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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Antioxidant activity screening of seven Indonesian herbal extract Johan Sukweenadhi; Oeke Yunita; Finna Setiawan; KARTINI; Maya Theresa Siagian; nggreyni Pratiwi Danduru; Christina Avanti
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 5 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210532

Abstract

Abstract. Sukweenadi J, Yunita O, Setiawan F, Kartini, Siagian MT, Danduru AP, Avanti C. 2020. Antioxidant Activity Screening of Seven Indonesian Herbal Extract. Biodiversitas 21: 2062-2067. Kumis kucing (Orthosiphon stamineus), pegagan (Centella asiatica), seledri (Apium graveolens), kunyit (Curcuma domestica), temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza), tempuyung (Sonchus arvensis) and meniran (Phyllanthus niruri) are herbs that commonly used in the Indonesia folk medicine. The constituents that responsible for several important biological activities are phenolic and flavonoid compounds which also possess antioxidant activity. Antioxidant activity of those seven Indonesian herbal extracts was evaluated using DPPH, ABTS and FRAP methods. The extraction was done with the reflux method by using 80% ethanol as a solvent. The total phenol and total flavonoids from each herbal extract were measured using Folin–Ciocalteu reagent and spectrophotometry. Antioxidant activity results by DPPH method on O. stamineus, C. asiatica, A. graveolens, C. domestica, C. xanthorrhiza, S. arvensis, and P. niruri showed IC50 value at 132; ND; 2221; 361; 538; 1118; and 102 ppm, respectively. Results from ABTS method, showed IC50 value at 22; 1199; 169; 100; 82; 143; and 20 ppm respectively. While results from the FRAP method showed that the ethanolic extract of P. niruri at a concentration of 20 ppm possesses the strongest antioxidant activity (17.41 ppm AEAC/ppm extract). The content of total phenolic compounds are 22.50; 0.67; 2.16; 11.40; 7.80; 7.22; and 2.62% GAE, while the total flavonoid compounds were 19.88; 6.67; 4.06; 71.02; 34.62; 3.78; and 8.34% QE, respectively. It can be concluded that ethanolic extract of P. niruri and O. stamineus obtain the highest antioxidant activity based on DPPH, ABTS and FRAP method.
Exploring functional fungi on organic matter decomposition of oil palm empty bunches as bio-resource in land remediation Burhanuddin Rasyid; AMBO ALA; TUTIK KUSWINANTI; SUKRIMING SAPARENG
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 9 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210941

Abstract

Abstract. Rasyid B, Ala A, Kuswinanti T, Sapareng S. 2020. Exploring functional fungi on organic matter decomposition of oil palm empty bunches as bio-resource in land remediation. Biodiversitas 21: 4247-4252. Organic matter of oil palm by-product has the potential to be applied for land remediation. The objective of this experiment was to explore functional fungi on the decomposition effectivity of oil palm empty bunches. Samples were collected from oil palm plantation fields and oil palm factory. Isolated fungi from decomposed material (trunks and rod) were Penicillium sp., Pleurotus sp., Fusarium sp., Chrysosporium sp., and Aspergillus sp. Fungi in the empty fruit branches were identified as Absidia sp., Tremella sp., and Trichoderma sp., Phytophthora sp., Ulocladium sp., and Chaetomium sp. Within all collected fungal isolates, Pleurotus sp., Trichoderma sp., and Tremella sp. were selected as functional fungi based on the results of the highest lignocellulolytic ability (50-75%). The degradation rate of organic matter of each functional fungi was observed as Trichoderma sp. (24.0%), Tremella sp. (20.0%), and Pleurotus sp. (16.0%). Change of C/N ratio as a result of decomposition showed significant difference compared to control with 22.09 by Trichoderma sp., 24.26 by Pleurotus sp., 26.68 by Tremella sp. and 36.58 in control. This study could be concluded that exploring functional fungi can potentially be applied in the decomposition of oil palm by-product effectively.
Effect of the administration of probiotic Bacillus NP5 in the rearing media on water quality, growth, and disease resistance of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Achmad Noerkhaerin Putra; Mas bayu Syamsunarno; Widia Ningrum; Jumyanah Jumyanah; Mustahal Mustahal
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 6 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210629

Abstract

Abstract. Putra AN, Syamsunarno MB, Ningrum W, Jumyanah, Mustahal. 2020. Effect of the administration of probiotic Bacillus NP5 in the rearing media on water quality, growth, and disease resistance of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Biodiversitas 21: 2566-2575. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of administration of the probiotic Bacillus NP5 in rearing media on water quality, growth, and disease resistance of African catfish. The study consisted of three different concentrations of probiotic Bacillus NP5 - C: control, A: probiotic Bacillus NP5 of 1 x 109 CFU/mL, and B: probiotic Bacillus NP5 of 1 x 1010 CFU/mL, on the rearing media of African catfish for 45 days. Based on the results, the lowest significant ammonia (P <0.05) was found in treatment A (1.91 ± 0.17 mg/L), then followed by B (2.12 ± 0.14 mg/L) while the highest was in the control (2.36 ± 0.19 mg/L). Treatment A also had a better immune response compared to other treatments shown with the highest significant number of leukocytes at 6.69 ± 0.17 x 104 cells/mm3 and phagocyte activity at 65.19 ± 0.04%. Furthermore, treatment A significantly resulted in the best specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio (2.02 ± 0.07%.day-1, 1.05 ± 0.07, respectively). The administration of probiotic Bacillus NP5 of 1 x 109 CFU/mL in rearing media significantly improved the ammonia value, growth, and resistance of African catfish to Aeromonas hydrophila infection.
Chemotypes and antibacterial activities of Inula viscosa essential oils from Algeria Abdelkader Ounoughi; Messaoud Ramdani; Takia Lograda; Pierre Chalard; Gilles figueredo
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 4 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210431

Abstract

Abstract. Ounoughi A, Ramdani M, Lograda  T, Chalard P, Figueredo G. 2020. Chemotypes and antibacterial activities of Inula viscosa essential oils from Algeria. Biodiversitas 21: 1504-1517. The aim of this work is to investigate the chemical composition and the antibacterial activities of the essential oils from Inula viscosa (L.) Aiton. Samples were collected in the flowering stage, from different localities in Algeria. The aerial parts of I. viscosa were submitted to a hydro distillation. The chemical composition of the essential oil was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The antibacterial activity of the essential oils was evaluated using the disc diffusion method against fifteen bacterial species. Fifty-eight compounds representing 98.93 ± 2.03% of the total oil was identified in I. viscosa. It was found that the chemical composition was dominated by the presence of the following major products: polygodial (19.8 ± 16.97%), phytol (12.3 ± 9.77%), fokienol (6.01 ± 3.43%), intermedeol neo (5.09 ± 2.38%), caryophyllene oxide (4.91 ± 3.03%), nerolidol-Z (4.46 ± 5.46%), nerolidol-E (4.24 ± 8.07%) and ?-ionone iso methyl-E (3.72 ± 2.26%). The essential oil of I. viscosa has moderate activity against the bacteria tested. In contrast, the Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonon syringae ATCC 53543 and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 49452 strains are resistant to I. viscosa essential oils. The phytochemical study of I. viscosa showed that it is rich in terpene compounds, with polygodial and phytol as major components. Three distinct chemotypes are highlighted. The (Polygodial-Intermedeol-neo-Phytol) chemotype of Salah Bey population and two chemotypes with Fokinol-polygodial and Fokinol-phytol. Moderate antibacterial activities of essential oils against the bacteria tested were found.
Review: The conservation of Tengger indigenous people's traditional knowledge of biological natural resource?based disease treatments EMILDA KUSPRANINGRUM; THOHIR LUTH; YULIATI YULIATI; RACHMAD SAFA’AT; Harlinda Kuspradini
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 11 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d211108

Abstract

Abstract. Kuspraningrum E, Luth T, Yuliati, Safa'at R, Kuspradini H. 2020. Review: The conservation of Tengger indigenous people's traditional knowledge of biological natural resource?based disease treatments. Biodiversitas 21: 5040-5053. The indigenous people of Tengger, a community living around Bromo Mountain in East Java, frequently use ethnic knowledge to process biological natural resources into medicines used to cure diseases. These include Foeniculum vulgare Mill. tree, Tithonia diversifolia/insulin tree, Mikania cordata L. and Bidens pilosa tree, Cyphomandra betacea (Cav.) Sendtn., and Acorus calamus L. This intelligence is acquired consciously to solve health problems. In addition, the bond between the community and nature is highly philosophical, hence the presence of respect and maintaining the harmony of Knowledge obtained from nature ensures life continuity. Therefore, the belief is passed on through the generations, and traditional knowledge is attained following the gain of existence. This phenomenon is proven by numerous modern researches with scientific methods that admit the plant healing properties. In addition, traditional knowledge is a significant topic of interest in the United Nations' Convention on Biological Diversity, and was thus ratified by Law Number 5 of 1994. The object of this research is potential medicinal plants for healing and tengger indigenous people’s conservation model is to provide a platform to protect the interest of biological resources, including their use in the field of medicines belonging to indigenous peoples. Therefore, the empirical interdisciplinary research involves the compilation of data from the collection of similar scientific journals, for use as evidence. This is important to ascertain the existence of traditional medicine based on natural resources, followed by integrations with other disciplines, including the laws to be developed concerning the best protection methods. Furthermore, this investigation is essential for identifying the philosophical values of Tengger people, the importance of knowledge conservation, and recognizing the laws and regulations-based efforts aimed at protecting information on plant-based medicine production from extinction and biopiracy. These considerations are important because the absence of government intervention, alongside the preservation of plant species and traditional knowledge on treatment predisposes the possibility of destruction.
Effectiveness of biological control of Trichoderma harzianum on soybean leaf rust disease and the production in West Papua Lowland, Indonesia EKO AGUS MARTANTO; ADELIN E. TANATI; SAMEN BAAN; HERMAN R. TATA; Agustinus Murdjoko
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 5 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210521

Abstract

Abstract. Martanto EA, Tanati AE, Baan S, Tata HR, Murdjoko A. 2020. Effectiveness of biological control of Trichoderma harzianum on soybean leaf rust disease and the production in West Papua Lowland, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1935-1939. This study aims to evaluate the application of Trichoderma harzianum in leaf rust disease on soybean and its production. The study was conducted for three months starting from May to July 2017, at Residential Unit 11th Sidey Subdistrict, Manokwari District, West Papua Province, Indonesia. This study was designed using Factorial Complete Randomized Design consisting of two treatment factors and repeated three times. There was no treatment of pathogen inoculation in the field. The tested varieties had a different response to plant height. Burangrang, Grobogan, Dena-1, Anjasmoro, and Detam-1 varieties were categorized as moderate resistant varieties. The Trichoderma harzianum application should be applied in the whole crops of soybean to control environmentally the leaf rust disease. Seeds weight per plot for Dena-1 variety was higher compared to other varieties. The combination of Detam-1 varieties with Trichoderma treatment 2 times resulted in increased production.
Remobilization of zinc in sediments by mangrove and its associated species in Blanakan River, West Java, Indonesia Noverita Dian Takarina
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 4 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210458

Abstract

Abstract. Takarina ND. 2020. Remobilization of zinc in sediments by mangrove and its associated species in Blanakan River, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1743-1748. The biodiversity of mangrove and associated species have contribution to remove contaminants from aquatic environment, for example, river. This work aims to study the effects of mangrove and associated species in absorbing zinc (Zn) from water and sediment and remobilizing it into stems. The work was conducted by sampling mangroves, associated species, sediment and water along 9 stations in riparian of Blanakan River, West Java. The stems of mangrove and associated species, water and sediments were analyzed for Zn content using AAS. The biodiversity was evaluated using Shannon-Wiener index (H’). The bioremobilization potential was calculated using Bioconcentration Factor (BCF). There were 3 true mangrove species (i.e. Rhizophora mucronata, Avicennia marina, and Sonneratia caseolaris) and 3 mangrove associate species (i.e. Colocasia esculenta, Ipomoea aquatica, and Wedelia biflora). The H’ was ranging from 0.5 to 0.7. We found that the riparian with high species richness and biodiversity has less Zn contents both in water and sediments, while the riparian that has low species diversity has high Zn in water and sediments. All the mangrove and associated species have stored Zn in their stems with the most effective species in remobilizing Zn from water and sediment were C. esculenta, S. caseolaris, and R. mucronata. The contamination of Zn in aquatic ecosystem can be managed and reduced by increasing mangrove and associated species diversity and planting species that effective in remobilization of contaminants from environment.
Identification and genetic diversity of Spodoptera frugiperda in Lampung Province, Indonesia Puji Lestari; ADRIYANA BUDIARTI; Yuyun Fitriana; FX. SUSILO; I GEDE SWIBAWA; HAMIM SUDARSONO; RADIX SUHARJO; AGUS M. HARIRI; PURNOMO; NURYASIN; SOLIKHIN; LESTARI WIBOWO; JUMARI; MAMAN HARTAMAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 4 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210448

Abstract

Abstract. Lestari P, Budiarti A, Fitriana Y, Susilo FX, Swibawa IG, Sudarsono H, Suharjo R, Hariri AM, Purnomo, Nuryasin, Solikhin, Wibowo L, Jumari, Hartaman M. 2020. Identification and genetic diversity of Spodoptera frugiperda in Lampung Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1670-1677. Spodoptera frugiperda is one of the most recent invasive and destructive insect pest in Indonesia. Recently, it has been reported that this pest was found in some cornfield areas in Sumatera, including Lampung. This research was performed to confirm the presence of S. frugiperda in Lampung Province by collecting and identifying larvae of Spodoptera found in the field as well as investigation on the genetic diversity of the established populations and to observe the damage caused by this pest on cornfields in the Lampung Province. The observation was conducted from February-April 2019 at four locations (districts) representing corn-producing areas in Lampung, namely Lampung Selatan, Lampung Timur, Pesawaran and Pringsewu, each location comprising five plots. The plot is a cornfield with plants aged 14-40 days after planting. Twenty plants were randomly chosen in every plot as plant samples to collect the Spodoptera larvae and to calculate the absolute plant damage caused by the larvae. The absolute plant damage was analyzed by dividing the attacked plants with total plants observed and multiply by 100%. Identification of the Spodoptera larvae was performed based on morphological characters and molecular techniques using sequence analysis of Cytochrome c Oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. The result confirmed that the larvae found in the cornfield in Lampung were S. frugiperda. There was no nucleotides variation in the sequence of COI gene among S. frugiperda found in Lampung Province (Lampung Selatan, Lampung Timur, Pesawaran and Pringsewu) as well as S. frugiperda that was found in corn from foreign countries. The absolute plant damage caused by this pest in the four districts of Lampung was in the range of 26.50-70%.
Rapid assessment of butterfly diversity of two proposed Community Resource Management Areas (CREMAs) in the Western North Region of Ghana: Implication for conservation Rosina Kyerematen; CHRISTIANA NAA DEEDEI TETTEY; ROGER SIGISMUND ANDERSON
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 8 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210837

Abstract

Abstract. Tettey CND, Anderson RS, Kyerematen R. 2020. Rapid assessment of butterfly diversity of two proposed Community Resource Management Areas (CREMAs) in the Western North Region of Ghana: Implication for conservation. Biodiversitas 21: 3699-3706. Community Resource Management Areas (CREMAs) are non-reserved land masses with local communities living in them that contain important components of biodiversity and are open to free access. Biodiversity in these off-reserve areas in Ghana is fast depleting due to unsustainable anthropogenic activities. The Rapid Biodiversity Assessment (RBA) method was conducted in the proposed Manzan and Yawmatwa CREMAs in Sefwi-Debiso; in the Western North Region of Ghana using butterflies as indicator taxa to estimate species richness and diversity in two proposed CREMAs to prioritize these rapidly diminishing forest areas for conservation. A total of 1,352 individual butterflies were recorded at the end of a two-week rapid assessment; with 83 species belonging to five families (Nymphalidae, Papilionidae, Pieridae, Lycaenidae, and Hesperiidae). The findings of the study revealed that 38.5% of the butterfly population belongs to species associated with severe forest disturbance; indicating that these ecosystems are gradually being threatened by ongoing anthropogenic activities. Management efforts aimed at butterfly conservation should be geared towards protecting these proposed CREMAs from excessive human disturbances.
The very low genetic variability on Aceh Tamiang’s (Indonesia) population of Painted Terrapin (Batagur borneoensis) inferred by cytochrome oxidase I (CO I) and D-loop (control region) JOKO GUNTORO; WIRDATETI; AWAL RIYANTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 6 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210624

Abstract

Abstract. Guntoro J, Wirdateti, Riyanto A. 2020. The very low genetic variability on Aceh Tamiang’s (Indonesia) population of Painted Terrapin (Batagur borneoensis) inferred by cytochrome oxidase I (CO I) and D-loop (control region). Biodiversitas 21: 2514-2520. Populations of Batagur borneoensis have been rapidly decreasing due to the harvesting of adults and eggs for food and the construction of beachfront property causing the loss of nesting areas. By the new Indonesian regulation, since 2018 this turtle listed in the protected animal. Meanwhile, IUCN placed as critically endangered which indicating a high risk of extinction in the wild in the near future (www.iucnredlist.org). We used cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and control region D-loop region to investigate intraspecific variations on Aceh Tamiang’s population of painted terrapin, Batagur borneoensis. DNA material was gathered from saliva collected from 90 juveniles in the reaching facility of Sukacita Lestari Indonesia Foundation which hatched from eggs collected from December 2015 to April 2016 from 30 nests on beach area at Aceh Tamiang. The population showed very low genetic variability (haplotype diversity, Hd = 0.457 based on COI and 0.405 based on D-loop; nucleotide diversity, ? = 0.00089 based on COI and 0.00076 based on D-loop). So, we suggested that further study such as more exploration to find new wild populations and genetic study across wild populations should be done to reveal genetic variability and genetic structure which important to decide the conservation strategy. At the time for Aceh Tamiang's population, the ranching conservation program should be maintained at least to keep the successful hatchling from hunters and natural predators both during eggs laying and hatching.

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