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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Myrtus communis essential oils from Algeria YACINE MOHAMADI; TAKIA LOGRADA; Messaoud Ramdani; GILLES FIGUEREDO; PIERRE CHALARD
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 2 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220249

Abstract

Abstract. Mohamadi Y, Lograda T, Ramdani M, Figueredo G, Chalard P. 2021. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Myrtus communis essential oils from Algeria. Biodiversitas 22: 933-946.  The objectives of this study were to determine the chemical composition and the antibacterial activities of Myrtus communis essential oils. The aerial parts of the myrtle were collected from nineteen localities of the Algerian coast, and subjected to hydrodistillation. The chemical composition of essential oils was analyzed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The antibacterial activity was evaluated by the disk diffusion method against ten bacterial species. Essential oils of M. communis was pale yellow oils, very fragrant, with an average yield of 0.68 ± 0.6%. Forty-six compounds were identified, representing an average of 99.17 ± 0.6% of total oils. The ?-pinene was the most abundant component in the essential oils of all populations studied, with a mean of 50.1 ± 10.3%, followed by 1,8-cineole (22.27 ± 4.32%), limonene (5.16 ± 2.67%), linalool (3.79 ± 2.97%), ?-terpineol (2.75 ± 1.12%), geranyl acetate (1.95 ± 0.7%) and methyl eugenol (1.40 ± 0.98%). Myrtenyl acetate was only observed in four populations with significant levels (from 10.66 to 20.94%). Six chemotypes have been identified in these oils. The ?-pinene – 1,8-cineole - limonene chemotype was found in the majority of populations. The chemotype of ?-pinene - 1,8-cineole - ?-terphenyl acetate characterizes the Oued El-Aneb population. The ?-pinene - neryl formate - limonene chemotype is observed in the Honaïn population. The remaining populations are characterized by myrtenyl acetate. The essential oils of M. communis were effective against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Salmonella enterica ATCC35659, Proteus mirabilis, and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922; however, no significant effect was observed on Klebsiella pneumonia ATCC 700603 and Serratia liquefaciens.
Molecular identification of blaCTX-M and blaTEM genes encoding extended-spectrum ß-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli isolated from raw cow’s milk in East Java, Indonesia RIBBY ANSHARIETA; SANCAKA CHASYER RAMANDINIANTO; Mustofa Helmi Effendi; HANI PLUMERIASTUTI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 4 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220402

Abstract

Abstract. Ansharieta R, Ramandinianto SC, Effendi MH, Plumeriastuti H. 2021. Molecular identification of blaCTX-M and blaTEM genes encoding extended-spectrum ß-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli isolated from raw cow’s milk in East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 1600-1605. The emergence of extended-spectrum ?-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria and its increasing level has become public health issue. The presence of these bacteria in food of animal origin is quite alarming. The objective of this study was to detect and characterize Escherichia coli producing ESBL encoding genes, isolated from 200 raw cow milk samples in East Java, Indonesia. The results of this study showed that 70.5% of isolates were confirmed as E. coli, based on the morphological growth of colonies on the EMB Agar and biochemical IMViC tests. In this study, the double-disc synergy test (DDST) method was used to confirm the ESBL, and previously sorted out presumptively by using Aztreonam antibiotic disc. The antibiotics used were amoxicillin-clavulanate, ceftazidime, and cefotaxime for DDST. In addition, ESBL confirmation with Multiplex PCR method for blaCTX-M and blaTEM genes were done. The presence of ESBL-producing by E. coli isolated from raw cow’s milk in East Java were 2.12% (3/141). The PCR results showed that the double blaCTX-M and blaTEM gene harbored by 2 ESBL isolates and one blaTEM gene as many as 1 ESBL isolate. Thus, the findings of our study indicate that milk can be a good reservoir of bacteria carrying blaCTX-M and blaTEM ESBL resistance genes with the potential to affect human health.
Short Communication: Wildlife species used as traditional medicine by local people in Indonesia Ani Mardiastuti; BURHANUDDIN MASY'UD; LIN N. GINOGA; HAFIYYAN SASTRANEGARA; SUTOPO SUTOPO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 1 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220140

Abstract

Abstract. Mardiastuti A, Masy'ud B, Ginoga LN, Sastranegara H, Sutopo. 2021. Short Communication: Wildlife species used as traditional medicine by local people in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 329-337. Since a long time ago, wild animals (wildlife species) have been used by the local people as traditional medicine. Research has been conducted in some areas, but there was no study that incorporates all data. The objective of this research was to collect nation-wide information on the wildlife species (mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians) used as traditional medicine, identify the species used the most, and collect information on the diseases that were believed can be cured by the wildlife species. Papers and reports from previous studies were collected and analyzed. Based on 55 published scientific papers, 114 wildlife species were known to be used by the local people as traditional medicine (59 species of mammals, 12 birds, 37 reptiles, 6 amphibians). Reptiles were used more intensively and believed may cure many diseases, mainly respiratory, digestive, skin, and musculoskeletal diseases. Among all species, Reticulated Python (Malayopython reticulatus), Common Water Monitor (Varanus salvator), Tokay Gecko (Gekko gecko), Common Sun Skink (Eutropis multifasciata), and Malayan Porcupine (Hystrix brachyura) were listed as the most popular species for traditional medicine. As some species have already listed as protected and endangered, a necessary precautionary program is needed to ensure the harvest sustainability and survival of the endangered species.
Diversity of lactic acid bacteria isolated during fermentation of indigenous cassava obtained from Sumba, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia IMMANUELLA BERLIANA ELVANI HUTAJULU; PERISKILA DINA KALI KULLA; Endah Retnaningrum
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 7 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220703

Abstract

Abstract. Hutajulu IBE, Kulla PDK, Retnaningrum E. 2021. Diversity of lactic acid bacteria isolated during fermentation of indigenous cassava obtained from Sumba, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 2561-2570. Traditional fermented food products hold a great significance in the routine diet of Indonesian inhabitants. The present study investigated the diversity of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) found in fermented indigenous cassava, ubi karet busuk, produced in Sumba, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. The isolated LAB was characterized for their phenotypic, biochemical, and molecular traits, which involved 16S rRNA gene sequencing, determination of lactic acid fermentation pathway, and measurement of b-glucosidase and tannase activity in the LAB strains. During fermentation, 15 LAB strains were obtained from the cassava. Among these, 93.33% strains were found to be homofermentative, whereas 6.73% strains displayed heterofermentative traits. BLASTn and phylogenetic analysis classified 15 LAB strains into six species, namely Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus casseliflavus, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Lactococcus lactis, and Enterococcus sp. Among these, 10 LAB strains displayed b-glucosidase activity, with highest enzyme activity of 7.13 U/mL recorded in L. lactis F14IS3. Interestingly, two of these strains also showed expression of tannase, with F6IS1 strain displaying highest enzyme activity of 38.23 U/mL. Thus, the study results highlighted the suitability of these b-glucosidase and tannase-producing LAB strains to be used as a starter in the fermentation of cassava and other substrates such as vegetables, fruits, and legumes. These strains can also be utilized in animal feed, food, and beverage industries.
Combination on endophytic fungal as the Plant Growth-Promoting Fungi (PGPF) on cucumber (Cucumis sativus) Syamsia Syamsia; ABUBAKAR IDHAN; AMANDA PATAPPARI FIRMANSYAH; NOERFITRYANI NOERFITRYANI; IRADHATULLAH RAHIM; HENRY KESAULYA; RAKHMAD ARMUS
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 3 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220315

Abstract

Abstract. Syamsia S, Idhan A, Firmansyah AP, Noerfitryani N, Rahim I, Kesaulya H, Armus R. 2021. Combination on endophytic fungal as the Plant Growth-Promoting Fungi (PGPF) on Cucumber (Cucumis sativus). Biodiversitas 22: 1194-1202. Endophytic fungi are known to stimulate plant growth by producing secondary metabolites, including phytohormones (IAA and Gibberellins), siderophore, phosphate-solubilizing metabolites. In this study, a total of six endophytic fungi were successfully isolated from local rice plants and showed different abilities in producing secondary metabolites, during single isolates testing. These six isolates were then combined to obtain 15 combinations for analysis, to determine the best combination for application as a plant growth promoter. Subsequently, each combination was tested for phytohormones (IAA, gibberellins) and siderophore (quantitatively)-producing activity, phosphate-solubilizing ability, and the effect on cucumber (Cucumis sativus L) plant growth. F13 showed activity in producing IAA and produced the highest gibberellin levels, while F1 exhibited the highest phosphate-solubilizing activity. In addition, F11 (Na-salicylate) and F1 (catechol) showed the highest siderophore activity, while a combination of F6, F8, F9, and F12 successfully increased plant height growth. Also, F4 increased the root growth, while the fresh weight of cucumber was increased by F8 treatment, under controlled conditions. Molecular analysis showed the tested isolates have close similarity to Daldinia eschscholtzii, Sarocladium oryzae, Rhizoctonia oryzae, Penicillium allahabadense, and Aspergillus foetidus. The combination of endophyte fungal isolates showed potential as plant growth promoters, however, further testing on several plant types is required before the combination is to be widely applied.
Length-weight relationship, sex ratio, mortality and growth condition of natural stock of Macrobrachium rosenbergii from the estuarine systems of North Kalimantan, Indonesia AGUS INDARJO; Gazali Salim; CHRISTINE DYTA NUGRAENI; MUFRIDA ZEIN; JULIAN RANSANGAN; LUKMAN YUDHO PRAKOSO; SUHIRWAN SUHIRWAN; SUTRISNO ANGGORO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 2 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220239

Abstract

Abstract. Indarjo A, Salim G, Nugraeni CD, Zein M, Ransangan J, Prakoso LY, Suhirwan, Anggoro S. 2021. Length-weight relationship, sex ratio, mortality and growth condition of natural stock of Macrobrachium rosenbergii from the estuarine systems of North Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 846-857. Giant prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) in North Kalimantan Province, Indonesia are commonly found inhabiting estuarine areas in Salimbatu Village (Bulungan District), Tepian Village (Nunukan District) and Buong Baru and Sesayap Villages (Tana Tidung District). The present study was conducted to analyze the relationship between length and weight, sex ratio, mortality, and growth condition index of the naturally occurring giant prawns in three districts namely Bulungan, Nunukan, and Tana Tidung in the North Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. The samplings were carried out for a period of seven months beginning April to November 2020. The results revealed that the giant prawns in Buong Baru Village, Sesayap Village, and Salimbatu Village were characterized to have negative allometric growth patterns. Interestingly, the male giant prawns in Tepian Village were observed to exhibit positive allometric growth pattern. The ratio sex analysis of the giant prawns in the four villages indicated that female prawns were more than male. In terms of size distribution, Salimbatu Village exhibited 60.1% of prawns measured at 14.02-17.74cm (size range of 10.3-47.5 cm). In Tepian Village, 32.9% of the prawns were observed to measure between 11.20-12.80 cm (size range of 8.0-24.0 cm). In Buong Baru Village, it was observed 18.5% of the prawns measured 22.0-25.5 cm and 29.0-32.5 cm (size range of 15.0-50.0 cm), respectively. Finally, 28.3% of the prawns in Sesayap Village was observed to measure at 12.19-14.02 cm from the overall size distribution between 6.7-25.0 cm. Relative condition factor of giant prawns found in the waters of Salimbatu Village, Tepian Village, and Buong Baru Village waters and Sesayap Village waters was characterized by thin body shape. The maximum length of male prawns was higher than female prawns in Salimbatu Village, Desa Tepian and Sesayap Village, except in Buong Baru Village where female was longer than male. The exploitation rate and fishing mortalities of prawns were higher in Buong Baru Village, Tana Tidung District. Giant prawn fishery contributes to the socio-economic development of the people in North Kalimantan. Hence, sustainable fishery management of this species, particularly in Buong Baru Village is urgently needed so that it can continue to provide livelihoods to the fishermen in the area.
Identification of marine sponges-symbiotic bacteria and their application in degrading polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ISMAIL MARZUKI; MUDYAWATI KAMARUDDIN; Rasheed Ahmad
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 3 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220352

Abstract

Abstract. Marzuki I, Kamaruddin M, Ahmad R. 2021. Identification of marine sponges-symbiotic bacteria and their application in degrading polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Biodiversitas 22: 1481-1488. Diverse and abundant microbial species that occupy marine sponges may make important contributions to host metabolism. Sponges are filter feeders and devour microorganisms from the seawater around them. Each microbe that endures the sponges’ digestive and immune responses are related symbiotically. Marine sponges symbiont bacteria can comprise as much as 40% of sponge tissue volume, and these are known to exhibit a great potential on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) degradation. However, the potential use of marine sponges symbiont bacteria is unexplored. Therefore, we designed and conducted a study to identify bacterial isolates obtained from sponges. For this, we collected sponges samples (Hyrtios erectus, Clathria (Thalysias) reinwardti), Niphates sp., and Callyspongia sp.) from the Spermonde islands in Indonesia. We successfully found eight bacterial isolates from four sponges, as molecular identification based on 16S rRNA approach revealed bacterial isolates of SpAB1, SpAB2, SpBB1, SpDB1, and SpDB2 from three sponges (Hyrtios erectus, Clathria (Thalysias) reinwardti), Niphates sp.). Interestingly, these were closely related to Pseudomonas, and a bacterial isolate from Callyspongia sp. (SpCB1) showed similarity to Bacillus. Bacillus and Pseudomonas bacteria isolated from hydrocarbon-contaminated sponges exhibited degradation of naphthalene and pyrene PAHs.
Isolation and characterization of N-fixing and IAA producing rhizobacteria from two rice field agro-ecosystems in South Sulawesi, Indonesia Nining Haerani; ELKAWAKIB SYAM’UN; BURHANUDDIN RASYID; FERANITA HARING
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 5 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220506

Abstract

Abstract. Haerani N, Syam’un E, Rasyid B, Feranita. 2021. Isolation and characterization of N-fixing and IAA producing rhizobacteria from two rice field agro-ecosystems in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 2497-2503. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria that live in the rhizosphere are microorganisms that can increase N availability for rice plants in a non-symbiotic manner. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria also support growth through the production of growth hormones. These abilities are mainly influenced by the environment and their association with plants. This research aims to determine the microbial characteristics from two different rice fields agro-ecosystems (rainfed and irrigated) in South Sulawesi. Bacteria isolated from the rhizosphere soil of rice in six districts were cultured and isolated using Burk's N-free media for screening purposes. A total of 20 isolates were observed for their morphological and biochemical properties, determined their ability to fix nitrogen and produce IAA. The results showed that all isolates could grow on nitrogen-free media, in which 13 isolates were isolated from rainfed rice fields, and 7 isolates were from irrigated rice fields with various physical and biochemical properties, all other qualities tested also varied. NG4 isolate from Gowa Regency (rainfed rice field) produced the highest nitrogen (0.157%), and NB13 isolate from Barru (rainfed rice field) had the highest concentration of growth hormone (IAA) (1,835 mg L-1). All isolates obtained from rainfed rice fields showed a better ability to fix nitrogen and produce growth hormone than those from irrigated rice fields. Bacteria isolates from rainfed rice fields have higher biofertilizers and biostimulant capacity to develop environmentally-friendly rice cultivation.
Spatial and temporal overlaps of top predators: Dhole, tiger and leopard, and their potential preys in Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand Khwanrutai Charaspet; ronglarp - sukmasuang; ์Noraset KHOEWSREE; Mananya Pla-ard; Paanwaris Paansri; Boonyatiporn Keawdee; Yuwaluk Chanachai; NARIS BHUMPAKPHAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 2 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220209

Abstract

Abstract. Charaspet K, Sukmasuang R, Khoewsree N, Pla-Ard M, Paansri P, Keawdee B, Chanachai Y, Bhumpakphan N. 2021. Spatial and temporal overlaps of top predators: Dhole, tiger and leopard, and their potential prey in Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand. Biodiversitas 22: 580-592. The study of the spatial-temporal overlap of top predators and their prey is important to understand competition among predators and predator-prey relationships so that the viable populations of predators and other animals can be sustained. This research aimed to study the abundance of three top predators: Dhole (Cuon alpinus), tiger (Panthera tigris) and leopard (Panthera pardus), and their potential wild prey in Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand, and to investigate the spatial-temporal overlap between those three predators, and their potential wild prey. We tested two significant hypotheses: (i) tiger and leopard had the highest spatial-temporal overlap and the spatial overlap of dhole and leopard was higher in comparison to dhole and tiger due to a higher prey overlap; (ii) the three species of large carnivore avoided spatial-temporal overlap even if they were in the same area. The study was conducted using camera traps. In addition, the spatial-temporal overlap of large carnivores and their potential prey was studied to understand the important species of prey of these large carnivores. The results showed that the spatial overlap of tiger and leopard was the highest. Dhole had significant spatial overlap with leopard, which was higher in comparison to dhole and tiger. A significant temporal overlap of dhole and leopard was not found. Also, a significant temporal overlap of tiger and leopard was not found. The results were based on hypotheses that conformed to the niche overlap index of the potential prey and the temporal overlap coefficient. There were ten important species of potential prey of large carnivores: Sambar deer (Rusa unicolor), red muntjac (Muntiacus muntjak), gaur (Bos gaurus), banteng (Bos javanicus), wild boar (Sus scrofa), Malayan porcupine (Hystrix brachyura), large Indian civet (Viverra zibetha), Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus), pig-tailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina) and red jungle fowl (Gallus gallus). The important recommendation is the protection of the sanctuary from wildfires which spread from the outside in, especially in dry evergreen forest. Food resources of herbivores in the area must be managed, as well as the prevention of epidemics from livestock to wild animals.
Density and characteristics of Green mussels (Perna viridis) in Percut Sei Tuan coastal, North Sumatra, Indonesia IPANNA ENGGAR SUSETYA; Mohammad Basyuni; DESRITA DESRITA; ARIDA SUSILOWATI; TADASHI KAJITA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 2 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220261

Abstract

Percut Sei Tuan is a coastal area on the east coast of North Sumatra which has a lot of natural resource potential, one of them which is green mussels (Perna viridis). Green mussels have many benefits, namely for consumption, cultivation and bioindicator. This study aimed to determine the density, habitat location, growth pattern, frequency distribution of green mussels, physical-chemical parameters of water, a substrate of the bottom waters, and the relationship of green clams density to water and substrate parameters. The study was conducted in July-September 2020. Data analysis included density, the relationship of total length and weight of green mussels, the frequency distribution of shell lengths, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results showed that the density of green mussels at stations I, II, and III were 352 ind/m2, 3 ind/m2, and 1 ind/m2, respectively. The relationship between the length and weight of green shells shows that the growth was negative allometric. The water condition, seen from the physical, chemical, and substrate parameters, was still suitable for P. viridis. Water and substrate parameters that were positively related to the density of green mussels were water temperature, nitrate, phosphate, C-organic, percentage of silt and clay. Parameters that were negatively related were salinity, pH, and percentage of sand in the bottom substrate. The present study suggested that Station I was an appropriate area for the growth and reproduction of green mussels.

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