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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Carbon stock estimation of mangrove forest in Sulaman Lake Forest Reserve, Sabah, Malaysia Normah Awang Besar; NURUL SYAKILAH SUHAILI; JIM LIEW JUN FEI; FAUZAN WAJDI SHA’ARI; MUHAMMAD IZZUDDIN IDRIS; SYAHRIR MHD HATTA; JULIUS KODOH; NORMAH AWANG BESAR
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 12 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d211223

Abstract

Abstract. Besar NA, Suhaili NS, Fei JLJ, Sha’ari FW, Idris MI, Hatta SH, Kodoh J. 2020. Carbon stock estimation of Sulaman Lake Forest Reserve in Sabah, Malaysia. Biodiversitas 21: 5657-5664. Mangrove forest has a significant role in sequestering carbon gases from the atmosphere but there are lesser literature has been made on it. This research was conducted to quantify the aboveground, belowground and soil carbon stock in Sulaman Lake Forest Reserve, Sabah, Malaysia. Nine transect lines with 125 m length were established and a circle with 7 m radius was set in every 25 m. Forest inventory was done to get the diameter breast height of standing trees and soil sampling with four different depths (0-15 cm, 15-30 cm, 30-50 cm and 50-100 cm) were taken for soil analysis and bulk density. Allometric equation was used to calculate aboveground and belowground biomass then its carbon stock was estimated as 50% from its total biomass. The result shows the total carbon stock in the study area was 441.72 Mg C ha-1, and soil has the highest value of carbon stock (351.98 ± 11.73 Mg C ha-1) followed by aboveground carbon (67.30 ± 20.55 Mg C ha-1) and belowground carbon (22.44 ± 0.17 Mg C ha-1). This study found that soil carbon stock made up almost 80% of the total carbon stock in the mangrove forest. This ecosystem also shows a higher value of carbon stock compared to other locations hence emphasized the importance of prioritizing a mangrove forest in any climate mitigation efforts.
Forest cover changes in Indonesia’s terrestrial national parks between 2012 and 2017 Asri Dwiyahreni; Habiburrachman A.H. Fuad; SUNARYO Sunaryo; TRI EDHI BUDHI Soesilo; Chris Margules; Jatna Supriatna
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 3 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220320

Abstract

Tropical rainforests are among the most important ecosystems on earth. After Brazil, Indonesia has the second largest tropical forest area in the world. Since the 1970s, Indonesia’s forests have decreased from covering 87% to 50% of its land area. With the ever increasing pressures from economic and human development it appears likely that much of the biodiversity and ecosystem services provided by forest in Indonesia will only remain in conservation areas.  National parks currently cover around 60% or 16 Mha of the total area of protected areas in Indonesia. Between 2012 and 2017, 42 terrestrial national parks in Indonesia lost 1.07% of their total forest cover. However, primary forest cover increased by 0.07%. National parks in the Jawa Bali bioregion, through their natural mountainous conditions and ecosystem services to the surrounding areas, as well as better management inputs, have contributed to the increase of primary forest covers and keeping total forest loss relatively low in Indonesia’s national parks.
Procruste analysis of forewing shape in two endemic honeybee subspecies Apis mellifera intermissa and A. m. sahariensis from the Northwest of Algeria Fouzia Abed; Benabdellah Bachir-Bouiadjra; Lahouari Dahloum; Abdulmojeed Yakubu; Ahmed Haddad; Abdelkader Homrani
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 1 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220121

Abstract

Abstract. Abed F, Bachir-Bouiadjra B, Dahloum L, Yakubu A, Haddad A, Homrani A. 2021. Procruste analysis of forewing shape in two endemic honeybee subspecies Apis mellifera intermissa and A. m. sahariensis from the Northwest of Algeria. Biodiversitas 22: 154-164. Honey bees play an important role as pollinators of many crops. Thus they are collectively considered as a veritable economic source. The present study was undertaken to describe variation in the right forewing geometry in two Algerian honeybee subspecies Apis mellifera intermissa and Apis mellifera sahariensis using landmark-based geometric morphometrics. A total of 1286 honeybees were sampled from 12 provinces in the northwest of Algeria. The forewing geometry was evaluated using 20 homologous landmarks by applying Procrustes superimposition analysis. The top four principal components accounted for only 41.1% of wing shape variation between the two subspecies. There was a significant difference in wing shape between the two subspecies (Mahalanobis distance = 1.0626 ; P<0.001), whereas their wing size seemed similar (P>0.05). Regarding the allometric effect, the percentage of variation in wing shape explained by size changes was relatively small, with 1.28% and 4.37% for A. m. intermissa and A.m sahariensis, respectively. The cross-validation procedure correctly classified 68.3% of specimens into their original groups. PERMANOVA test revealed significant differences in the right forewing shape among all geographic areas studied (P<0.001). The results clearly showed that the landmark-based geometric approach applied to forewings venation is a powerful and reliable tool in the discrimination of native honey bee subspecies and should be considered in local honey bee biodiversity improvement and conservation initiatives.
Identification of antagonistic Streptomyces strains isolated from Algerian Saharan soils and their plant growth promoting properties Lamia AOUAR; INAS BOUKELLOUL; ABDERRAHMANE BENADJILA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 12 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d211212

Abstract

Abstract. Aouar L, Boukelloul I, Benadjila A. 2020. Identification of antagonistic Streptomyces strains isolated from Algerian Saharan soils and their plant growth promoting properties. Biodiversitas 21: 5672-5683. To produce new bioactive substances of agricultural interest, extreme ecosystems can be a source of unexplored microorganisms. Accordingly, in this study, twenty-two actinobacteria strains were obtained from rhizospheric arid soils of palm groves collected from Biskra and El Oued in the Algerian Sahara. All isolates were examined for the in vitro antifungal potential towards phytopathogenic fungi: Aspergillus flavus, Verticillium dahlia, Rhizoctonia solani, Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium oxysporum as well as for their antibacterial property toward phytopathogenic bacteria: Streptomyces scabiei, Pectobacterium carotovorum and Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The three isolates (13%) that inhibited at least five pathogens were then selected, identified and assessed for their attributes to produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and siderophores, to solubilize phosphate, and to antagonize Streptomyces scabiei in vivo. According to phylogenetic analysis performed with 16S rDNA sequence, chemotaxonomy and phenotypic characteristics, the strain SO1, which inhibited all tested pathogens, was assigned to Streptomyces flaveus. While, strains SO2 and SB1 were affiliated to Streptomyces enissocaesilis and Streptomyces albidoflavus, respectively. All strains produced IAA but only SO1 and SB1 were able to elaborate siderophores catecholate-type. Two strains SO1 and SO2 exhibited a capacity to solubilize phosphate and SO1 was able to suppress the pathogenic effect of Streptomyces scabiei on radish seedlings. The findings indicate that SO1 strain may reveal the potential for use as a biocontrol agent and plant growth promoter.
Bird community structure as a function of habitat heterogeneity: A case of Mardi Himal, Central Nepal Naresh Pandey; Laxman Khanal; Neeti Chapagain; K. Deepak Singh; Bishnu Prasad Bhattarai; Mukesh Kumar Chalise
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 1 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220132

Abstract

Abstract. Pandey N, Khanal L, Chapagain N, Singh KD, Bhattarai BP, Chalise MK. 2021. Bird community structure as a function of habitat heterogeneity: A case of Mardi Himal, Central Nepal. Biodiversitas 22: 262-271. Community structure of birds at different habitat types is underexplored in the montane environment of the central Himalaya. Therefore, this study explored bird community structure in different habitat types in Mardi Himal of the Annapurna Conservation Area, central Nepal, and tested association of different feeding guilds with the habitats. Data on the avian richness and abundance were collected in the winter and the summer of 2019 by point count method along the elevational gradient in every 100 m rise and analyzed using ordination methods. A total of 673 individuals of 112 bird species from 35 families under 13 orders were recorded. Among the observed orders and families, the order Passeriformes (77 species) and family Muscicapidae (16 species) were the most dominant. A linear species accumulation curve was obtained in both seasons. Species richness and abundance were found higher at forest edges of mid-elevations and insectivores were the most abundant birds. Frugivorous and carnivorous birds showed no specific association with habitat types, whereas, insectivores and omnivores were more abundant in pastureland and forest, respectively. Our results revealed that the community composition of birds varies with the habitat types and their feeding specialization is one of the major determinants.
Short Communication: The detection of Plasmodium in mosquitoes from Sumba and Sorong districts, Indonesia MUNIRAH MUNIRAH; ISRA WAHID; FIRDAUS HAMID; Sitti Wahyuni
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 7 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220716

Abstract

Abstract. Munirah M, Wahid I, Hamid F, Wahyuni S. 2021. Short Communication: The detection of Plasmodium in mosquitoes from Sumba and Sorong districts, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 2680-2684. Malaria is heading for elimination in 2030, but the disease remains prevalent in Indonesia. Therefore, this study aimed to determine a vector other than Anopheles that is potentially responsible for malaria transmission in the country's endemic areas. The mosquitoes were trapped by Kelambu trap, collected using a mouth aspirator, and stored in a tube containing silica gel. They were also examined microscopically following O'Connor identification keys, and Nested PCR was used to detect Plasmodium DNA. The number of mosquitoes collected from two areas was 1.336. In Sumba (Gaura village) district, 493 mosquitoes were captured, and the dominant genus was Anopheles (58.6%), followed by Culex (31%), Armigeres (9.9%), Aedes (0.2%), and Lutzia (0.2%). Among 843 mosquitoes collected from Sorong (Aimas), Culex was 98.9%, followed by Aedes (0.8%) and Anopheles (0.2%). The result of nested PCR found two An. sundaicus from Sumba carried Plasmodium which belongs to P. falciparum and P. vivax species (0.14%). Although we did not detect the presence of Plasmodium in mosquitoes other than the genus Anopheles, in this study, we found Anopheles species that have never previously been reported from the area, namely An. bailey and An. barbirostris from Papua and An. nivipes in West Sumba.
Short Communication: Detection and expression analysis of the bile salt hydrolase gene in Pediococcus and Lactobacillus: Bile salt hydrolase gene Widodo Widodo; Nuratri Yana; Sukarno Ari Surya; Wahyuningsih Tutik Dwi
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 12 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d211255

Abstract

Abstract. Widodo, Nuratri Y, Sukarno AS, Ahyuningsih TD. 2020. Short Communication: Detection and expression analysis of the bile salt hydrolase gene in Pediococcus and Lactobacillus. Biodiversitas 21: 5901-5905. Bile salt hydrolase (BSH) has been considered an important enzyme that is produced in response to bile stress. The bsh gene reportedly encodes BSH in lactic acid bacteria. Thus, the aim of this study was to detect and measure the changes in bsh gene expression in Pediococcus pentosaceus M103, Lactobacillus casei AP, Lactobacillus casei AG, and Lactobacillus paracasei M104. A BSH primer was used in amplifying the bacterial genomic DNA, and the obtained amplicon was then sequenced and analyzed in order to detect genes homologous to bsh. Changes in expression levels were measured in three concentrations of bile salts: 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5% (w/v). The BSH primer produced amplicons 850 to 950 kb in length. Amino acid sequences from the amplicons were determined to be similar to the product sequence of BSH. The level of expression of the bsh gene was altered in every concentration of bile salts in the growth medium with bsh genes from P. pentosaceus M103 were induced by bile salts at concentrations of 0.1% and 0.3% (w/v). We conclude that P. pentosaceus M103 may make suitable probiotic candidates that can tolerate conjugated bile acids.
The activity budgets of captive orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) in two different Indonesian zoos Nurzaidah Putri Dalimunthe; Hadi Sukadi Alikodra; Entang Iskandar; Sri Suci Utami-Atmoko
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 4 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220438

Abstract

Abstract. Dalimunthe NP, Alikodra HS, Iskandar E, Atmoko SSU. 2021. The activity budgets of captive orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) in two different Indonesian zoos. Biodiversitas 22: 1912-1919. In nature, orangutans spent most of the activity budgets for foraging. It is presumed that orangutan in captivity carries out different activities. This study aimed to investigate the activity of Bornean Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) in different zoos with different types of cage according to their design, enrichments, and diets. It was conducted at two different Indonesian zoos, namely Ragunan Zoo (TMR) and Taman Safari Indonesia (TSI). The study used a total of 11 orangutans. From each zoo, orangutan individuals from each zoo and each age and sex class (adult male, adult female, and juvenile/juvenile) were used in the present study. The activity budgets were compared between age-sexual classes, cage types, and weekday-holiday categories. Environmental enrichment analysis was also used. The total observation time in this study for each individual was 4,500 minutes. The adult male had more resting activity than other groups, while the juvenile group showed a higher percentage of social, moving, and feeding activities. It was also observed that there were different activity budgets between individuals in a separate cage and week-holiday groups. Overall, it was assumed that the difference in orangutan activity budgets was influenced by cage types, individual arrangements, and environmental enrichment. Meanwhile, a juvenile showed a higher percentage of enrichment using. Enrichment was influenced by cage type and individual arrangement.
Organic control of Bemisia tabaci Genn. on Capsicum annuum with entomopathogenic fungi raw secondary metabolites Loekas Soesanto; Bisiril Fatihah; Abdul Manan; endang Mugiastuti; Nur Prihatiningsih
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 12 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d211240

Abstract

Abstract. Soesanto L, Fatihah B, Manan A, Mugiastuti E, Prihaningsih N. 2020. Organic control of Bemisia tabaci Genn. on Capsicum annuum with entomopathogenic fungi raw secondary metabolites. Biodiversitas 21: xxxx. Control of whitefly with entomopathogenic fungi raw secondary metabolites and their correlation was investigated under control condition. The in vitro test used randomize completely design consisted of five treatments (raw secondary metabolites of Beauveria bassiana B16 and B10, Metarhizium anisopliae M16, Lecanicillium lecanii L16, and no treatments) and repeated five times. The in planta one used Latin square design consisted of five treatments and repeated five times. Variables observed were the mortality of whitefly imago, chitinolytic index, incubation period, viral disease intensity, plant height and total leaves per plant. The results showed that all treatment of raw secondary metabolites of entomopathogenic fungi caused mortality in the B. tabaci imago by 77.8% (B. bassiana B16); 71.5% (B. bassiana B10); 66.7% (M. anisopliae M16); and 59.5% (L. lecanii L16). All raw secondary metabolites of entomopathogenic fungi reduce the intensity of viral diseases by 79.98% (B. bassiana B16); 74.00% (B. bassiana B10); 72.23% (L. lecanii L16); and 55.41% (M. anisopliae M16). The correlation between B. tabaci mortality due to raw secondary metabolites of entomopathogenic fungi with the viral disease intensity is very close and opposite. Every 1% increase in pest mortality causes decrease in viral intensity by 1.346%.
Short Communication: Antibacterial potential of Actinomycetes isolated from mangrove sediment in Tanjung Api-Api, South Sumatra, Indonesia ROZIRWAN Rozirwan; Hebbri Iskandar Muda; Tengku Zia Ulqodry
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 12 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d211232

Abstract

Abstract. Rozirwan, Muda HI, Ulqodry TZ. 2020. Short Communication: Antibacterial potential of Actinomycetes isolated from mangrove sediment in Tanjung Api-Api, South Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 5723-5728. Actinomycetes play an important role in the decomposition process of organic matter in mangrove sediments. This study was carried out to identify and evaluate the antagonistic activity of actinomycetes from mangrove sediment against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Identification of actinomycetes was performed based on morphological dan physiological characters. The antagonistic test was carried out against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. A total of ten isolates had been successfully isolated and grouped into eight genera, including; Oerskovia H1, Micrococcus H2, Nocardia H3, Sporichtya H5, Corynebacterium H6, Jonesia H7, Actinomyces H10, and Streptomyces H8, H11, H12. Actinomycetes from mangrove sediment were gram-positive bacillus. The shape of the colony varied from circular to filamentous and irregular, with medium and large colony sizes. The colony appears white or yellow. The surface is convex and flat, aerobes and facultative anaerobes; capable of fermenting glucose. Five isolates have very strong growth inhibition activity against E. coli: Nocardia H3 (27.81mm ± 1.39), Actinomycetes H10 (27.75mm ± 2.48), Corynebacterium H6 (27.69mm ± 2.39), Micrococcus H2 (18.55mm ± 2.44), and Streptomyces H8 (17.92mm ± 2.70) while Streptomyces H8 (24.83mm ± 2.08), and Actinomycetes H10 (16.06mm ± 2.49) were active against S. aureus.

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