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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Determinants of Nile tilapia’s (Oreochromis niloticus) growth in aquaculture pond in Batu, Indonesia Evellin Dewi Lusiana; Muhammad Musa; Syahril Ramadhan
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 2 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220256

Abstract

Abstract. Lusiana ED, Musa M, Ramadhan S. 2021. Determinants of Nile tilapia’s (Oreochromis niloticus) growth in aquaculture pond in Batu, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 999-1005. Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) has been commonly cultured all over the world, especially in Indonesia, due to high market demand. The success of Nile tilapia culture production depends on the fish growth during cultivation as well as pond environment. Many studies have revealed that quality of water strongly affects fish growth in an aquaculture pond. This study aims to investigate the relationship among water quality like Physico-chemical (temperature, transparency, pH, dissolved oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrate, and phosphate) and biological (phytoplankton abundance) factors and the specific growth rate of Nile tilapia in a freshwater cultivation pond in Batu City, Indonesia. The data was analyzed using the path model. Results indicated that the most significant factor for fish growth was the phytoplankton abundance. However, since nitrate and phosphate also played roles as determinants of phytoplankton abundance, they can be considered indirect water quality factors of Nile tilapia growth.
Sequence and expression analysis of glucokinase mRNA from herbivorous Giant gourami (Osphronemus goramy) Dian Novita Sari; Hasan Nasrullah; Julie Ekasari; Muhammad Agus Suprayudi; Alimuddin Alimuddin
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 2 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220227

Abstract

Abstract. Sari DN, Nasrullah H, Ekasari J, Suprayudi MA, Alimuddin A. 2021. Sequence and expression analysis of glucokinase mRNA from herbivorous Giant gourami (Osphronemus goramy). Biodiversitas 22: 741-750. Glucokinase (GCK) is one of the enzymes that play important roles in carbohydrate metabolism and high glucose homeostatic in fish. The information about the GCK mRNA sequence and its expression is limited in Giant gourami, one of the most important herbivorous aquaculture species in Indonesia. The present study aimed to characterize the GCK mRNA and analyze its mRNA expression and plasma glucose levels after high glucose injection in Giant gourami. We also compared its sequence variability among carnivorous and herbivorous fish. The GCK mRNA was identified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method from the fish liver. Its mRNA level was analyzed by real-time PCR (qPCR). Giant gourami GCK mRNA sequence was 2104 nucleotide long, encoding 478 amino acids, and shared high similarity with other fish. GCK was mainly expressed in the liver. The mRNA level of GCK was highly up-regulated after 6 hours of high glucose injection, in-line with the plasma glucose in the blood. There are no major differences observed in the GCK amino acid sequences among Giant gourami and other fish. The knowledge gained from this study could be used as a reference for further exploration of metabolic regulation in Giant gourami.
Inhibition of a-amylase and a-glucosidase activities in vitro by extracts of selected medicinal plants Deepak Pant; BIVA ARYAL; DAMA PUN; SUSHILA SHARMA; GIRI PRASAD JOSHI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 3 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220314

Abstract

Abstract. Pant DR, Aryal B, Pun D, Sharma S, Joshi GP. 2021. Inhibition of a-amylase and a-glucosidase activities in vitro by extracts of selected medicinal plants. Biodiversitas 22: 1187-1193. Several medicinal plants are being used traditionally in the treatment/management of Diabetes Mellitus (DM). The present work focuses on experimental verification of antidiabetic potential of different medicinal plants that have been reported to be used traditionally to manage DM. Aqueous and methanolic extracts of 12 species of plants were studied for their inhibitory effect on the activities of a-amylase and a-glucosidase, two key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism. The extracts of all the species showed very high degree (nearly 90% or above) of inhibition of ?-amylase irrespective of the extraction solvent. The aqueous extracts of Asterella wallichiana, however, showed only 63.60% inhibition of a-amylase. Except for Asterella wallichiana, the percentage inhibition of a-amylase in aqueous and methanolic solution in all the species tested were almost similar. The percentage inhibition of a-glucosidase was lower than that of a-amylase for all the species in both types of extraction medium. The highest percentage inhibition of a-glucosidase (81.13±1.36 %) was found in methanolic extracts of Rhuschinensis. The inhibition of a-glucosidase was much higher in methanolic extracts than in aqueous extracts for all the species tested. High degree of inhibition of a-amylase activity in vitro by the extracts of all the species tested provides scientific basis for using these plants in the management/treatment of diabetes in traditional medicine.
Medicinal plants used by the indigenous Ati tribe in Tobias Fornier, Antique, Philippines Cecilia Cordero; GRECEBIO JONATHAN D. ALEJANDRO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 2 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220203

Abstract

Abstract. Cordero CS, Alejandro GJD. 2021. Medicinal plants used by the indigenous Ati tribe in Tobias Fornier, Antique, Philippines. Biodiversitas 22: 521-538. This study documented the medicinal plants used by the indigenous Ati tribe in Sitio Pantad, Brgy. Igcalawagan, Tobias Fornier, Antique. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the tribal chieftain, council of elders, herb doctors, and other members of the tribe who have indigenous knowledge of using medicinal plants in traditional medicine. The Use Value, Informant Consensus Factor, and Fidelity Level were used to determine the plants’ importance. A total of 108 plant species distributed in 97 genera and 44 families were used by the Ati to treat 67 diseases in 12 categories. The family Fabaceae was best represented with 15 species, followed by Lamiaceae with 12 species, and Asteraceae, Euphorbiaceae, and Poaceae with 5 species each. The most frequently used part was the leaf and the most common method of preparation and administration was decoction that was taken orally. One of the most culturally important medicinal plants was Euphorbia hirta L. with the highest use value (0.59) for treating visual problems, dengue, typhoid fever, and headache. The result of this study serves as an ethnobotanical base for drug research and formulation, as well as creating the needed awareness for preserving ethnomedicine as a safe and effective alternative means in the health care delivery system.
Short Communication: Histopathology of red chilli fruit (Capsicum annuum) infected with Colletotrichum acutatum of Java, Indonesia isolates Junisafitri Muljowati; Loekas Soesanto; Laurentius Nugroho
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 2 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220242

Abstract

Abstract. Muljowati JS, Soesanto L, Nugroho LH. 2021. Short Communication: Histopathology of red chilli fruit (Capsicum annuum) infected with Colletotrichum acutatum of Java, Indonesia isolates. Biodiversitas 22: 874-880. Colletotrichum acutatum isolates from Malang, Temanggung, Kulonprogo, Brebes, Garut, and Pandeglang in Indonesia varied in their ability to produce pigments. In the present study, the histopathological status of red chilli was investigated during the early phase of infection by C. acutatum Java isolate. The results included a description of the histopathological features of red chillies (Capsicum annuum) in the early phase of infection by C. acutatum isolates and the relationship between the origin of the isolates and the time of onset of infection. The red chilli fruits were inoculated with fungal conidia suspension and then the histopathology of chilli fruits was observed at 0 hours (uninfected control), 8 hours, 16 hours, 24 hours, and 32 hours after inoculation. The results showed that C. acutatum isolates from Kulonprogo caused host damage within 8 hours, while the other isolates (from Malang, Brebes, Garut and Pandeglang) began to produce similar symptoms at 16 hours or 24 hours. This study revealed for the first time that pathogenic activity begins at the onset of infection, and the resulting anatomical damage to red chillies begins at different times.
The role of coastal biodiversity conservation on sustainability and environmental awareness in mangrove ecosystem of southern Malang, Indonesia Zainal Abidin; Budi Setiawan; Abdul Wahib Muhaimin; Agustina Shinta
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 2 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220217

Abstract

Abstract. Abidin Z, Setiawan B, Muhaimin AW, Shinta A. 2021. The role of coastal biodiversity conservation on sustainability and environmental awareness in mangrove ecosystem of southern Malang, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 648-658. Southern coast of Malang, East Java, Indonesia has several mangrove ecosystems used for ecotourism, such as Clungup Mangrove Conservation Tiga Warna (CMC Tiga Warna). This area has consistently implemented ecotourism principles. Previously, it was assumed to be vulnerable from the damage due to differences in environmental awareness of ecotourists and local communities. This study aims to (i) describe the strategy of coastal biodiversity conservation to enhance environmental awareness and its sustainability; (ii) analyze the role of conservation on sustainability and environmental awareness, with sustainability as a mediating variable between conservation and environmental awareness. Data analysis was conducted with descriptive and Warp Partial Least Square (WarpPLS). The results indicate that empirical facts of conservation, sustainability, and environmental awareness in CMC Tiga Warna are relevant to the result of statistical analysis. Conservation is believed to form the environmental awareness of ecotourists and local communities and to maintain the sustainability of ecotourism destinations. In addition, the sustainability of ecotourism destinations serves as an effective mediator between conservation and environmental awareness, along with the modeling of environmental awareness enhancement in conservation-based coastal ecotourism. The proposed model explains that sustainability and environmental awareness variances are 23% and 25%, respectively. In summary, Destination Marketing and Management Organization of CMC Tiga Warna ecotourism is believed to improve environmental awareness of ecotourist and local communities by strengthening coastal biodiversity conservation programs in ecotourism areas and in maintaining sustainability.
First genetic record and the phylogenetic relationship of Osteochilus spilurus (Cyprinidae: Labeoninae ) originating from Bangka and Belitung Islands, Indonesia ARDIANSYAH KURNIAWAN; Anik Martinah Hariati; Andi Kurniawan; Dewa Gede Raka Wiadnya
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 2 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220233

Abstract

Abstract. Kurniawan A, Hariati AM, Kurniawan A, Wiadnya DGR. 2021. First genetic record and the phylogenetic relationship of Osteochilus spilurus (Cyprinidae: Labeoninae) originating from Bangka and Belitung Islands, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 794-802. Osteochilus spilurus is a freshwater fish from Southeast Asia. Species identification for this fish in Indonesia is still solely limited to morphological characteristics. Therefore it is highly important to validate using short DNA sequences that have been proven to be fast, effective, and accurate. Fish specimens were collected from Lenggang river in Belitung island, and Lebak river in Bangka island, Indonesia. Mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (cyt b, 408 bp) was amplified and sequenced. We collected fish specimens from Lenggang River in Belitung Island and Lebak River in Bangka Island, Indonesia. The results suggested that individuals from both islands are clustered together with a strong bootstrap value (100%) in a monophyletic clade. The specimens deposited at NCBI as the first Indonesian genetic records. They have a sister lineage to individuals from Sabah, Malaysia, although supported by a low bootstrap value. While geographical connection during the Pleistocene period allowed wide distribution of the species, differences in the evolutionary processes of historical biogeography and environmental changes are the predicted cause of the low genetic similarity. These findings can be used as a sequence reference and basic information for conservation of this species.
Species diversity and abundance of scorpions in Ahvaz city, Southwest Iran NAHID JALILI SHAH MANSOURI; Kamran Akbarzadeh; ELHAM JAHANIFARD; BABAK VAZIRIANZADEH; Javad Rafinejad
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 2 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220229

Abstract

Abstract. Mansouri NJS, Akbarzadeh K, Jahanifard E, Vazirianzadeh B, Rafinejad J. 2021. Species diversity and abundance of scorpions in Ahvaz city, Southwest Iran. Biodiversitas 22: 763-768. Arthropods are one of the most important and diverse phyla of the animal kingdom. This phylum includes several classes of insects and arachnids, which are of medical and veterinary importance. Scorpions are at the top of the group of venomous arthropods in terms of having venomous bites and causing death. Scorpions live mainly in tropical and subtropical regions of the world and therefore have higher diversity and richness in these regions. This study aimed to investigate the biodiversity and abundance of scorpions in Ahvaz city, Khuzestan province, Iran. It has the highest species diversity and species richness in Iranian scorpions. Scorpions were collected from five regions in Ahvaz using various methods. In total 237 scorpions were collected and identified. They belonged to two families, seven genera and seven species: Mesobuthus eupeus (65%), Hemiscorpius lepturus (23.2%), Androctonus crassicauda (3.8%), Compsobuthus rugosulus (3.4%), Orthochirus zagrosensis (2.5%), Apistobuthus susanae (1.7%), Buthacus macrocentrus (0.4%). Except for H. lepturus (Hemiscorpiidae), other species belonged to the Buthidae family. That all of them were non-burrowing. M. eupeus was the dominant species diversity analysis indicated higher species richness and species diversity for summer (Margalef = 1.07; Shannon = 1.55). Logistic regression analysis showed that the variables of geographical location, humidity, and temperature had a significant relationship with the abundance of scorpion species, while height had no statistically significant.
Molecular identification of coprophilous microfungi from Banyumas District, Central Java, Indonesia Aris Mumpuni; Adi Amurwanto; Daniel Joko Wahyono
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 3 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220361

Abstract

Abstract. Mumpuni A, Amurwanto A, Wahyono DJ. 2021. Molecular identification of coprophilous microfungi from Banyumas District, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 1550-1557. Coprophilous microfungi are a group of fungi that are ecologically interesting in relation to herbivores. These fungi play a predominant role in the decomposition of organic matter, in which the organic matter passes through a series of events involving mechanical degradation, as well as physical and biological processes. The role of coprophilous fungi as the main decomposers of the lignocellulosic material of herbivorous animal waste, which is widespread in nature, is very important. Previous research on the inventory and identification of coprophilous fungi in the Banyumas district has been limited to macroscopic genera, so the results have not been able to provide a comprehensive picture of the presence of coprophilous fungi in the region. Identification of the types of microscopic coprophilous fungi that live in herbivorous animal waste, such as lignocellulosic material, is necessary to understand the taxonomy of these fungi. This study aimed to investigate and identify microscopic coprophilous fungi obtained in the Banyumas district of Central Java, Indonesia. Based on the purposive random sampling method, the obtained fungi were analyzed using the molecular methods of DNA isolation, gene amplification, DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of fungal cultures. The following species and genera were identified: Ceriporia lacerata, Trichosporon insectorum, Lentinus squarrosulus, Fusarium sp., Aspergillus sp., and Trichosporon sp.
The genetic diversity and reproductive dynamics of sandalwood in Gunung Sewu (Java, Indonesia) in 2012-2019: designing conservation strategies in a continuous versus fragmented landrace Yeni Ratnaningrum; Sapto Indrioko; Amellita Karrin; Aditya Kurniawan; ANGGI D.C. PUTRI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 8 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220815

Abstract

Abstract. Ratnaningrum YWN, Indrioko S, Karrin A, Kurniawan A, Putri ADC. 2021. The genetic diversity and reproductive dynamics of sandalwood in Gunung Sewu (Java, Indonesia) in 2012-2019: designing conservation strategies in a continuous versus fragmented landrace. Biodiversitas 22: 3219-3229. This research aimed to compare the dynamics of the genetic diversity, mating systems, and reproductive outputs of the most fragmented (Bejiharjo) and continuous (Bleberan) sandalwood landraces in Gunung Sewu in the flowering periods of 2012-2019. Among the different sandalwood landraces found in Gunung Sewu, Bejiharjo has the highest levels of santalol; unfortunately, this landrace also requires the most attention because of heavy habitat fragmentation resulting from overexploitation, urbanization, and cave-tourism activities. Compared with Bejiharjo, Bleberan demonstrated a wider genetic base and greater outcrossing. Mature and flowering individuals in Bejiharjo decreased from 2012 to 2019 as fragmentation increased, particularly in 2019, during which extreme individual reduction due to illegal logging and land conversion was noted. Recent years consisted of more-clonalized stands, as indicated by the finding of fewer distinct genotypes and higher clonality rates. Increases in clonality and narrowing of the genetic base over time increased selfing rates and reduced offspring heterozygosity and seedling recruitment. The dynamics of genetic diversity in Bleberan, which was relatively undisturbed, appeared to be highly affected by fluctuations in the number of parental genetic bases (i.e., flowering parents) in each flowering season. Some parents bore flowers in one flowering season but remained in a vegetative state in the following season. This irregularity of flowering individuals caused fluctuations in actual population size, resulting in a different genetic base, mating system, and reproductive outputs in every season. All six loci (i.e., Dia-1, Dia-2, Est-1, Est-2, Est-3, and Skd-1) examined in Bleberan are polymorphic sites, and no missing alleles were noted in any of the observation years. Est-2 was monomorphic in Bejiharjo, where rare and missing alleles were more apparent, particularly at the seedling level. Genetic differentiation over time was observed between Bejiharjo and Bleberan, and increased fragmentation was noted in Bejiharjo. The migration rate between these two landraces also decreased over time. Focusing on maintaining the reproductive and genetic processes of each population by implementing different strategies based on the genetic base, mating systems, and degree of fragmentation and clonality of the landrace is recommended.

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