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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Prey species and prey selection of dholes at three different sites in Thailand KHWANRUTAI CHARASPET; ronglarp - sukmasuang; NORASET KHOEWSREE; MANANYA PLA-ARD; YUWALUK CHANACHAI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 11 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d211128

Abstract

Abstract. Charaspet K, Sukmasuang R, Khoewsree N, Pla-ard M, Chanachai Y. 2020. Prey species and prey selection of dholes at three different sites in Thailand. Biodiversitas 21: 5248-5262. The study of prey species and prey selection of Dholes at 3 different sites was conducted at Khao Yai National Park, Salak Pra, and Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuaries from 2013 to 2020. Information on Dhole prey at the sites was collected from the residues of dhole scats, from which the selection index, the relative biomass of the prey, and the relative amounts of the consumed prey were calculated. The data were collected simultaneously with the use of camera traps at each site. The study revealed that there were 13 species of Dhole prey with body weight over 5 kg. The result indicated that there were 7 species of even-toed ungulates. The relative biomass of even-toed ungulates ranged between 76.78 - 90.50% of the total biomass of all the Dholes’ consumed prey for all study sites. The dietary diversity index unveiled a similar index in all areas, which proved the adequacy of the analyzed scats. However, the Niche breadth index, which indicates the relevance of prey selection and prey species to the appearances of the prey at each site, was found to be high at Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Khao Yai National Park, while the index was found to be low at Salak Pra Wildlife Sanctuary. The results revealed that Dholes consumed viverrid species and Malayan porcupine more often at the site where there were large carnivores. The recommendation from this study was the conservation and restoration of the ungulate populations, the main prey, as it greatly affects the conservation of the Dhole populations in Thailand.  Grassland and salt lick sites, water sources improvements are also important to promote prey population. The conservation of wildlife prey by releasing them to nature, as currently conducted, has an effect on the increase of Dholes’ prey species.
Documentation of ritual plants used among the Aceh tribe in Peureulak, East Aceh District, Indonesia Imam Hadi Sutrisno; BACHTIAR AKOB; ZIDNI ILMAN NAVIA; NURAINI NURAINI; ADI BEJO SUWARDI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 11 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d211102

Abstract

Abstract. Sutrisno IH, Akob B, Navia ZI, Nuraini, Suwardi AB. 2020. Documentation of ritual plants used among the Aceh tribe in Peureulak sub-district, East Aceh, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 4990-4998. Traditional ceremonies as part of human cultural products at a practical level cannot be separated from the use of natural resources, mainly plants. Concerning the use of plants in traditional ceremonies, the knowledge and use of plants by the community are decreasing. This study aims to document the ritual plants used by the Aceh tribe in the East Aceh district of Indonesia. The study was conducted in Peureulak sub-districts, East Aceh district, Indonesia. A field survey was involved 125 respondents were selected using random sampling. The interview used a questionnaire including plant species, vernacular names, uses, parts use, and ritual tradition. A total of 51 ritual plant species consisting of 47 genera and 34 families was used as ritual ceremonies in the study area. Ninety-two percent were cultivated and 8% were found to be growing wild. Most of the plants used for wedding ceremonies (18 species), followed by birth ceremonies (8 species), funeral ceremonies (5 species), and pregnancy ceremony (3 species). Socio-cultural aspects can be considered as being used for the conservation of ritual plants in the East Aceh region.
Characterization of BSL6 isolates isolated from honeybee hive and to determine its antibacterial activity Lenni Fitri; YEKKI YASMIN; FAUZIAH FAUZIAH; DWI ANDRI SEPTIANI; SUHARTONO SUHARTONO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 10 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d211052

Abstract

Abstract. Fitri L, Yasmin Y, Fauziah, Septiani DA, Suhartono. 2020. Characterization of BSL6 isolates isolated from honeybee hive and to determine its antibacterial activity. Biodiversitas 21: 4859-4865. This study was aimed to characterize BSL6 isolate of bacteria isolated from honeybee hive, and to determine its antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. In addition, the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) value of BSL6 isolate was determined against S. aureus, and content of secondary metabolic compounds was also determined.  Characterization was conducted in this study on the basis of morphological observations, physiological tests, and 16S rDNA. The method used in determining MIC value was completely randomized design (CRD) then analyzed by ANOVA test using SPSS application and followed by Tukey test. The analysis conducted to determine the content of secondary metabolites was descriptive type. The results showed that BSL6 isolate morphologically and physiologically belonged to the genus Bacillus, and 16S rDNA test results showed that the isolate had the highest similarity with Bacillus siamensis strain 64X-5. BSL6 isolate was able to inhibit the growth of S. aureus with inhibition zone diameter of 17.87 mm. MIC value of BSL6 against S. aureus was at a concentration of 12.5%. The content of secondary metabolite compounds from BSL6 extract was saponins.
Wolbachia infection prevalence as common insects’ endosymbiont in the rural area of Yogyakarta, Indonesia Dian Aruni Kumalawati; Endah Supriyati; Mifta Pratiwi Rachman; Rizky Oktriani; Irianti Kurniasari; Damiana Sapta Candrasari; Lisna Hidayati; Anastasia Evi Handayaningsih; Viera Cristalia Probowati; Budi Arianto; Dwi Satria Wardana; Nida Budiwati Pramuko; Adi Utarini; Warsito Tantowijoyo; Eggi Arguni
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 12 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d211216

Abstract

Abstract. Kumalawati DA, Supriyati E, Rachman MP. Oktriani R, Kurniasari I, Candrasari DS, Hidayati L, Handayaningsih AE, Probowati VC, Arianto B, Wardana DS, Pramuko NB, Utari A, Tantowijoyo W, Arguni E. 2020. Wolbachia infection prevalence as common insects’ endosymbiont in the rural area of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 5608-5614. Control for mosquito-borne diseases such as dengue and chikungunya using vectors is urgently required. The World Mosquito Program, a multinational collaborative research program, is currently studying for the ability of Wolbachia-infected Aedes aegypti to control dengue. Community concerns on Wolbachia's natural existence in their surrounding living area. This study presents the field study of Wolbachia pipientis in insects commonly found in rural daily life. W. pipientis is an endosymbiotic bacterium commonly found in arthropods. Insects were collected from five villages in Sleman and Bantul District, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia, from July to December 2012 and screened for Wolbachia infection using PCR. One hundred insects, including butterflies, moths, mosquitoes, flies, were collected. The results indicated that 44.9% of identified insect species were positive for Wolbachia pipientis, which support the existing data from other regions on the spread of Wolbachia infection in insects.
Short Communication: Species composition and diversity of vegetation in dryland agricultural landscape Ida Ardiyaningrum; MARIA THERESIA SRI BUDIASTUTI; KOMARIAH KOMARIAH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 1 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220109

Abstract

Abstract. Ardiyaningrum I, Budiastuti MTS, Komariah. 2021. Short Communication: Species composition and diversity of vegetation in dryland agricultural landscape. Biodiversitas 22: 65-71. Drylands are a part of the terrestrial ecosystems with a relatively larger area compared to wetlands. Selo has dryland with steep slopes and high rainfall, resulting in relatively high soil erosion. The land use in this sub-district is dominated by plantations and agriculture, with conditions that have not been fully balanced by trees as a means of controlling erosion and supporting vegetation diversity. Therefore, studies on biodiversity are important as an indicator of dryland sustainability, especially in terms of soil and water conservations. This research aimed to study the species composition and diversity of vegetation in the dryland agricultural landscape in Selo Sub-district, Boyolali District, Central Java Province, Indonesia. Vegetation analysis was performed by using the quadratic sampling technique for tree category, pole category, sapling category, and seedling categories. The results indicated that Fabaceae had the highest number of species. Tree species with the highest Importance Value Index were Toona sureni, Artocarpus heterophyllus, and Casuarina junghuhniana, respectively. The Shanon-Wiener Diversity Index showed that the vegetation at tree, pole, and sapling stages had a moderate diversity, and seedling-stage vegetation had a low diversity.
Genetic variability of Begonia longifolia Blume from Indonesia based on Nuclear DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence data Wahyu Dewi Astuti Ningrum; Muhammad Bima Atmaja; Budi Setiadi Daryono; Purnomo PURNOMO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 12 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d211239

Abstract

Abstract.Ningrum WDA, Atmaja MB, Daryono BS, Purnomo. 2020. Genetic variability of Begonia longifolia Blume from Indonesia based on Nuclear DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence data. Biodiversitas 21: 5778-5785. Begonia longifolia Blume is a member of the Begoniaceae family which has the widest distribution in Asia including Indonesia. Diversity studies on B.longifolia from Indonesia were mainly based on morphological characters. The genetic diversity analysis of this pantropical species in Indonesia has never been reported yet. This research aimed to study genetic variability of B. longifolia in Indonesia based on nuclear DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence data. Twelve living specimens were from Sumatra (Lampung), Java (Sukabumi, Purwokerto), Bali (Buleleng, Gianyar, Jembrana, Tabanan), and Lombok. The 831-839 length sequence was aligned using Mesquite software. Reconstruction of the phylogenetic tree was done by MEGA7 software using Neighbor-Joining method with Kimura-2-Parameter. The 827 fixed sites showed a genetic distance ranged from 0 to 1.6%. Among the 827 sites compared, 802 sites were invariable, 19 sites were variable (11 singleton variable sites and 8 parsimony informative sites) and 6 sites were gaps. The phylogenetic tree showed 1 clade and 6 sub-clades. Specimens from Sumatra and Java formed a single sub-clade, separate with five sub-clades from Bali. Specimen from Lombok belong to one of the sub-clades of the Bali specimens. All specimens can be divided into 2 groups: Sumatra-Java and Bali-Lombok group.
Level of lead contamination in the blood of Bali cattle associated with their age and geographical location I Ketut Berata; Ni Nyoman Werdi Susari; I Wayan Sudira; Kadek Karang Agustina
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 1 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220104

Abstract

Abstract. Berata IK, Susari NNW, Sudira IW, Agustina KK. 2021. Level of lead contamination in the blood of Bali cattle associated with their age and geographical location. Biodiversitas 22: 23-29. Lead contamination is increasingly common and endangers human as well as animal health. Cattle, which is a source of protein for humans, are very sensitive to lead exposure in a polluted environment. Therefore, this study aims to determine the level of lead contamination in the blood of Bali cattle related to their geographical location and age. A total of 300 cattle was drawn as the research sample, consisting of 150 each from the low and the highland. Each comprises of 50 young (<2 years old), 50 at puberty (2-3 years old), and 50 old cattle (>3 years old). The blood sample was taken from their jugular vein and collected in tubes containing ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) as anticoagulants. The lead content was measured using the atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) method. The results showed average data for the lowlands, which include 0.430 ± 0.411 ppm, 0.792 ± 0.356 ppm, and 1.234 ± 0.533 ppm for young, puberty, and old, respectively. The highlands include 0.047 ± 0.074 ppm, 0.057 ± 0.061 ppm, and 0.089 ± 0.169 ppm for young, puberty, and old, respectively. Furthermore, the ANOVA showed a significantly higher (P<0.05) lead level in the blood of lowlands cattle than the highlands. We also found that in the lowlands, the lead level increased significantly (P<0.05) with the cattle's age, while the highlands show no difference. Based on the results, it is concluded that cattle in the lowlands are more exposed to lead than cattle in the highlands. Also, the increase in the blood lead level associated with age occurs only in cattle of the lowlands.
Chemical composition and rumen fermentation profile of mangrove leaves (Avicennia marina) from West Sumatra, Indonesia Novirman Jamarun; Roni Pazla; Arief ARIEF; Anuraga Jayanegara; Gusri Yanti
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 11 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d211126

Abstract

Abstract. Jamarun N, Pazla R, Arief, Jayanegara A, Yanti G. 2020. Chemical composition and rumen fermentation profile of mangrove leaves (Avicennia marina) from West Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 5230-5236. This study aimed to determine the potential of mangrove leaves of Avicennia marina for ruminant animal feed. Laboratory tests were carried out on A. marina with three replicates. Parameters measured were proximate and fiber contents, rumen fluid profile (pH, NH3 and VFA), digestibility of nutrients (DM, Ash, CP, CF, NDF, ADF, cellulose, and hemicellulose), macro and micro mineral contents, and phytochemical compounds. The results showed the nutritional content of A. marina were CP 13.37%; Ash 7.17%; lignin 7.34%; TDN 79%, rumen fluid profile is in reasonable condition, digestibility of food substances is more than 50%, rich in macro and micro minerals and contains phytochemical compounds such as phenols, steroids, triterpenoids, and tannins. Macro and micro minerals content of Ca 0.38%, Na 0.20%, Mg 0.20%, K 0.48%, P 0.51%, S 0.01%, Cl 1.03%, Fe 388 ppm, Zn 164 ppm, Mn 211 ppm, and Cu 128 ppm. This research concludes that A. marina is very potential to be used as a ruminant animal feed.
Growth, mortality and exploitation rate of Pampus argenteus, Parastromateus niger and Scomberomorus commerson in Sebatik Waters, Indonesia Gazali Salim; NURUL ATIEQAH; KUN RETNO HANDAYANI; AGUS INDARJO; JULIAN RANSANGAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 11 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d211142

Abstract

Abstract. Salim G, Handayani KR, Indarjo A, Ransangan J, Atieqah N. 2020. Growth, mortality and exploitation rate of Pampus argenteus, Parastromateus niger and Scomberomorus commerson in Sebatik Waters, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 5363-5372. The economic revenue of the local government of the Indonesian Sebatik Island relies much on the exploitation of its rich marine biodiversity. One of the important economic activities is the capture fisheries of commercially important fishes such as the white pomfret (Pampus argenteus) and black pomfret (Parastromateus niger), and mackerel fish (Scomberomorus commerson). The current study aims to estimate the growth, condition factor, and exploitation rate of the fish species for developing sustainable fishery management. Fish samplings were conducted in the Sebatik Waters, Nunukan District, North Kalimantan Province, Indonesia from June to July 2020. The fish were caught using gillnet at daytime (pomfrets) and nighttime (mackerel), respectively. Then, 82, 73, and 83 specimens of white pomfret, black pomfret, and mackerel were randomly selected for the length-weight relationship, condition factor, and exploitation rate analysis, respectively. The results revealed that the size distribution of the white pomfret population in the coastal waters of Sebatik Island ranged from 220.0 to 351.0 mm, black pomfret ranged from 231.0 to 362.0 mm and mackerel, ranged from 242.0 to 432.0 mm. All the fish species exhibited negative allometric (b<3) weight and length relationship with moderate to strong correlation. About 50% and 53.42% of the white pomfrets and black pomfrets were characterized by thin body shape. However, 49.40% of the mackerels were characterized by fat body shape. The asymptotic length (L?) for white pomfrets was recorded at 359.133 mm; k value of 0.0427 mm/year with r-value of 0.9918 and the t0 value of 1.11/year. For black pomfret, the L? was estimated at 370.22 mm; k value of 0.043 mm/year with r-value at 0.9919 and the t0 value of 1.104/year. For mackerel, the L? value was estimated at 492.724 mm, k-value of 0.0246 mm/year with r-value of 0.9634, and the t0 value of 1.322/year. The total mortality, fishing mortality and natural mortality (Z, F, and N, respectively) and exploitation rate (E) for white fish were recorded at 113.76%, 80.58%, 33.18%, and 70.83%, respectively. For black pomfret, it recorded 113.15% (Z), 79.97% (F), 32.75% (N) and 70.67% (E). For mackerel, it recorded 109.87% (Z), 66.29% (F), 43.58% (N) and 60.33% (E). The high exploitation rate (>50%) and fishing mortality (>60%) of all the fish species analyzed in this study indicate that there is a sign of overfishing to these fish resources in the coastal waters of Sebatik island. Hence, sustainable fishing management is timely needed to prevent depletion of these important fishery resources. Such management can include fishing restrictions for small-sized and first mature fish, close fishing season, and strict requirement for fishing permits.
Flora of Danau Dusun Besar conservation forest in Bengkulu Province, Indonesia WIRYONO WIRYONO; Rohidin Mersyah; Mariska Tarantona
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 12 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d211209

Abstract

Abstract. Wiryono Mersyah R, Tarantona M. 2020. Flora of Danau Dusun Besar conservation forest in Bengkulu Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 5640-5649. Few studies on flora of freshwater swamp forest in Sumatra have been published and accessible online. This study aimed to assess the composition and diversity of plant species and to describe the dominant species in conservation forest of Danau Dusun Besar Nature Reserve and Nature Tourism Park in Bengkulu which consists mostly of freshwater swamp forests and a lake. Data collection was done using a combination of quantitative methods with systematic plots and qualitative methods through observation. The quantitative data were analyzed to determine indexes of diversity, evenness and importance value. This study recorded 23 species of trees with diversity index (H?) and evenness index (E) of 0.29 and 0.09, respectively, and recorded 136 species of shrubs and herbs with H? and E values of 3.68 and 0.75, respectively. The most dominant species of trees was Alstonia spatulata, of shrubs and herbs Stenochlaena palustris. The small diameter class of trees and the covering of trees with climbers indicated that the large trees had been cut. We recommend further studies with more and better-located plots to get better data on the vegetation composition and structure, including the invasion of alien species Ludwigia peruviana and the effect of climbers on trees.

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