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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,315 Documents
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Assessing the seagrasses meadows status and condition: A case study of Wori Seagrass Meadows, North Sulawesi, Indonesia CALVYN FREDRIK ALDUS SONDAK; ERLY YOSEF KALIGIS
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 4 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230451

Abstract

Abstract. Sondak CFA, Kaligis EY. 2022. Assessing the seagrasses meadows status and condition: A case study of Wori Seagrass Meadows, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 2156-2166. Seagrass meadows play an important role in the coastal ecosystem through the services they provide, however, they are one of the most threatened ecosystems in the coastal environment due to anthropogenic influences and rapid environmental changes. Seagrass meadows extent is not validated and the health condition is left unmonitored and unreported. In Indonesia, the information about the current status of seagrass meadows’ extent and health conditions is limited. We assess the seagrass meadow abundance, status, and health condition. We provide information about species abundance, density threats, and the health status of seagrass meadows in North Sulawesi, Indonesia, particularly in Wori District. This district has a vast extent of seagrass meadows but has been affected by the expansion of the industrial/tourism area within the region. This study found that seagrass meadows’ coverages were moderate, but their health status was unhealthy. Six seagrass species are found in this area, including Enhalus acoroides (L.f.) Royle, Thalassia hemprichii (Ehrenb.) Aschers, Cymodocea rotundata (Asch. & Schweinf.), Halodule pinifolia (Miki) Hartog, Halophila ovalis (R.Br.) Hook. F., and Syringodium isoetifolium (Asch.) Dandy. Our results highlight the communities’ activities, including gleaning, boat propeller, anchoring, mooring, sedimentation, and the effects of climate change on the environment as factors that could affect seagrass meadows' extent and health condition in the study sites.
Whole-genome analysis of Bacillus subtilis G8 isolated from natto DIKSON DIKSON; HANS VICTOR; DELVIN JONG; ASTIA SANJAYA; ARIELA SAMANTHA; JUANDY JO; REINHARD PINONTOAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 3 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230313

Abstract

Abstract. Dikson, Victor H, Jong D, Sanjaya A, Samantha A, Jo J, Pinontoan R. 2022. Whole-genome analysis of Bacillus subtilis G8 isolated from natto. Biodiversitas 23: 1293-1300. Bacillus subtilis-fermented soy-based food is associated with multiple health benefits. Various bacterial strains have been isolated from it, includingB. subtilisG8, recent isolation from Japanese natto commercially available in Indonesia. Both 16S rRNA gene sequencing and fibrinolytic activity characterization have been performed and published in prior studies. After comparison to the genome of a natto-isolated reference strain (i.e., B. subtilisBEST195), the B. subtilis G8 genome showed a similar guanine-cytosine (GC) content, predicted number of coding sequences (CDS) and predicted number of tRNA genes, but had a shorter sequence length and fewer predicted rRNA genes. Further analysis using multiple genome alignment with Mauve, average nucleotide identity (ANI) matrix calculation, and phylogenetic inference indicated that B. subtilis G8 was more related to natto-derived B. subtilis than to cheonggukjang-derived B. subtilis and B. subtilis 168. Finally, sequence analyses of a gene encoding nattokinase as well as two genes regulating poly-gamma-glutamic acid (?-PGA) production in B. subtilis G8, B. subtilis BEST195 and B. subtilis 168 clearly indicated that B. subtilis G8 is able to produce nattokinase and ?-PGA, which both contribute to natto’s fermentation process. Therefore, it is proposed that B. subtilis G8 should be reclassified as B. subtilis subsp. natto G8 to reflect that it is a natto-derived B. subtilis strain.
Community structure of dragonflies (Odonata) in Gunung Bromo’s Forest Area with Special Purpose (FASP), Karanganyar, Central Java, Indonesia AYU ASTUTI; IKE NURJUITA NAYASILANA; SUGIYARTO SUGIYARTO; AGUNG BUDIHARJO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 5 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230529

Abstract

Abstract. Astuti A, Nayasilana IN, Sugiyarto, Budiharjo A. 2022. Community structure of dragonflies (Odonata) in Gunung Bromo’s Forest Area with Special Purpose (FASP), Karanganyar, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 2493-2501. Dragonflies are one component of biodiversity in Indonesia, which function both as predators and bioindicators of water quality. Dragonfly habitat is widespread ranging from highland forest areas, lowland forests, reservoirs, lakes, rivers, swamps, and rice fields to settlements. One location that becomes dragonfly habitat is in the Gunung Bromo’s Forest Area with Special Purpose (FASP), Karanganyar, Central Java, Indonesia. This study aims to determine the community structure and habitat preferences of dragonflies in Gunung Bromo’s FASP. Data resulting from this study is expected used as a database for Gunung Bromo’s FASP managing. The study was conducted along the Bamban river which is located in the Gunung Bromo’s FASP area, in June-July 2019. Dragonflies were collected in 14 observation stations. At each observation, station transects were 100 m in length and 10 m in width. Data collection included the dragonflies species, the individual numbers, and environmental factors both abiotic and biotic factors. Data analysis included the diversity, evenness, dominance and similarity of dragonfly species. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to determine the dragonfly abundance pattern and Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) was applied to determine the relationship between dragonflies and their environmental factors. The results showed there were 23 species of dragonflies in the Gunung Bromo’s FASP with a diversity index of 1.96. PCA results indicate the abundance of dragonflies is not much different in each species. Meanwhile, CCA results show almost of the dragonflies in the Gunung Bromo’s FASP are influenced by abiotic and biotic factors, except on Orthetrum sabina and Copera marginipes. They are assumed have unspecific habitat preferences.
Short Communication: Correlation of flowering phenology and heat unit of forest cloves (Syzygium obtusifolium) at different elevations in Maluku Province, Indonesia MARWAN YANI KAMSURYA; AMBO ALA; YUNUS MUSA; RAFIUDDIN RAFIUDDIN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 11 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d231107

Abstract

Abstract. Kamsurya MY, Ala A, Musa Y, Rafiuddin. 2022. Short Communication: Correlation of flowering phenology and heat unit of forest cloves (Syzygium obtusifolium) at different elevations in Maluku Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 5593-5599. The phenology and heat unit of the forest clove (Syzygium obtusifolium L.) are important parameters for the efficient maintenance of this plant. This study aimed to describe phenological flowering stages (PFS) and calculate growing degree days for different PFS, which will have a big impact on crop management and understanding the impact of climate variables on crucial phenological events. The research was conducted in Ambon, Maluku Province, Indonesia, for 16 months, from January 2020 to May 2021. Five sample points at different elevations were determined purposively, i.e: Halasi (6 m above sea level (m asl)), Tibang (11 m asl), Oli (125 m asl), Wanat (175 m asl), and Telaga Kodok (214 m asl). The phenology of flowering is separated into 6 stages: the flowering primordia, the appearance of the flower stalk, the perfect flower stalk, the appearance of the flower bud, the flower is fully formed, and the flower starts to bloom. The results showed that the phenological cycle of the forest clove plant was flowering periodically for 365 days. The average temperature of PFS (29oC) in Halasi was higher compared to other locations. It indicates that the lower the altitude, the faster the flowering period. This study found significant correlations between altitude and PFS, except flower stalks appear and flowers will appear. The phenology of clove plants is influenced by the accumulation of heat units, with the highest heat unit value in the flowers start to bloom stage, ranging from 2,983.23 dayso (Telaga Kodok) to 3,128.84 dayso (Halasi). As elevation increases, the number of heat units decreases, so the PFS is delayed. The primordial phase in Halasi appears in August-September while at Telaga Kodok in December.
The rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) chromosomes IMANOVTA ICHTI SANTOSO PUTRI; ENDANG YUNIASTUTI; PARJANTO PARJANTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 4 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230455

Abstract

Abstract. Putri IIS, Yuniastuti E, Parjanto. 2022. The rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) chromosomes. Biodiversitas 23: 2196-2202.  Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) is an annual plant with a wide distribution, it generates this plant to have diversity. The diversity is more often found in morphological characters, in this case, its genetics has not been discovered. The genetics of rambutan could also be indicated by its chromosome karyotype. This research was conducted using the squashing method. The genetic material used was four rambutan varieties which are: Ace, Binjai, Lebak Bulus, and Rapiah. For each variety, the study process will be repeated three times. The results of the study showed rambutan chromosome number in all varieties was 22 chromosomes (2n=22) with an average chromosome size of Ace was 1.777±0.363 µm, followed by Binjai was 1.477±0.392 µm, Lebak Bulus was 1.418±0.320 µm, and Rapiah was 1.443±0.315 µm, and the chromosome shape is metacentric. The karyotype formula obtained was 2n=2x=22=11m.
Increasing the diversity of marigold (Tagetes sp.) by acute and chronic chemical induced mutation of EMS (Ethyl Methane Sulfonate) DEWI YANNY LENAWATY; DEWI SUKMA; MUHAMAD SYUKUR; DEWA NGURAH SUPRAPTA; WARAS NURCHOLIS; SYARIFAH IIS AISYAH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 3 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230326

Abstract

Abstract. Lenawaty DY, Sukma D, Syukur M, Suprapta DN, Nurcholis W, Aisyah SI. 2022. Increasing the diversity of marigold (Tagetes sp.) by acute and chronic chemical induced mutation of EMS (Ethyl Methane Sulfonate). Biodiversitas 23: 1399-1407. Increasing the diversity of marigold (Tagetes sp.) can be carried out through chemical induction mutations with Ethyl Methane Sulfonate (EMS).This study aims to obtain the LC50value, determine the sensitivity level of plants, and obtain plant diversity of Tagetes sp.with EMS both acutely and chronically. The genetic material used in this study was derived from T. erecta genotype MG04 and T. patula genotype MG21. The acute mutation technique was performed by soaking the seeds in EMS concentration for 4 hours under 10 different concentration levels (0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, and 3.0%). The chronic mutation technique was carried out by diluting the concentration of EMS LC501/10x, 1/100x, 1/1000x and immersion time of 6 hours, 24 hours and 48 hours. The study used a Completely Randomized Block Design. Observationswere made on the percentage of surviving plants, quantitative and qualitative characters. The data obtained were analyzed using Boxplot and ANOVA. The results showed that the LC50 value of T. erecta is 0.82% and LC50of T. patula is 1.87%, which means that the sensitivity level of T. erecta to EMS treatment is quite higher than T. patula. The acute application method shows a relatively low mutation rate and limited diversity of flower types. The chronic application method produced various flower shapes and whiter flower color in T. erectaand T. patula resulting in a redder flower color than the acute application method.
Fish behavior based on the effect of variations in oceanographic condition variations in FADs Area of Bone Bay Waters, Sulawesi, Indonesia Arham Rumpa; Najamuddin Najamuddin; Safruddin Safruddin; Muhammad Abduh Ibnu Hajar
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 4 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230421

Abstract

Abstract. Rumpa A, Najamuddin, Safruddin, Hajar MAI. 2022. Fish behavior based on the effect of variations in oceanographic condition variations in FADs Area of Bone Bay Waters, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 1875-1883. Fish behavior is the response of fish to conditions existing in their environment. One of the causes is oceanographic factors, which can affect the schooling movement of fish. This study aimed to identify the schooling behavior of fish based on the influence of oceanographic variations in the Fish Aggregating Device (FADs) area. Study took place from March to September 2021 in Bone Bay Waters, Indonesia. The type of research was experimental fishing with an acoustic approach for 57 times. Parameters observed were current velocity, current direction, and water temperature to the distance of schooling fish from FADs vertically and horizontally in the afternoon, evening, night, and early morning. The behavioral data of fish species were namely Decapterus russelli. The results showed namely the variation in current velocity affected the horizontal distance; variation in the direction of currents affected the horizontal distribution distance, while the water temperature affected the vertical schooling of fish. In the operation of fishing gear, especially in the early morning, in terms of the concentration pattern of schooling fish under FADs. The ideal current velocity was in the range of 0.2-0.29 [m s-1], while the ideal current direction is direct current was at the angle of 0°-60°. The schooling of fish approached to the surface and was concentrated under FADs at >30°C. Understanding on the distribution of horizontal and vertical movements and the time of concentration of fish schooling at the central point of FADs due to oceanographic variations will facilitate the effectiveness of fishing gear operation.
Assessing the relationship between biodiversity conservation and slow food culture in selected protected areas in Albania Spase Shumka; ENKELEDA BERBERI; MANJOLA KULICI; SUADA MUÇAJ; FLORJAN VLADI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 3 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230316

Abstract

Abstract. Shumka S, Berberi E, Kulici M, Muçaj S, Vladi F. 2022. Assessing the relationship between biodiversity conservation and slow food culture in selected protected areas in Albania. Biodiversitas 23: 1319-1326. Information on the knowledge, uses, and abundance of natural resources in protected areas can provide insight into conservation status and strategies in these locations and human attitudes. The slow-food concept is introduced to accommodate agriculture and food production with strong consideration on environment sustainability, biodiversity conservation and social justice. This paper investigates the slow food knowledge, perception, and contribution to nature conservation in Albania's five protected areas. The performed work is based on a field survey and structured questionnaire aiming to link the current stands within slow food, biodiversity conservation and perceptions of the tourism sector in the protected areas. Our integrated analysis found that the coverage of food biodiversity items related to slow food culture that are relevant to prescribed management plans of the protected areas was at the low level from 4-9 out of 17 considered categories. This was directly related to the low level of conservation at the mid-term assessment that varied from 0 to 62% of originally planned ones. The data also confirmed that the visitors were imposed to a situation of readiness for paying extra for the consumption of the locally based product (i.e., in line with slow food concept) within a specific protected area with their response ranging from 0 to 18%. The information can be used towards generating sustainable use and conservation plans that are appropriate for the local communities and protected areas.
Short Communication: Molecular identification and assessment of bacterial contamination of frozen local and imported meat and chicken in Basrah, Iraq using 16S rDNA gene ANSAM JASIM MOHAMMAD; NASSIR ABDULLAH ALYOUSIF
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 3 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230350

Abstract

Abstract. Mohammad AJ, Alyousif NA. 2022. Short Communication: Molecular identification and assessment of bacterial contamination of frozen local and imported meat and chicken in Basrah, Iraq using 16S rDNA gene. Biodiversitas 23: 1598-1604. Meat is the main food source of daily meals with highly beneficial effects on human health. It is susceptible to the growth and reproduction of various bacteria due to its composition, which leads to its spoilage, and being an important carrier of pathogenic bacteria. The study aimed to isolate and identify the bacteria contamination of frozen local and imported meat and chicken samples using 16S rDNA gene. Twenty meat samples were collected randomly from local and imported meat sold in markets of Basrah province, Iraq. The results showed that the total aerobic bacteria count was within acceptable limits in all samples. Fifty-seven bacterial isolates were isolated and identified by amplification and sequencing of 16S rDNA gene, where the gram-positive bacteria were the most abundant 34(59.6%), and S. pasteuri is the most common species in the samples with 14 (24%) bacterial isolates out of the total isolates. Fifteen isolates were identified as new strains and their sequences were deposited at GenBank (NCBI) under different accession numbers (MZ964582-MZ964596). The meat and chicken have many bacteria on their surface, therefore the products must be frozen, and sanitary precautions should be taken into consideration.
Molecular and morpho-physiological identification of yellow leaf curl disease of cucumber in Salatiga, Indonesia THERESA D. KURNIA; AZIZ PURWANTORO; SRI SULANDARI; PANJISAKTI BASUNANDA; AGUS B. SETIAWAN; YENI FATMAWATI; IGNATIUS P. ANDIKA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 3 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230334

Abstract

Abstract. Kurnia TD, Purwantoro A, Sulandari S, Basunanda P, Setiawan AB, Fatmawati Y, Andika IP. 2022. Molecular and morpho-physiological identification of yellow leaf curl disease of cucumber in Salatiga, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 1466-1474. Plant viruses are a limiting factor in Indonesian cucumber production. However, because numerous viruses generate identical symptoms on infected plants across cucumber cultivars, identify the virus discovered in the field. The management of virus diseases on plants is dependent on accurately identifying symptoms associated with certain viruses among cucumber cultivars and evaluating possible insect vectors. Because there have been several reports of infected viruses on cucumbers, generating resistant cultivars, identifying phenotypic and physiological disorders, and probable insect vectors are all important aspects of plant disease management. This study aimed to determine the virus and putative insect vectors of yellow leaf curl disease and its symptoms, including morphology and physiology disorders in cucumber cultivars. Common symptoms found included curling, yellow spots, malformed shapes, mortality from severely infested leaves, yellowing, and malformed cucumbers, with occurrences varying among cucumber cultivars. Curling and yellow spots were found on >70% samples of all tested cultivars. Virus infection affected agronomic features and fruit characteristics differently depending on cucumber cultivars. Molecular detection confirmed that polerovirus infected plants and insects tested also carried the Polerovirus. This study provides initial information on monitoring various infection stages of yellow curling disease and potential insect vectors of this disease that will later be useful to synthesize effective management practice in the future.

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