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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,315 Documents
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Some population characteristics and viability of captive Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) in Thailand MANANYA PLA-ARD; RONGLARP SUKMASUANG; SUWIMOL UTHAIRASMEE
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230251

Abstract

Abstract. Pla-ard M, Sukmasuang R, Uthairasmee S. 2022. Some population characteristics and viability of captive Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) in Thailand. Biodiversitas 23: 1072-1081. Sustaining long-term viable populations of captive Asian elephants poses a challenge in managing the existing populations. Therefore, studies of the characterization and long-term persistence of the population are an important aspect of the action. The results of long-term population analysis of captive Asian elephants (Elephas maximus Linnaeus, 1758) using Population Viability Analysis (PVA) from the demography information showed that the birth and reproductive rate of the captive elephants in Thailand are declining significantly while the mortality rate trends are stable. Analysis results of the population's ability to persist in the long term from the initial population of 4,252 elephants, it was found that extinction of the population if the percentage adult female breeding is 80%, which is the best-case scenario, if the mortality rate increases by 6% from the present, the population will start going into extinction. If the percentage adult female breeding is set to 2.3%, which is the lowest breeding condition in captive Asian elephants, the population will become extinct in every scenario. Therefore, the most important method in maintaining the captive Asian elephant population is to increase the birth rate improve the well-being, health, nutrition, environment, and welfare of elephants in captivity are important factors that would reduce deaths and are very important for the long-term survival of the population in Thailand.
The efficacy of Aeromonas hydrophila GPl-04 feed-based vaccine on African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Dini Siswani Mulia; TRI UTOMO; ALIM ISNANSETYO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 3 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230339

Abstract

Abstract. Mulia DS, Utomo T, Isnansetyo A. 2022. The efficacy of Aeromonas hydrophila GPl-04 feed-based vaccine on African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Biodiversitas 23: 1505-1510. Aeromonas hydrophila is a pathogenic bacterium to African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Vaccination is one of the strategic efforts to control this type of bacterial attack. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of A. hydrophila GPl-04 feed-based vaccine for African catfish. This study used A. hydrophila GPl-04 strain isolate as vaccine material. Sample used was African catfish measuring 10-13 cm length, weighing 16-25 g, taken from aquaculture ponds in the Purbalingga area, Central Java, Indonesia. This study applied experiments under the completely randomized design (CRD) method with 5 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments consisted of P0: feed without vaccine (control); P1: feed with 10 mL/100 g dose of vaccine given for 10 days; P2: feed with 10 mL/100 g dose of vaccine given for 15 days; P3: feed with 15 mL/ 100 g dose of vaccine given for 10 days; and P4: feed with 15 mL/ 100 g dose of vaccine given for 15 days. The challenge test was carried out on week 3, by injecting 0.1 mL of A. hydrophila suspension at 105CFU/mL dose per fish. The main parameters included the fish antibody titer, survival rate (SR), relative percent survival (RPS), mean time to death (MTD), and growth rate. Supporting parameters included water quality such as water temperature, water pH, and dissolved O2 levels. The main parameter data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan multiple range test (DMRT) at 5% test level, and the supporting parameter was descriptively quantitative analyzed. The results showed A. hydrophila GPl-04 feed-based vaccine could increase antibody titer, SR, RPS, and MTD of African catfish (P<0.05). In addition, vaccination did not adversely affect the growth. The A. hydrophila GPl-04 feed-based vaccine was effective in protecting African catfish from A. hydrophila attack where 10 mL/100 g dose, given for 10 days (P1) was indicated as the most effective compared to other vaccination treatments.
Potential of rhizobacterial consortium in increasing area and weight of mulberry leaves (Morus indica) ZULFITRIANY MUSTAKA; BAHARUDDIN PATANDJENGI; GEMINI ALAM; MELINA MELINA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 3 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230322

Abstract

Abstract. Mustaka Z, Patandjengi B, Alam G, Melina. 2022. Potential of rhizobacterial consortium in increasing area and weight of mulberry leaves (Morus indica). Biodiversitas 23: 1369-1374. Rhizobacteria are a group of bacteria that live saprophytically in the rhizosphere area. Some of them can act as plant growth promoters and as biocontrol agents against diseases to increase crop yields. This study was conducted to find potential of the rhizobacteria consortium in various treatments to increase the area and weight of mulberry (Morus indica L.) leaves. Results showed that the rhizobacteria consortium formulation had a significant effect on increasing leaf area and weight. The percentage increase in leaf area in the treatment using the MKR15 rhizobacteria consortium was better at 39.28% (2,800 mm2) when compared to the control MK0t (1,700 mm2), and the percentage increase in MKR15 leaf weight (74.80 g) was 54.54% higher compared to control MK0t (34 g). With these results, it is clear that the rhizobacteria consortium as PGPR affects plant growth and nutrition in a very specific way involving bacterial components that induce plant responses. Molecules of PGPR can affect plants in complex mechanisms, sometimes affecting plant growth and nutrition, and resistance simultaneously.
Enzyme production, antibacterial and antifungal activities of actinobacteria isolated from Ficus deltoidea rhizosphere ISRA JANATININGRUM; YULIN LESTARI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 4 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230429

Abstract

Abstract. Janatiningrum I, Lestari Y. 2022. Enzyme production, antibacterial and antifungal activities of actinobacteria isolated from Ficus deltoidea rhizosphere. Biodiversitas 23: 1950-1957. Actinobacteria have long been known to have the ability to produce bioactive compounds and secondary metabolites. Actinobacteria from the rhizosphere of Ficus deltoidea Jack were expected to produce beneficial secondary metabolite compounds with antibacterial, antifungal activity, and enzymes. A total of 34 different actinobacteria were isolated from F. deltoidea rhizosphere soil. They were assessed for their antimicrobial activity against four fungi, four bacteria, and enzymatic activity. The enzyme activity test showed that almost all isolates had amylase, protease, and cellulase activities. The results of antibacterial indicated that 61.8% of all isolates are active against bacterial tested, i.e., Bacillus subtilis ATTC 3061 (10), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 (13), and Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 (3). The antifungal test showed that 64.8% of the isolates had antifungal activity against four fungal tested, i.e., Fusarium oxysporum (13), Candida albicans (7), Colletotrichum capsici (17). Based on the enzymes production, antibacterial activity, and antifungal activity, RTB 1 and RTB 34 isolates were selected to be characterized by morphological and 16S rRNA gene identification. The morphological characterization and molecular identification showed that RTB 1 and RTB 34 belong to the Streptomyces genus. This study indicated that the selected actinomycetes could be antimicrobial and enzyme sources.
Current state of populations, resources, and biological activity Pulsatilla patens (Ranunculaceae) in Northern Kazakhstan GULNAR S. AIDARKHANOVA; SERIK A. KUBENTAYEV; YELENA V. KUKHAR; ALINA S. URAZALINA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 5 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230509

Abstract

Abstract. Aidarkhanova GS, Kubentayev SA, Kukhar YV, Urazalina AS. 2022. Current state of populations, resources, and biological activity Pulsatilla patens (Ranunculaceae) in Northern Kazakhstan. Biodiversitas 23: 2311-2320. Pulsatilla (Ranunculaceae Juss.) is one of the complex groups in systematic and nomenclature terms, which has more than 30 taxa. Pulsatilla species are widely used against many pathologies. Anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, antimicrobial, antimalarial, and antitumor properties of these plants are known. The object of our research was Pulsatilla patens (L.) Mill. (Ranunculaceae) from the allopathic complex P. patens with yellow flower color in the Northern regions of Kazakhstan. The article provides detailed information on environmental and biological features, morphology, geographical distribution, phylogenetic characteristics, and raw materials of P. patens in Northern Kazakhstan. In addition to these studies, the antimicrobial and fungicidal activity of extracts from leaves and roots of the species is shown. It was established that the species grows in 6 administrative regions of Central and Northern Kazakhstan and 7 floristic regions. In the studied region, P. patens are often found along rocky foothill terraces (mainly on the southern slopes), forest edges, along the southern slopes and tops of the hills of steppes, and among shrubs. Data on the study of P. patens biomorphology showed that quantitative parameters are characterized by the greatest intra- and inter-population variability CV (number of individuals per 1 m2 (38-69%); the number of basal leaves (44-61%); the number of generative shoots per bush (32-53%). Metric parameters such as height during flowering (17-27%), height during fruiting (12-18%), flower diameter (14-24%), leaf blade diameter (11-26%) are characterized by low and medium variability, both within the population and at the inter-population level. In the phenological aspect, the species begins to grow in the first half of April. Blooms from mid-April to early May. Bears fruit from the second half of May to early June. The complete end of vegetation falls at the end of September. Analysis of biological activity of stem extracts and leaves of P. patens of Kazakhstan population showed that they have pronounced fungicidal properties in relation to conditionally pathogenic yeast Candida parapsilosis and molds Aspergillus niger. Water decoction P. patens was also active against Escherichia coli, indicating that it has antibacterial properties.
Bioprospecting of bacterial symbionts of sponge Spongia officinalis from Savu Sea, Indonesia for antibacterial potential against multidrug-resistant bacteria MUHAMMAD EVY PRASTIYANTO; APRILIA INDRA KARTIKA; SRI DARMAWATI; OCKY KARNA RADJASA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230256

Abstract

Abstract. Prastiyanto ME, Kartika AI, Darmawati S, Radjasa OK. 2022. Bioprospecting of bacterial symbionts of sponge Spongia officinalis from Savu Sea, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia for antibacterial potential against multidrug-resistant bacteria. Biodiversitas 23: 1118-1124. Marine sponge Spongia sp. has been reported to have potential as an antibacterial agent. However, less information on the potential of bacterial symbionts of Spongia sp. as an antibacterial agent has been documented. The present investigation involves isolating bacterial symbionts of sponge Spongia officinalis and the characterization of antibacterial potential against multidrug-resistant bacteria isolated from clinical specimens. Spongia officinalis was collected from Savu Sea, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia and its symbionts were isolated with Zobell marine agar media. The overlay method was used to screen the antibacterial activity against selected six MDR bacteria. Antibacterial activity was determined by measuring the diameter of the inhibition zone. Identification of active bacterial symbionts was carried out based on the 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results revealed that four out of 10 symbionts showed antibacterial activity against MDR bacteria with an inhibition index ranging from 4.8 to 12.6 mm. Prastiyanto-1A and Prastiyanto-1E isolates demonstrated antibacterial activity against ESBL- Escherichia coli and ESBL + CRE- Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae, Pratiyanto-2A isolate showed antibacterial activity against MRSA, while Prastiyanto-4A isolates showed antibacterial activity against CRPA. The selected four isolates were identified as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus mojavensis and Bacillus simplex using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and BLASTn analysis. These results provide information about the potential of bacterial symbionts of S. officinalis as natural antibacterial sources against MDR bacteria.
Composition and diversity of tree species after fire disturbance in a lowland tropical forest in East Kalimantan, Indonesia ATSUSHI SAKAI; ARBAIN ARBAIN; SUGIARTO SUGIARTO; KUSUMA RAHMAWATI; EDI MIRMANTO; MASAYOSHI TAKAHASHI; AKIRA UEDA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 3 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230348

Abstract

Abstract. Sakai A, Arbain, Sugiarto, Rahmawati K, Mirmanto E, Takahashi M, Ueda A. 2022. Composition and diversity of tree species after fire disturbance in a lowland tropical forest in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 1576-1587. Lowland dipterocarp forests in East Kalimantan have suffered severe forest fires after prolonged drought at least twice in recent decades. We investigated species richness, stand structure and species composition in Sungai Wain Protection Forest using circle plots (each 0.04 ha) along multiple long transects (0.5 - 4.5 km long) from the edge to the interior of this forest. The impact of forest fires remained in the form of significantly smaller tree sizes in burnt areas, although species richness and the number of stems appeared to be recovering. NMDS (non-metric multidimensional scaling) ordination revealed that the species composition of burnt areas was still considerably different from that of intact forest. However, nearly 20 years have elapsed, suggesting that it takes a long time for species composition to recover, if at all. The species composition was affected by the basal area ratio of pioneer trees, the basal area ratio of dipterocarp trees and maximum diameter at breast height, in order of its strength. Distance from the edge of the Protection Forest also had a minor effect on species composition, suggesting that forest fires had damaged marginal areas of the forest.
Diversity of flies (Diptera: Brachycera) in breeding farms in the Kabylia region (North-central Algeria), and identification of some myiaseginic species Ouiza Ourrad; Djamila Sadoudi-Ali Ahmed; Sid-Ali Sadou; Khadidja Bouzrarf; Boutaïna Belqat
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 5 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230505

Abstract

Abstract. Ourrad O, Ahmed DSA, Sadou SA, Bouzrarf K, Belqat B. 2022. Diversity of flies (Diptera: Brachycera) in breeding farms in the Kabylia region (North-central Algeria), and identification of some myiaseginic species. Biodiversitas 23: 2276-2284. This work provides the first checklist of the flies (Insecta: Diptera) present in breeding farms located in the south Mediterranean region of Kabylia, Algeria. A new inventory of 26 species (631 individuals) of flies belonging to 15 genera and 8 families was presented from five sites with different altitudes (245 m - 1041 m) in the Kabylia region. Of them, eight species (Calliphora vicina, C. vomitoria, Lucilia sericata, L. ampullacea, Sarcophaga africa, S. carnaria, Musca domestica, and Fannia canicularis) are epidemiological, pathogenic agents of various animal and human myiasis. The fly fauna was found at varying frequencies in the five sites located at different altitudes. Besides, a negative correlation was observed between the altitude of the farms and fly distribution. The results of the PCA and FCA analysis offered better discrimination of the fly species according to the variation of the environmental parameters.
Exploration non-symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria from several lakes in East Java, Indonesia WARDATUN NAFISAH; SITORESMI PRABANINGTYAS; AGUNG WITJORO; RINA TRITURANI SAPTAWATI; ACHMAD RODIANSYAH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 4 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230405

Abstract

Abstract. Nafisah W, Prabaningtyas S, Witjoro A, Saptawati RT, Rodiansyah A. 2022. Exploration non-symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria from several lakes in East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 1752-1758. Potential microorganisms, mainly nitrogen-fixing bacteria spread in almost lake areas in East Java. The biogeochemical processes that occur between biotic-biotic or biotic-abiotic factors can accelerate the growth of autotrophic microorganisms in waters as like microalgae. Non-symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the water can supply nitrogen to support the growth of microalgae. This study is aimed to explore and calculate the ammonium concentration produced by non-symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria that isolated from several lakes in East Java. The highest ammonium producing bacteria were characterized based on morphology, physiology, and genetic with 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The bacterial isolates were screened with a nitrogen-free bromothymol blue medium to select bacterial isolates capable of fixing nitrogen. The content of NH3/NH4 was produced by isolates of nitrogen-fixing bacteria was measured by using the prodac test kit NH3/NH4. The ammonium concentration was calculated with Nessler’s reagent by using the spectrophotometry method at a wavelength of 425 nm. The result was obtained 31 isolates of non-symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria. The bacterial isolate B2 exhibited highest activity of fixing nitrogen that produced ammonium (14.46 mg/L) among the other screened bacteria. The morphological and physiological characterization from that isolate was identified as genus Bacillus, whereas the genetic characterization similar to Bacillus paramycoides, that included in the Bacillus cereus group.
Extraction and characterization of sodium alginate from three brown algae collected from Sanur Coastal Waters, Bali as biopolymer agent ANAK AGUNG AYU PUTRI PERMATASARI; I WAYAN ROSIANA; PUTU ANGGA WIRADANA; MIA DWI LESTARI; NI KOMANG WIDIASTUTI; SETYO BUDI KURNIAWAN; I GEDE WIDHIANTARA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 3 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230357

Abstract

Abstract. Permatasari AAAP, Rosiana IW, Wiradana PA, Lestari MD, Widiastuti NK, Kurniawan SB, Widhiantara IG. 2022. Extraction and characterization of sodium alginate from three brown algae collected from Sanur Coastal Waters, Bali as biopolymer agent. Biodiversitas 23: 1655-1663. Sodium alginate extracted algae are gaining attention as alternative biopolymer materials. This research aimed to extract and characterize the natrium alginate from three brown algae obtained from Sanur Beach, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. Alginate extraction was carried out using acid hydrolysis by Na2CO3 with further purification using isopropyl alcohol. Physicochemical characterization was carried out using FT-IR. The results showed that Sargassum aquifolium and Turbinaria ornata had higher yields (%) than Padina australis (P<0.05). There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in water content, protein content, fat content and pH of the three brown algae. Overall, these three types of brown algae have values ??that are close to the sodium alginate standard set by the Food Chemical Codex (FCC), except for the results of Padina australis in the yield parameter. The functional group Na which is characteristic of sodium alginate is present in all alginate isomers, but there are some functional groups that are still not available in the extraction process in this study based on FT-IR analysis. These findings indicate that sodium alginate extracts from various types of brown algae have specific characteristics as defined by the Food Chemical Codex (FCC) and show great potential to be used as biopolymer materials, especially in the biomedical field.

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