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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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New emerging entomopathogenic fungi isolated from soil in South Sumatra (Indonesia) and their filtrate and conidial insecticidal activity against Spodoptera litura Siti Herlinda; Riski Anwar Efendi; Radix Suharjo; Hasbi Hasbi; Arum Setiawan; Elfita Elfita; Marieska Verawaty
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 11 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d211115

Abstract

Abstract. Herlinda S, Efendi RA, Suharjo R, Hasbi, Setiawan A, Elfita, Verawaty M. 2020. New emerging entomopathogenic fungi isolated from soil in South Sumatra (Indonesia) and their filtrate and conidial insecticidal activity against Spodoptera litura. Biodiversitas 21: 5102-5113. This study was carried out to confirm identity of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae using sequence analysis of Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region as well as the two unknown isolates of EPF and to investigate their filtrate and conidial insecticidal activity against S. litura larvae. The EPF species were identified based on morphological characters and molecular analysis. Their culture filtrate and conidial bioassays were performed on S. litura larvae. The species found were Penicillium citrinum (BKbTp), Talaromyces diversus (MSwTp1), B. bassiana (BSwTd4), and M. anisopliae (MSwTp3) and have been deposited in the GenBank. All EPF species have high insecticidal activity against S. litura larvae. The highest larvae mortality caused by filtrate was found on P. citrinum (98.67%) and not significantly different from those of T. diversus (96%), but significantly different from B. bassiana (86.67%) and M anisopliae (82.67%). The highest larvae mortality caused by the conidia was also occurred to P. citrinum (98.67%) which was not significantly different from those of T. diversus (97.33%), B. bassiana (86.67%), and M. anisopliae (86.67%). The LT50 caused by T. diversus filtrate was the shortest (6.19 days) and not significantly different from those caused by P. citrinum (6.62 days). The shortest LT50 caused by conidia was found on P. citrinum (5.45 days). Therefore, the conidia and filtrate of P. citrinum, a new emerging entomopathogenic fungus, has the highest insecticidal activity. P. citrinum has the potential to be developed into commercial mycoinsecticides.
Biological parameters of Luciobarbus callensis populates Beni-Haroun dam, north-eastern Algeria Houda Berrouk; Fatiha Sahtout; Chahinez Boualleg
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 12 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d211214

Abstract

The fish age and growth data mainly assist many ichthyologists to understand the life history features of species and population. The growth is a major process of fish biology, and considered as one of the key processes of length-structured models of fishes. Thus,   the present study was devoted to studying the growth of an autochthonous species (Luciobarbus callensis), populating the dam of Beni-Haroun (Mila city, northeast Algeria), and is known by its socio-economic value and aquaculture interest. The study was conducted on a sampling of 257 fish individuals during the year 2015 – 2016. The age of Luciobarbus callensis was determined by using the described method or the scalimetry method, providing an easier sampling and reading procedures, and also a high precision.  Fish sexes were identified via the observation of gonads, by naked eye based on gonad shape and color, where the number of females was higher (165) than males (92). The obtained results revealed a maximum longevity as seven years of Luciobarbus callensis, and the determined growth parameters of the separated and combined fish sexes were found to be as follow: L?= 47,37  cm ; K= 0,29  ; t0= -0,51  ; Ø’= 2,813 (females); L?= 42,11  cm ; K =0,26  ; t0= -0,58 ; Ø’= 2,663 (males); and  L?= 47 37  cm ; K= 0,20 ; t0= -0,75 ;  Ø’ =2,652 (combined sex). Moreover, the evolution of the total weight of fishes with respect to their size presents a minor allometry (b<3), (with or without sex distinction).
Short Communication: Molecular study on mt-DNA COX2 gene of Sumatran elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus) Deny Setyo Wibowo; Rini Widiyanti; Machmud Asvan; Prista Dwi Restanti; Hery Wijayanto
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 2 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220263

Abstract

Abstract. Wibowo DS, Widiyanti R, Asvan M, Restanti PD, Wijayanto H. 2021. Short Communication: Molecular study on mt-DNA COX2 gene of Sumatran elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus). Biodiversitas 22: 1063-1068. Sumatran elephant is the only subspecies of Asian elephants that receives a critically endangered status from the International Union for Conservation and Nature Resources (IUCN). Identifying the genetic marker of Sumatran elephants is, therefore, important for their conservation. This study aimed to identify the Sumatran elephant based on specific mitochondrial DNA markers of the Cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (COX2) gene. It is an exploratory research considering the limited data and research about the genetic, especially the COX2 of Sumatran elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus). Forward and reverse sequencing of PCR products was conducted using the primary COX2 from Sumatran elephant samples. The results of the subsequent gene sequencing were aligned with the sequences of other Asian elephants from Genbank using Clustal W software and analyzed using the MEGA program version 6.06. The analysis of genetic distance based on COX2 constituent nucleotides calculated with Kimura’s two-parameter method showed that the genetic distance between Elephas maximus sumatranus and Elephas maximus outside of Sumatra was 0.25%. The phylogenetic trees analyzed using the maximum-likelihood based on nucleotide sequences showed a high homogeneity. The ratio of Elephas maximus sumatranus with Elephas maximus shows levels of nucleotide mutations which are nine nucleotides and four nucleotides. These results indicated that the COX2 gene could not identify the individual species of Sumatran elephant because of the high intraspecies homogeneity, but it detected the interspecies divergence clustered in Asian elephant clade.
The potential of Asystasia intrusa weed of Acanthaceae family as a cover crop in oil palm plantations Halus Satriawan; ZAHRUL FUADY; ERNAWITA ERNAWITA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 12 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d211230

Abstract

Abstract. Satriawan H, Fuady Z, Ernawita. 2020. The potential of Asystasia intrusa weed as a cover crop in oil palm plantations. Biodiversitas 21: 5711-5718. Weeds generally found in oil palm plantations, one of which is dominant is Asystasia intrusa. This weed has begun to be used as a cover crop on oil palm land because it is assumed to have a beneficial effect. The purpose of this research is to explore the potential of Asystasia intrusa in growing as a cover crop on oil palm plantations. The experimental arrangement used was split-plot design. Oil palm plan’s ages were used as the main plot, while the spacing plant (Asystasia intrusa) as the subplots. Experiments were done in triplicate. The results showed that Asystasia intrusa has the potential to be used as a cover crop in oil palm plantations, since it meets several requirements, such as quickly covering the land (12 WAP), fast decomposing (30-60 days), tolerance to shade. This was indicated by the growth percentage of 97.56%, containing nutrients N (1.65-1.77%), P (0.29%), and K (4.6-4.97%), as biomass (0.9 t C/ha/year) and soil carbon stocks (39.52-41.16 t/ha/year). The studied weed also has the ability to increase soil carbon stock up to 119%.
Cryopreservation of Indonesian native chicken semen by using dimethyl sulfoxide and various level of ethylene glycol as cryoprotectants KHAERUDDIN KHAERUDDIN; JUNAEDI JUNAEDI; HASTUTI HASTUTI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 12 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d211231

Abstract

Abstract. Khaeruddin, Junaedi, Hastuti. 2020. Cryopreservation of Indonesian native chicken semen by using dimethyl sulfoxide and various level of ethylene glycol as cryoprotectants. Biodiversitas 21: 5718-5722. Imported purebred chickens are becoming more popular and a regular staple in Indonesia. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen conservation efforts to preserve Indonesian chickens, one of which is by means of sperm cryopreservation. This study aimed to determine the effects of the addition of DMSO and different concentrations of ethylene glycol to a Ringer’s lactate egg yolk (RLY)-or coconut water egg yolk (CWY)-based extender on the quality of frozen-thawed Indonesian chicken sperm. This study was used nine Indonesian native roosters about 20 months of age. The semen extenders used in this study were RLY + DMSO 7%, RLY + ethylene glycol 3%, RLY + ethylene glycol 5%, RLY + ethylene glycol 7%, CWY + DMSO 7%, CWY + ethylene glycol 3%, CWY + ethylene glycol 5% and CWY + ethylene glycol 7%. Liquid semen was packaged in 0.25 mL straw, then cooled at 5oC for 2 hours, frozen at 5 cm above liquid nitrogen for 10 minutes, following stored in a liquid nitrogen container for 24 hours. The semen straws were thawed at 37oC for 30 seconds. Statistical analysis for multiple comparisons was performed as a completely randomized design with eight treatment levels and seven replications. The results showed that there were no differences in sperm motility, recovery rate, and abnormality between extenders after the freeze-thaw process. Whereas, RLY + DMSO 7% was the highest sperm viability.
Acclimating leaf celery plant (Apium graveolens) via bottom wet culture for increasing its adaptability to tropical riparian wetland ecosystem Benyamin Lakitan; KARTIKA KARTIKA; SUSILAWATI SUSILAWATI; ANDI WIJAYA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 1 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220139

Abstract

Abstract. Lakitan B, Kartika, Susilawati, Wijaya A. 2021. Acclimating leaf celery plant (Apium graveolens) via bottom wet culture to increase its adaptability to the tropical riparian wetland ecosystem. Biodiversitas 22: 320-328. Bottom-wet culture was set up for acclimating leaf celery plant prior to cultivation at shallow water table conditions. The aim of this research was to evaluate adaptability of leaf celery plants to riparian wetland ecosystem. Leaf celery was selected as potential candidate since natural habitat of its wild relatives is marshlands. Shading at 0%, 20%, and 60% was applied to reduced tropical sunlight intensity. Results of this study indicated that soil moisture was significantly increased in plants exposed to 60% shading, but leaf SPAD value was not significantly affected. Leaf celery is a perennial vegetable that can be frequently harvested. Weekly harvesting was rewarded with optimum yield and good quality leaves, i.e. high SPAD value (45.73 to 51.89). Delaying harvest to 3 weeks increased total yield but 52.12% of the harvested leaves were non-marketable. Mother plant of leaf celery produced suckers, but number of suckers only moderately correlated with yield (R2 = 0.56). Plants exposed to 60% shading produced significantly less suckers (9.00) than those exposed to full sunlight (12.46) and 20% shading (12.88) Use of zero intercept linear regression model, with length of leaf midrib (LLM) x leaf wingspan (LWS) as predictor, resulted in a geometrically based and accurate leaf area estimation model (LA = 0.3431(LLM x LWS); R2 = 0.87) for compound leaves of leaf celery plant. In conclusion, the most crucial factor in optimizing quantity and quality of yield was weekly harvesting focusing on marketable-size leaves.
Population density, geographical distribution and habitat of Talaud bear cuscus (Ailurops melanotis Thomas, 1898) Terri Repi; BURHANUDDIN MASY’UD; ABDUL HARIS MUSTARI; LILIK BUDI PRASETYO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 12 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d211207

Abstract

Abstract. Repi T, Masy’ud B, Mustari AH, Prasetyo LB. 2020. Population density, geographical distribution and habitat of Talaud bear cuscus (Ailurops melanotis Thomas, 1898). Biodiversitas 21: 5621-5631. The Talaud bear cuscus (Ailurops melanotis) has been reported from Sangihe (the largest island in the Sangihe Island group) and Salibabu (within the Talaud Islands). As an endemic species of Indonesia, this species is rare and there is no certainty regarding its precise geographic distribution or population size. This research aimed to estimate population density and provide the first preliminary data on its geographical distribution, as well as general description of its habitat. Our research shows that A. melanotis occurs on three islands: Salibabu Island, Nusa Island, and Bukide Island, and probably also exists in the Sahandaruman mountain on Sangihe Island. Our population surveys estimate, population density on each island as: Salibabu: 3.69 ± 2.54 ind/km2, with an estimated total population of 28.95 individuals, Nusa Island: was 12.31 ± 2.58 ind/km2, with an estimated population of 19.08 individuals, and Bukide Island: 7.17 ± 1.79/km2, with an estimated population of 10.40 individuals. Information regarding population is a key guiding factor in conservation efforts, where population size is related to extinction risk (threat status) and its geographical distribution, this can help to determine conservation priorities for species or habitats.
Morphological diversity and heritability of nine local sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) genotypes in East Java, Indonesia Maftuchah MAFTUCHAH; LIA FEBRIANA; Sulistyawati SULISTYAWATI; Helvi Ardana Reswari; Erfan Dani Septia
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 3 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220330

Abstract

Abstract. Maftuchah, Febriana L, Sulistyawati, Reswari HA, Septia ED. 2021. Morphological diversity and heritability of nine local sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) genotypes in East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 1310-1316. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is an essential food crop after wheat, rice, maize, and barley. It has wide adaptability to various environmental conditions, including can be grown on marginal lands, so that it is potential to be developed as cheap source of carbohydrates. The present study obtain information about the morphological diversity and heritability values ??of local sorghum genotypes that occurred in East Java Province, Indonesia. The research was conducted in Purutrejo village, Pasuruan city using nine local genotypes, namely Jombang (SG-JBG), Tuban (SG-TBN), Pasuruan (GB-PSR), Lamongan 1 (SG-LMG 1), Lamongan 2 (SG-LMG 2), Sampang 1 (SG-SPG 1), Sampang 2 (SG-SPG 2), Tulungagung 1 (SG-TLG 1) and Tulungagung 2 (SG-TLG 2). The results showed that the genotype of SG-SPG 2 produced the longest panicles, while the SG-LMG 2 had the highest seed dry weight per panicle and highest number of seeds per panicle (117.34 gram/panicle dry weight and 4581.80 seeds/panicle). The genotype of SG-TLG 2 produced the largest weight of seeds, either in fresh seed (41.43 g/1000 seeds) or dry seed (31.96 g/1000 seeds). Of the nine genotypes tested, the flowering ages ranged from 42 to 53 days after planting, and the harvest ages ranged from 70 to 91 days after planting with the fastest harvest age was achieved by SG-TLG 2 The entire value of the phenotype variety on each variable was more significant than the value of the genotype range. Heritability test results show that all experimental parameters exceed 0.5 so that it is categorized as high heritability. In general, the SG-TLG 2 genotype had the most chance to be developed, because it produced the highest seed weight, both fresh seeds (41.43 g/1000 seeds) and dry seeds (31.96 g/1000 seeds). Besides, the SG-TLG shows the fastest harvest age (70 days after planting).
Distribution and abundance of aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria in the tropical coastal waters of Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Victor Aprilyanto; Langkah Sembiring; Tjut Sugandawaty Djohan
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 11 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d211159

Abstract

Abstract. Aprilyanto V, Sembiring L, Djohan TS. 2020. Distribution and abundance of aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria in the tropical coastal waters of Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 5506-5513. Aerobic anoxygenic phototroph (AAP) is a community of bacteria capable of performing anoxygenic photosynthesis in the presence of oxygen. AAP abundance in most oceanic regions signals its ecological importance in marine microbial loop. This study was conducted to reveal the distribution and abundance of AAP in Siung coast, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Total bacterioplankton and AAP were enumerated using acridine orange direct count (AODC) and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR), respectively. Several water physicochemical parameters as well as dissolved nitrate, ammonium, phosphate, and sulfate were also measured. The results showed that total bacterioplankton was distributed thoroughly in the water column with abundance ranging from 2.5×104 to 3.5×104 cells/mL. Within this total bacterioplankton, AAP ranged from 3.83×102 –7.48×102 cells/mL, comprising about 1% to ~2.5%. Inorganic nutrient concentration, mainly nitrate and phosphate were thought to be the regulating factors to the distribution and abundance of both communities. In conclusion, AAP comprises a relatively low portion of the total bacterioplankton community in the tropical coastal water in Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta.
Yield performance of several peanut cultivars grown in dryland with semi-arid climate in Sumba Timur, Indonesia Agustina Asri Rahmianna; Andy Wijanarko; Joko Purnomo; Yuliantoro Baliadi
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 12 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d211235

Abstract

Abstract. Rahmianna A, Wijanarko A, Purnomo J, Baliadi Y. 2020. Yield performance of several peanut cultivars grown in dryland with semi-arid climate in Sumba Timur, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 5747-5757.  Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is the fourth major food crops in Indonesia after rice, maize, and soybean. The seeds contain oil, protein, and carbohydrate which are beneficial to human health. Despite its health benefit, farmers sell all pods for cash. The dryland areas with semi-arid climates, where there is only one growing season, are the potential areas for peanut cultivation. The experiment was conducted to assess the performance of improved cultivars grown in dryland with low rainfall at Sumba Timur District of East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia during February-May 2017. Ten improved peanut cultivars and one local cultivar were grown in two sites: Laipori and Palakahembi Villages. A randomized block design with three replicates was applied in each site. The treatment was peanut cultivar, i.e., Local Sandel, Bison, Gajah, Hypoma 1, Hypoma 2, Kancil, Kelinci, Takar 1, Talam 1, Talam 2, and Tuban that belonged to Spanish type except Kelinci that was a Valencia type. A 100 kg ha-1 of composite NPK fertilizer was applied at sowing time, and the water source was merely from rainfall. Captan fungicide was applied as seed treatment, and Deltamethrin insecticide were applied two times during the growing period. The results indicated that the improved cultivars performed better than the local cultivar, i.e., their pod yields were 1.75-2.57 times higher than that of Local Sandel. Hypoma 1 cultivar gave the highest yield with 2.313 t ha-1 of dry pod yields or 257% higher than that of Local Sandel. In addition to high pod yield production, Hypoma 1 also produced 6.1 t ha-1 fresh haulms, and those of improved cultivars were 5.3-7.2 t ha-1. In summary, the improved cultivars, especially Hypoma 1 is highly recommended for cultivation by the farmers in Sumba Timur because of their high pod yields and organic matter content in soils after the plants harvested.

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