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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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The role of bacterial symbionts in the biodegradation of chlorpyrifos in the digestive tract of Plutella xylostella larvae Mochammad Syamsul Hadi; ABDUL LATIEF ABADI; TOTO HIMAWAN; MASRURI MASRURI; SAFIRA RIZKA LESTARI; BAMBANG TRI RAHARDJO; LUQMAN QURATA AINI; YOGO SETIAWAN; HAGUS TARNO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 2 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220222

Abstract

Abstract. Hadi MS, Abadi AL, Himawan T, MAsruri, Lestari SR, Rahardjo BT, Aini LQ, Setiawan Y, Tarno H. 2021. The role of bacterial symbionts in the biodegradation of chlorpyrifos in the digestive tract of Plutella xylostella larvae. Biodiversitas 22: 702-712. Several species in the order Lepidoptera act as plant pests, one of which is Plutella xylostella. Plutella xylostella is one of the most destructive pests of cabbage and other horticultural crops. The use of chemical insecticides as pest control for P. xylostella causes many problems, such as the increased pest resistance to pesticides. The objectives of this study are:  (i) to obtain and characterize symbiont bacteria in the digestive tract of P. xylostella collected from organic and conventional agriculture soils; (ii) to evaluate the potential of bacterial symbionts in the digestive tract of P. xylostella from organic and conventional soils in degrading the active ingredient of chlorpyrifos insecticide; (iii) To determine the biodegradation process of chlorpyrifos insecticide by symbiont bacteria in the digestive tract of P. xylostella; and (iv) to identify the derivative compounds from the biodegradation of chlorpyrifos insecticide. The results showed 30 symbiont bacteria isolated from the digestive tract of P. xylostella collected from organic soil and 36 symbiont bacteria isolated from the digestive tract of P. xylostella from conventional farming soil. There are 15 species of symbiont bacteria in 5 genera from the digestive tract of P. xylostella from organic and conventional farming capable of degrading the chlorpyrifos insecticide. They are identified as Providencia sp., Pseudomonas sp., Serratia sp., Proteus sp., and Aeromonas sp. Chlorpyrifos-derived compounds from the biodegradation of symbiont bacteria are less toxic than chlorpyrifos compounds.
Molecular analysis of Taro and Bali cattle using cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) in Indonesia Ni Nyoman Werdi Susari; I Putu Suastika; Kadek Karang Agustina
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 1 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220122

Abstract

Abstract. Susari NNW, Suastika P, Agustina KK. 2021. Molecular analysis of Taro and Bali cattle using cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 165-172. Cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) is one of the molecular markers often used as a differentiator with many advantages in phylogeny analysis, and it thus rarely undergoes substitution. This research was conducted to characterize the genetics of Taro and Bali (Bos javanicus) cattle. Blood from the animals was collected from the jugularis vein and amplified by PCR. The target area was COI with a primer that was successfully amplified, namely the forward BICOIF (5'-TTC-TCAACCAACCATAAAGATATTGG-3') and the reverse BICOIR fragment (5'-TAG-ACTTCGGGGTGTCCAAAGAATCA-3'). The PCR products' sequencing was carried out by phylogeny analysis using MEGA 6 software. The amplicon value that succeeded in electrophoresis was 710bp, while six polymorphic sites were obtained at base positions of 1, 300, 379, 675, 676, and 679. The haplotypes (Hap) obtained were 4, with a genetic distance that ranged from 0.000-0.001. The nitrogenous bases of the amino acid composition from the samples showed no significant difference. The phylogenetic tree (Tamura-Nei) classified the cattle into two clades with a genetic distance of 0.0005.
Urbanization level and its effect on the structure and function of homegarden (pekarangan) vegetation in West Java, Indonesia Muhammad Saddam Ali; Hadi Susilo Arifin; NURHAYATI NURHAYATI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 1 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220123

Abstract

Abstract. Ali MS, Arifin HS, Nurhayati. 2021. Urbanization level and its effect on the structure and function of homegarden (pekarangan) vegetation in West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 173-183. Urbanization occurs in West Java Province, Indonesia is currently reducing the ecological value of Indonesian pekarangan or homegardens by decreasing the average area of ??homegarden and the diversity and abundance of vegetation in them. One study site was in Bogor District, i.e. Selahuni 2, Ciomas Rahayu Village. Four sites in Bogor City, i.e. Sirnagalih-Pagentongan in Loji Village, Tegal Gundil Lama and Tegal Gundil Baru settlements in Tegal Gundil Village, and Baranangsiang Indah Settlement in Katulampa Village. One study site in Cianjur District, i.e. Cibakung Hamlet in Selajambe Village. The objective of this paper is to show the level of urbanization in each area of studies analyzed by Principle Component Analysis (PCA) and the dynamics of homegarden vegetation by comparing data from 1998, 2007, and 2019. The results showed that the levels of urbanization in the six study sites were moderately urbanized and highly urbanized. Homegarden dynamics occurred in the direction of changing homegarden area and the number of species and individuals of plants there. The dynamics of the homegarden due to urbanization have increased the composition of non-ornamental species, mostly fruit plants in all research sites in 2019.
Short Communication: The ecological and economic values of secondary forest on abandoned land in Samarinda, East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia Karmini Karmini; Karyati Karyati; Kusno Yuli Widiati
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 11 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d211164

Abstract

There is a large area of abandoned land that is not taken manage of after plantation activities in the tropic. These abandoned gardens which have been neglected for a long time have important ecological and economic values. This study aims to assess the existence of abandoned land in the tropic from an ecological and economic perspective. The ecological aspects assessed were stand structure, floristic composition, and species diversity. Meanwhile, the economic aspects analyzed were log price, harvesting cost, profit margin, and stumpage value. The vegetation survey was carried out on all woody trees with a diameter at bresst height (DBH) > 5 cm in 10 subplots each sized 20 m × 20 m. A total of.192 trees were recorded of 29 species belonging to 19 genera and 17 families. The most dominant species were Macaranga triloba (Importance Value, IV of 46.16), Macaranga tanarius (IV of 22.97), and Nephelium lappaceum (IV of 20.94). The indexes of diversity, dominance, evenness, and richness in the studied plots were 1.33, 0.06, 0.40, and 5.33, respectively. The means of wood price, logging cost, profit margin, and stumpage value at abandoned land were USD199.55 m-3, USD69.01 m-3, USD25.45 m-3, and USD51.56 ha-1, respectively. The abandoned lands with high ecological and economic value indicate the important role of abandoned lands in the secondary succession process in the tropics.
Short Communication: Molecular bird sexing on kutilang (Pycnonotus sp.) based on amplification of CHD-Z and CHD-W genes by using polymerase chain reaction method Yudith Violetta Pamulang; Aris Haryanto
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 1 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220155

Abstract

Abstract. Pamulang YV, Haryanto A. 2021. Short Communication: Molecular bird sexing on kutilang (Pycnonotus sp.) based on amplification of CHD-Z and CHD-W genes by using polymerase chain reaction method. Biodiversitas 22: 449-452. Sex determination is an important aspect in breeding, ecological studies, rearing and reproductive management on Kutilang (Pycnonotus sp.) birds. It is based on differences in intron lengths from DNA amplification of the Chromodomain Helicase DNA-binding (CHD) genes on the Z and W sex chromosomes. This study aims to compare the molecular bird sexing method on Pycnonotus sp. by PCR amplification derived from two different DNA sources. DNA was extracted from DNA 100 µL peripheral blood (1-2 drops) and three plucked feathers from each sample. The CHD genes were amplified using PCR method and visualized by electrophoresis on 1.5% agarose gel. The amplified DNA fragments were single and double DNA bands in the size of 300 bp for the CHD-Z and 400 bp for the CHD-W genes. Three samples were identified as males from the six Pycnonotus sp. while the other three were females. The molecular sexing of six Kultilang (Pycnonotus sp.) birds showed that three samples were males and three were females. Descriptive analysis of two different DNA sources showed that the DNA extracted from peripheral blood samples has better quality than DNA extracted from plucked feathers.
Phytochemical screening and cytotoxic evaluation of Bauhinia scandens leaf extracts using HeLa and T47D cell lines Lianah Lianah; RITA ARIYANA NUR KHASANAH; DWIMEI AYUDEWANDARI PRANATAMI; KRISANTINI KRISANTINI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 2 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220247

Abstract

Abstract. Lianah L, Khasanah RAN, Pranatami DA, Krisantini K. 2021. Phytochemical screening and cytotoxic evaluation of Bauhinia scandens leaf extracts using HeLa and T47D cell lines. Biodiversitas 22: 913-919. The aim of the study was to analyze the phytochemical contents and todetermine the cytotoxic activities of Bauhinia scandens leaf ethanol extracts against HeLa (human cervical cancer) and T47D (breast cancer) cell culture lines. Using a standard protocol, it was found that leaf extract of B. scandens contains phytochemicals that are widely known to have medicinal properties, such as phenols (17.57±0.098% w/w), flavonoids (5.91±0.098% w/w), saponins (19.42±0.091% w/w), tannins (1.24±0.035% w/w), alkaloids (1.31±0.001% w/w) and steroids (0.08±0.007% w/w). Results of 24-hr Microculture Tetrazolium Salt (MTT) assay show that leaf extracts of B. scandens can suppress cell growth at a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 1.95 ?g/mLfor HeLa cells and 4.54?g/mL for T47D cells. This indicates that B. scandens is a potentially strong candidate for anti-cancer agents. The cytotoxic activities of the leaf extracts of B. scandens can be attributed to the total effects of the phytochemical compounds found. Further studies are recommended in order to isolate and determine individual effects of bioactive compounds in B. scandens.
Diversity of insect galls associated with Eucalyptus alba & E. urophylla in altitudinal zones in Timor Island, Indonesia Lindung Tri Puspasari; DAMAYANTI BUCHORI; ROSICHON UBAIDILLAH; HERMANU TRIWIDODO; PURNAMA HIDAYAT
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 7 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220715

Abstract

Abstract. Puspasari LT, Buchori D, Ubaidillah R, Triwidodo H, Hidayat P. 2021. Diversity of insect galls associated with Eucalyptus alba & E. urophylla in altitudinal zones in Timor Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 2667-2679. We investigated the galling insects associated with two species of Eucalyptus, namely E. alba Reinw. and E. urophylla S.T. Blake in different altitudinal zones in Timor Island, Indonesia. This is the first report for Indonesia of the diversity patterns and community structures of galling insects in these two species of eucalyptus and the type of galls they produce. Surveys and data collection were carried out between October 2017 and June 2018 at different altitudes of secondary forest in Timor Tengah Selatan district, Timor. We visited five altitudinal zones (± 829 m asl., ± 942 m asl. ± 1,621 m asl., ± 1992 m asl., and ± 2457 m asl.) and selected 25 eucalyptus plants of 3 to 5 m in height in each altitudinal zone from which to collect insect galls. The galls were observed on leaves, upper leaves (shoots), outer leaves, symptomatic twigs and stems. The galls were taken to the laboratory for rearing of the insects they contained. A total number of 12 gall types were found in E. alba and 15 in E. urophylla from which 28 insect morphospecies were identified belonging to 16 families and five orders. The order Hymenoptera was represented by ten families: Bethylidae, Torymidae, Eulophidae, Eupelmidae Eurytomidae, Pteromalidae, Encyrtidae, Mymaridae, Braconidae and Scelinonidae while the order Diptera was represented by three families: Fergusoninidae, Cecidomyiidae and Chaoboridae. Galling species diversity ranged from 1.71 to 2.38 on the Shannon-Wiener index and 0.75 to 0.87 on the Simpson index and showed that the galling-insect communities were species-rich and composed of galling formers and very few inquilines. In the study, communities are categorized and structured according to different types of galling insects, including those that induce galling, those that are parasitoid, and those that are inquiline. Within the category of gall-forming insects in the two species of eucalyptus, Eulophidae is found to be the dominant family. Our field data makes an important contribution to basic knowledge of insect galling patterns in eucalyptus forests and constitutes baseline data for the implementation of pest control.
Diversity of endophytic fungi in Syzygium aqueum Ummi Hiras Habisukan; ELFITA ELFITA; HARY WIDJAJANTI; ARUM SETIAWAN; ALFIA R. KURNIAWATI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 3 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220307

Abstract

Abstract. Habisukan UH, Elfita, Widjajanti H, Setiawan A, Kurniawati AR. 2021. Diversity of endophytic fungi in Syzygium aqueum. Biodiversitas 22: 1129-1137. Exploring endophytic fungi may provide alternative, plant-based ethnomedicines. The discovery of endophytic fungi can produce many plant-derived drugs that give new horizons to the pharmaceutical industry for the availability and production of such medicines on a large scale. Extracts from Syzygium aqueum Alston (jambu air), a fruit-bearing plant native to Indonesia, have long been used in traditional medicine. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify, and investigate, the antimicrobial activity of the endophytic fungi found in S. aqueum. Results revealed that total16 fungi were isolated . Fungal endophytes were identified through morphological characterization and subsequently compared with key fungal identification books. The ethyl acetate extracts of the isolated endophytic fungi were screened for their antimicrobial activity through paper disc diffusion assay fungi isolated from S. aqueum were identified as: Aspergillus niger (Isolate code R21, R41, T72), Cylindrocarpon sp. (Isolate code R11, R31), Trichoderma aureoviridae (Isolate code T11), Trichoderma harzianum (Isolate code T21), Trichoderma sp. (Isolate code T31), Pestalotia sp. (Isolate code T41and T62), Beltrania sp. (Isolate code T52), Chaetomium sp. (Isolate code L11), Cochliobolus sp. (Isolate code L22), Penicillium sp. (Isolate code L32), Cylindrocladium sp. (Isolate code L42), and an unidentified Ascomycota (T51). The values of Shannon-Weiner and Simpson diversity indexes for the overall fungal community were H?=2.133 and 1-D=0.859 respectively. All isolates showed potential antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhi, and Staphylococcus aureus, but the lowest activity against Candida albicans. The results indicate that the bioactive compounds and secondary metabolites of these isolates should be further investigated for pharmaceutical applications.
Anticancer potential of methanolic extracts from Pleurotus species on raji cells and antibacterial activity against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Muhammad Evy Prastiyanto; RIZAL MAARIF RUKMANA; DEWI KUNTHY SARASWATI; SRI DARMAWATI; ENDANG TRI WAHYUNI MAHARANI; YANUARITA TURSINAWATI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 21 No. 12 (2020)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d211221

Abstract

Abstract. Prastiyanto ME, Rukmana RM, Saraswati DK, Darmawati S, Maharani ETW, Tursinawati Y. 2020. Anticancer potential of methanolic extracts from Pleurotus species on raji cells and antibacterial activity against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Biodiversitas 21: 5644-5649. The aim of this work is to identify the potential effects of methanolic extracts from four species of the Pleurotus genus cultivated in Indonesia on nasopharynx cancer (Raji cell line), and to investigate their antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). This study investigates four species members of Pleurotus (Pleurotus ostreatus, P. cystidiosus, P. flabellatus, and P. pulmonarius var. stechangii). Dry Samples were extracted with methanol to yield crude extracts. Cytotoxicity screening was conducted using MTT assay of dry extracts, while antibacterial activity was calculated based on the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) using Mueller–Hinton broth, via the microdilution method. Compounds were analyzed using thin-layer chromatography (TLC). P. flabellatus provided the highest yield of dry extract (20.8%) with the lowest value of IC50 (556.226 µg/mL) compared to the three other species investigated. Antibacterial activity was calculated as MIC and MBC values against MRSA by the P. flabellatus extract which reached 6.25 mg/mL and 250 mg/mL, respectively. The result of TLC of the dry extract of P. flabellatus revealed the presence of terpenoids. P. flabellatus has the potential to be developed as both an anti-cancer and an antibacterial agent, especially against Raji cells and MRSA strains. However, further in vivo research and discovery of the modes of action involved are still needed to shed light on these effects. Studies can provide new information about the benefits of Pleurotus as a source of natural anticancer and antibacterial compound.
The potential of cellulose-degrading fungi at various peat maturities in Teluk Bakung Peat Area, Kubu Raya District, Indonesia Siti Khotimah; Suharjono Suharjono; Tri Ardyati; Yulia Nuraini
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 4 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220446

Abstract

Abstract. Khotimah S, Suharjono, Ardyati T, Nuraini Y. 2021. The potential of cellulose-degrading fungi at various peat maturities in Teluk Bakung Peat Area, Kubu Raya District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 1981-1990. Fungi play important roles in degrading cellulose in the maturation process of peat. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of cellulose-degrading fungi at various peat maturities in the forest. Peat soil samples were collected from Teluk Bakung Village, Kubu Raya District, West Kalimantan using a random sampling method. Peat soil samples were obtained at six sampling sites in forests and palm oil plantations. The fungi were cultured by the pour plate method on 1% CMC media. The cellulose-degrading fungi were determined based on a clear zone formation around the colony in CMC agar media. The cellulolytic fungal population in the fibric, hemic, and sapric peats of the secondary forest were 3.2 × 103, 4.6 × 103, and 5.6 × 103 CFU/g, respectively, whereas at fibric, hemic, and sapric of the shrubs were 5.6 x 104, 3.9 × 105 and 4.7 × 104 CFU/g, respectively. Among the 25 cellulolytic fungal isolates, 5 isolates (HS1.5, HS3.4.1, HB2.2, SS2.4.1, and SB2.5.1) showed high average clear zone diameter (21-28 mm). The HS3.4.1 and HS1.5 isolates had cellulase enzyme activity of 132.16 and 127.3 U/mL, respectively. These isolates can grow and degrade cellulose at 30°C to 35°C and pH of 2, 3, 4, and 5.  The HS3.4.1 and HS1.5 isolate were closely related to Penicillium citrinum based on the phylogenetic tree analysis.

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