of the study established that the daily activity of immature Orangutan on an average sequentially ranges from feeding 17.18%, moving 23.92%, resting 26.34%, and social behavior 32.57%. The process of making a nest begins with finding a suitable branch, bending and breaking twigs, and then arranging the twigs and leaves as a mattress. The duration of building a nest was 5.00 to 6.44 minutes, the preferred nest tree was Palaquium xanthochymum and Shorea spp., and the direction of the nest more facing west.
Genetic patterns of the corals Euphyllia glabrescens and Lobophyllia corymbosa across the Indonesian Archipelago Jamaluddin Jompa; WIDYASTUTI UMAR; SYAFYUDDIN YUSUF; ASMI CITRA MALINA AR. TASSAKKA; Gino V. Limmon; RAHMI; AMANDA PRICELLA PUTRI; HALWI; HARTATI TAMTI; ABIGAIL MARY MOORE
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 6 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210621

Abstract

Abstract. Jompa J, Umar W, Yusuf S, Tassakka ACM, Limmon GV, Rahmi, Putri AP, Halwi, Tamti H, Moore AM. 2020. Genetic patterns of the corals Euphyllia glabrescens and Lobophyllia corymbosa across the Indonesian Archipelago. Biodiversitas 21: xxxx. Scleractinian corals can reproduce in several ways, with two main sexual reproduction modes known as brooding and broadcast spawning. In this study, we described patterns of genetic variation within and connectivity between coral populations in western Indonesia (Seribu Archipelago), central Indonesia (Spermonde Archipelago), and eastern Indonesia (Ambon). We sampled two readily identifiable corals popular in the marine aquarium trade, one species widely reported as a brooder (Euphyllia glabrescens), the other as a broadcast spawner (Lobophyllia corymbosa). The mitochondrial COI genome was amplified for 117 samples. Within-population genetic variation was high, especially at the eastern Indonesia (Ambon) site. The genetic connectivity patterns were similar for the two corals, with high connectivity between the Seribu and Spermonde Archipelagos (despite a geographical separation of more than 1,000 km) and a lack of connectivity between these two sites and Ambon. These results indicate a potential barrier to gene flow between coral populations in western/central Indonesia and those to the east of Sulawesi Island.

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