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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Parasitism disruption by ants of Anagyrus lopezi (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), parasitoid of cassava mealybug Muhammad Zainal Fanani; Aunu Rauf; Nina Maryana; Ali Nurmansyah; Dadan Hindayana
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 6 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210601

Abstract

Abstract. Fanani MZ, Rauf A, Maryana N, Nurmansyah A, Hindayana D. 2020. Parasitism disruption by ants of Anagyrus lopezi (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), parasitoid of cassava mealybug. Biodiversitas 21: 2337-2343. Parasitoid, Anagyrus lopezi (De Santis) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) was introduced into Indonesia in 2014 to control the invasive cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Among ants associated with honeydew-producing hemipterans, there are three common species in Indonesia i.e., Anoplolepis gracilipes (Smith), Dolichoderus thoracicus (Smith), and Oecophylla smaragdina (Fabricius) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). The objective of this research was to investigate the relative influence of the three ant species on the parasitism of A. lopezi under laboratory conditions. Experiments were carried out by allowing a number of ants and parasitoids to forage on mealybugs-infested waterleaf (Talinum triangulare (Jaqc.) Willd.). The average time spent by individual parasitoid foraging was significantly longer (27.39 minutes) on ant-excluded plants compared to ant-attended plants (2.47- 4.68 minutes). Accordingly, parasitoid spent less time in finding hosts on ant-excluded plants, while spent a longer time in handling hosts. More oviposition activities by parasitoids on mealybug were occurred on ant-excluded plants compared to those on ant-attended plants. As a result, the percentage of parasitism and the number of wasps that emerged from the hosts on ant-excluded plants were almost 2 - 3 folds higher than those on ant-attended plants.
The liverwort family Lejeuneaceae (Marchantiophyta) of Mount Lubuk Raya, North Sumatra, Indonesia etti sartina siregar; NURSAHARA PASARIBU; KHAIRANI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 6 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210653

Abstract

Abstract. Siregar ES, Pasaribu N, Khairani. 2020. The liverwort family Lejeuneaceae (Marchantiophyta) of Mount Lubuk Raya, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 2767-2776. Lejeuneaceae is the largest family in the liverworts. Information on the species of Lejeuneaceae in North Sumatra is still less reported, especially in Mount Lubuk Raya has never been reported. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore the diversity of Lejeuneaceae in Mount Lubuk Raya, North Sumatra. The study was done using survey method by exploring along the hiking tracks on the study site. All the samples found were collected and then identified in the laboratory-based on morphological characters used the existing literature of Lejeuneaceae. Thirty-seven species of Lejeuneaceae, belonging to 18 genera were identified from Mount Lubuk Raya. Eight species are proposed as new reported for Sumatra: Ceratolejeunea belangeriana, Colura vitiensis, Lejeunea curviloba, Lejeunea dipterota, Lepidolejeunea bidentula, Leptolejeunea maculata, Schiffneriolejeunea pulopenangensis, Spruceanthus planiusculus. Identification key of species and pictures of species newly recorded is provided in this paper.
The ecology, productivity and economic of swiftlet (Aerodramus fuciphagus) farming in Kota Bangun, East Kalimantan, Indonesia Mursidah MURSIDAH; Abubakar M. Lahjie; MASJAYA MASJAYA; Yaya Rayadin; YOSEP RUSLIM
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 7 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210732

Abstract

Abstract. Mursidah, Lahjie AM, Masjaya, Rayadin Y, Ruslim Y. 2020. The ecology, productivity and economic of swiftlet (Aerodramus fuciphagus) farming in Kota Bangun, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 3117-3126. Swiftlet nest is a high-value non-timber forest product produced from the saliva of swiftlet birds. While the demands for this commodity continue to increase in global market, careless harvesting techniques have diminished the swiftlet population and the production of swiftlet nests, threatening its sustainability. One effort to solve this problem is by developing swiftlet farming which involves building swiftlet. This research aimed to analyze the ecology, productivity, and financial feasibility of swiftlet farming of different-sized swiftlet houses in Kota Bangun Subdistrict, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. This research used qualitative and quantitative analysis methods. Data were collected using purposive sampling to determine the location, sample of swiftlet houses, and interviews with respondents. Quantitative analysis on the financial performance of swiftlet farming was analyzed using the net Benefit-Cost Ratio (net B/C), Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and Payback Period (PP) methods. The results showed that swiftlet nest production in Kota Bangun begins in the third year and ends between 27 and 45 years later, depending on the age and size of the house as well as the quality of the timber. The swiftlet house with a size of ??512 m2 had the net B/C of 4.06, NPV of IDR 1,403.79 million, IRR of 30%, and PP of 5.44 years. The swiftlet house with a size of ??1,600 m2 had the net B/C of 2.27, NPV of IDR 1,774.83 million, IRR of 24.09%, and PP of 9.4 years. Our study suggests that swiftlet farming is financially highly feasible, especially for the swiftlet house with a size of 512 m2.
Dipteran diversity and succession pattern on carcass of rabbits treated with opium dross: Implication in forensic medicine davood keshavarz; Yavar Rassi; Mohamadali Oshaghi; KOUROSH AZIZI; SAYENA RAFIZADEH; MARZIEA SHAHRIARINAMADI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 7 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210734

Abstract

Abstract. Keshavarz D, Rassi Y, Oshaghi MA, Azizi K, Rafizadeh S, Shahriarinamadi M. 2020. Dipteran diversity and succession pattern on carcass of rabbits treated with opium: Implication in forensic medicine. Biodiversitas 21: 3135-3141. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of opium on the succession pattern and diversity of Diptera on rabbit carcasses. In the present experimental study, dipteran species were collected from rabbit carcasses during the decay process. During this study, two replicates were performed, and four rabbits were used in each. Rabbits divided equally into two groups. In the first group, animals were received 25 mg opium dross orally via a gastric tube and then gradually increased the dose to 100 mg/case/day, while the second group were used as controls and received distilled water. The most frequent species on both carcass types were Chrysomya albiceps (26.2%), Lucilia sericata (15.9%), and Musca domestica (13.9%). Diversity analysis indicates high species richness on untreated carcasses (Shannon: 2.1; Margalef: 1.7). However, a significant difference was not detected for the Shannon index between the treated and untreated carcasses (P: 0.56). The taxa similarity values for sampling intervals ranged from 0.20-0.46 for both untreated and treated carcasses. Permutation analysis showed that successional patterns of dipteran species were similar between opium dross-treated and untreated carcasses. Therefore, in the case of opioid (opium) abused cadaver, this substance could not have an effect on the PMI estimation based on the pattern of succession. But it seems that the PMI should be corrected when the estimate is based on larval growth rate.
Detection of virulence and specific genes of Salmonella sp. indigenous from Jember, Indonesia Ria Yulian; Erlia Narulita; MOCHAMMAD IQBAL; DESY ROCHMIYAH SARI; IRMA SURYANINGSIH; DIAN EKA APRILIA FITRIA NINGRUM
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 7 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210703

Abstract

Abstract. Yulian R, Narulita E, Iqbal M, Rochmiyah D, Suryaningsih I, Ningrum DEAF. 2020. Detection of virulence and specific genes of Salmonella sp. indigenous from Jember, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 2889-2892. The bacterium Salmonella sp. is the most common cause of foodborne infection in humans. It has the ability to invAde the host, Salmonellosis is highly influenced by the combination of chromosome and plasmid in which Salmonella Pathogenisitas Islands (SPIs) are the biggest gene in the chromosome that are responsible to build specific interaction between Salmonella and the host. This research performed detection on virulence and specific genes in the SPIs area using PCR method for two Salmonella spp. bacterial isolates originated from Jember which were KP2 and P21D. Seven pairs of primers including stn, fimA, spvR (virulence genes), invA, ivaB, spvC, and fliC-d (specific genes) were used. The result revealed that P21D bacteria containing 3 virulence genes i.e. stn, fimA, and spvR. Meanwhile, only two virulent genes stn, and spvR were present in KP2 bacteria. For the detection of specific genes, three genes invA, ivaB, and spvC were present while fliC-d genes were not detected. Only two, invA, and ivaB genes were detected in P21D bacteria, while spvC, and fliC-d were not detected.
Distribution of bird communities in University of Lampung, Indonesia Dian Iswandaru; Novriyanti Novriyanti; Irwan Sukri Banuwa; Sugeng P. Harianto
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 6 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210634

Abstract

Abstract. Iswandaru D, Novriyanti N, Banuwa IS, Harianto SP. 2020. Distribution of bird communities in University of Lampung, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 2629-2637. University of Lampung (UNILA), Indonesia holds a variety of potential biodiversity, especially birds, species that are sensitive to environmental changes. It is necessary to detect early bird communities spread across UNILA before the physical of this higher institution of education (including vegetation distribution that supplies birdlife) begins to change even further. The method used is the Field Method and Concentration Count Method. Research and Experimental Garden (ST1), Integrated Field Laboratory (ST2), Soccer Field (ST3), Deer Breeding (ST4), Arboretum and Green Lane (ST5) were observed for 2 months. The results showed that 37 bird species from 21 families and 8 orders were spread in each study location. The Passeriformes group dominated in all five study sites with the number of species and the number of families reaching 57% of all species found. Most bird communities (individuals, species, and families) can be found in the Integrated Field Laboratory (ST2) compared to the other four locations. Diversity index numbers (H '), Evenness (E), and Dominance (D) types at this location also support it even though the overall results of the analysis show that the distribution of bird species is evenly distributed and that no bird species dominate in community building. 
Effects of permeable barriers on total ecosystem carbon stocks of mangrove forests and abandoned ponds in Demak District, Central Java, Indonesia Trialaksita Sari Priska Ardhani; DANIEL MURDIYARSO; CECEP KUSMANA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 11 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d211134

Abstract

Abstract. Authors. 2020. Effects of permeable barriers on total ecosystem carbon stocks of mangrove forests and abandoned ponds in Demak District, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 5298-5307.  In this study, we observed the effects of constructing permeable barriers in the low-lying coastal zone and severely eroded coast of Demak District, Central Java, Indonesia in the context of mangrove forest structures and carbon (C) dynamics. Forest structures were characterized by stand density, basal area, and ecological indices. The dynamics of C, expressed as total ecosystem carbon stocks (TECS), were compared in mangrove forests, abandoned ponds, and productive ponds by estimating C pools from above- and belowground biomass, dead organic matter, and soil. We found that permeable barriers, whether or not protect mangroves, results in the similarity of above- and belowground C due to no considerable difference in basal area. By contrast, soil properties in terms of bulk density, N concentration, and C:N ratio statistically varied among sites. We discovered that changes in soil properties were associated with duration of permeable barriers, resulting in an increase of soil C in mangrove sites, i.e., 618.84±30.39 Mg C ha?1; 704.13±17.73 Mg C ha?1; and 759.88±15.26 Mg C ha?1 in 0-, 1-, and 4-year-old permeable barriers, respectively. Moreover, these barriers were proved not only could enrich soil C in mangroves but also provide a habitat for Avicennia sp. seedlings in the newly reclaimed coastline.
Prevalence of Salmonella spp. in fresh fish and shrimp in Semarang’s Traditional Markets (Indonesia) through Polymerase Chain Reaction ULFAH AMALIA; Y. S. DARMANTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 6 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210622

Abstract

Abstract. Amalia U, Darmanto YS. 2020. Prevalence of Salmonella spp. in fresh fish and shrimp in Semarang’s Traditional Markets (Indonesia) through Polymerase Chain Reaction. Biodiversitas 21: 2500-2505. Fresh fish products are rich in macronutrients for meeting the protein needs of the consumer's community. Semarang is a city located in the North Coast of Java, indirectly closely related to the production of catches and processed fish and shrimp, including several large markets in Semarang, e.g.: Rejomulyo, Jatingaleh, and Rasamala. The problem was that there are still many fresh fish and shrimp traders in traditional markets who did not understand how to handling of fresh fish and shrimp properly so that it triggers the growth of bacteria, one of which is Salmonella spp. Indonesian National Standard requires that Salmonella must be negative in food, because these bacteria are pathogenic. Generally, detection of Salmonella in food using conventional methods requires 5 days. This study aims to determine how far the prevalence of Salmonella in fresh fish and shrimps in three traditional markets in Semarang through Polymerase Chain Reaction, Real-Time PCR compare with conventional methods. The results showed that 4 out of 9 fresh fish samples (44%) and also 5 out of 9 fresh shrimp samples (55.6%) in three traditional markets in Semarang was contaminated by Salmonella spp through conventional method; while all of samples (100%) was detected Salmonella spp using PCR.
Identification of compounds isolated from a methanolic extract of Acanthus ilicifolius leaves and evaluation of their antifungal and antioxidant activity Dwi Andriani; SYAMSULINA REVIANTI; WIDYASRI PRANANINGRUM
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 6 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210625

Abstract

Abstract. Andriani D, Revianti S, Prananingrum W. 2020. Identification of compounds isolated from a methanolic extract of Acanthus ilicifolius leaves and evaluation of their antifungal and antioxidant activity. Biodiversitas 21: 2521-2525. Acanthus ilicifolius L. (Acanthaceae) is commonly found in mangroves along the east coast of Surabaya. It can be used as an indicator of environmental pollution and damage in mangrove ecosystems. Studies have reported that A. ilicifolius has antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, anticancer, antileishmanial, and hepatoprotective activity due to the chemical compounds in the plant. This study aimed to determine the phytochemical compounds in methanolic extracts of A. ilicifolius and their antifungal and antioxidant activity. The study involved laboratory experiments with a post-test only control group design. Antifungal activity against Candida albicans biofilm was determined using microtiter plates. Antioxidant activity was determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. Phytochemical screening used colorimetric methods. Methanolic extracts of A. ilicifolius at 16% and 20% concentration had the same inhibitory effect as nystatin against C. albicans (about 70% inhibition of biofilm). Chemical compounds identified in the extract included flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, polyphenols, tannins, and steroids. Methanolic extracts of A. ilicifolius have strong antioxidant and antifungal activity, and the plant’s phytochemical compounds are potential candidates for antifungal therapy.
Effectiveness of oral irrigation with an extract of green microalga Nannochloropsis oculata as an anti-inflammatory in rats infected with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans SYAMSULINA REVIANTI; DWI ANDRIANI; KRISTANTI PARISIHNI; ENDAH WAHJUNINGSIH; WIDYASTUTI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 7 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210714

Abstract

Abstract. Revianti S, Andriani D, Parisihni K, Wahjuningsih E, Widyastuti. 2020. Effectiveness of oral irrigation with an extract of green microalga Nannochloropsis oculata as an anti-inflammatory in rats infected with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Biodiversitas 21: 2977-2981. Aggressive periodontitis is strongly correlated with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, a periodontopathic bacterium, which releases endotoxins and lipopolysaccharides (LPS). LPS acts as a stimulus to a variety of host cells that can promote the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as the tumor necrosis factor-? (TNF-?), in periodontal disease. The marine green microalga Nannochloropsis oculata has anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to examine the anti-inflammatory efficacy of oral irrigation with N. oculata extract against periodontitis induced by A. actinomycetemcomitans in a rat model. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided randomly into four groups (n = 6). First control group was without any treatment, the second to fourth groups were infected with A. actinomycetemcomitans and then orally irrigated with N. oculata extract at concentrations of 2.375%, 2.5%, and 2.625%. The mandibles of the euthanized rats were hemisected to measure the expression of TNF-?, interleukin-10 (IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine), and osteoprotegerin (OPG) by immunohistochemistry. The first group (control) showed significantly higher expression of TNF-? and significantly lower expression of IL-10 and OPG compared to the other groups. Oral irrigation with N. oculata extracts reduced the expression of TNF-? and enhanced the expression of IL-10 and OPG in rats infected with A. actinomycetemcomitans. The effective concentration of N. oculata extract as an anti-inflammatory for oral irrigation was 2.375%.

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