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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,315 Documents
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Locating the unique biodiversity of Balikpapan Bay as an ecotourism attraction in East Kalimantan, Indonesia Karnila Willard; Marlon I Aipassa; Mustofa Agung Sardjono; Rujehan RUJEHAN; YOSEP RUSLIM; Rochadi Kristiningrum
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 5 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230512

Abstract

Abstract. Willard K, Aipassa MI, Sardjono MA, Rujehan, Ruslim Y, Kristiningrum R. 2022. Locating the unique biodiversity of Balikpapan Bay as an ecotourism attraction in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 2342-2357. Balikpapan Bay is rich in biodiversity and natural beauty that present unique opportunities for the developing ecotourism industry in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. This study aimed to identify biodiversity hotspots with potential as ecotourism attractions. Four field surveys by boat, each survey taking between 10 to 22 hours duration, tracked the river and tidal flow through the Bay, recording highlights of biodiversity at 19 defined observation points. The study results recorded observations on five species listed in the IUCN protected species classification, namely: Lesser Adjutant Stork (Leptoptilos javanicus) - classified as a Vulnerable species; Proboscis Monkey (Nasalis larvatus), Irrawaddy Dolphin (Orcaella brevirostris) and Green Turtle (Chelonia mydas) - classified as Endangered species; and the Hawksbill Turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) - classified as Critically Endangered. In addition, details were recorded of a unique variant of the mangrove species Rhizophora apiculata, with leaves that have a vibrant yellow color instead of the usual green. Combined with great views, including at night when there are enchanting displays of Fireflies (Lampyridae) on several riverbanks, the biodiversity of the waterways results in Balikpapan Bay having great potential as an ecotourism destination. Therefore, this study provides useful input to relevant agencies charged with responsibility for conserving and managing the natural resources of the Bay for the benefit of communities who stand to gain economically from developing this ecotourism potential.
Proline-related gene expressions contribute to physiological changes of East Nusa Tenggara (Indonesia) local rice cultivars during drought stress YUSTINA CAROLINA FEBRIANTI SALSINHA; SITI NURBAITI; ALFINO SEBASTIAN; DIDIK INDRADEWA; YEKTI ASIH PURWESTRI; DIAH RACHMAWATI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 7 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230734

Abstract

Abstract. Salsinha YCF, Nurbaiti S, Sebastian A, Indradewa D, Purwestri YA, Rachmawari D. 2022. Proline-related gene expressions contribute to physiological changes of East Nusa Tenggara (Indonesia) local rice cultivars during drought stress. Biodiversitas 23: 3573-3583. An osmoregulation response is one of the mechanisms of adaptation to drought stress. Concerning the synthesis and catabolism of proline as an osmoprotectant, this research aims to study the involvement of proline in regulating physiological change in local rice cultivars from Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT), Indonesia. Five rice cultivars consisting of Ciherang (drought susceptible) and Situ Bagendit (drought tolerant) and three local rice cultivars, namely Gogo Jak (GJ), Kisol Manggarai (KM), and Boawae Seratus Malam (BSM) were used. Drought treatments were carried out using the fraction of transpirable soil water (FTSW) with control (FTSW 1) and severe drought (FTSW 0.2). The upregulation of OsP5CS and OsP5CR as proline synthesis genes in GJ leaves led to higher proline levels. At the KM cultivar, there was an upregulation of OsPRODH related to proline catabolism. Furthermore, OsNHX1, responsible for proline transport, was higher in the GJ cultivar. The presence of proline also correlated with physiological adaptations. Proline accumulation due to the activation of proline-related gene expressions caused less physiological changes and antioxidant activity reduction and has led to maximum water absorption during a severe drought in the BSM cultivar. The analysis showed non-significant decreased levels of chlorophyll-a and increased levels of chlorophyll-b, carotenoids, and anthocyanins of drought-tolerant cultivars lead to higher leaf number, plant height, and tiller number under drought. Meanwhile, varied activity levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and catalase (CAT) were observed in line with the slight increase in H2O2 and malonaldehyde (MDA) levels during severe drought.
Taxonomy and ethnobotany of Acmella (Asteraceae) in Thailand PRATEEP PANYADEE; ANGKHANA INTA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 4 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230453

Abstract

Abstract. Panyadee P, Inta A. 2022. Taxonomy and ethnobotany of Acmella (Asteraceae) in Thailand. Biodiversitas 23: 2177-2183. Thai toothache plant is an ethno-species, referred to as any species in the genus Acmella of the aster family (Asteraceae). The plants are used commonly in Thailand as vegetables and medicine. However, in earlier phytochemistry and ethnobotanical studies, missed scientific names: Acmella olearcea and Spilanthes acmella, were applied to these species. In this study, we have clarified the identity of these ethno-species and related species in the genus Acmella. There were six species of Acmella in Thailand, including two native species and four introduced species. The keys and brief description of these species are provided. In ethnobotanical studies, A. oleracea and S. acmella were mentioned as nearly 80% of total use records. These names could be referred to A. paniculata which is one of the native species and most widely distributed. Although there were a reasonable amount of studies on the Thai toothache plant, more comparative studies for their bioactivities are still needed according to the taxonomical confusion of their names.
Identification, genetic diversity, and comparative evolution of the striped snakehead Channa striata (Bloch, 1793) in Wallacea, Indonesia IRMAWATI IRMAWATI; MEIMULYA MEIMULYA; ASMI CITRA MALINA A. R. TASSAKKA; NADIARTI NADIARTI; NITA RUKMINASARI; INCE AYU KHAIRANA KADRIAH; HASAN NASRULLAH; ALIMUDDIN ALIMUDDIN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 7 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230703

Abstract

Abstract. Irmawati, Meimulya, Tassakka ACMAR, Nadiarti, Rukminasari N, Kadriah IAK, Nasrullah H, Alimuddin. 2022. Identification, genetic diversity, and comparative evolution of the striped snakehead Channa striata (Bloch, 1793) in Wallacea, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 3327-3337. Striped snakehead, Channa striata populations have declined in some areas of Wallacea. This study aimed to identify the species, analyze the genetic diversity, and trace the evolutionary relationships of snakeheads in the Wallacea region with snakeheads in other geographic areas. This study was identifying all specimens in this study as C. striata. The Wallacean C. striata sequences comprised three haplotypes with five polymorphic sites (single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs). No mutations were detected in the COI nucleotides of C. striata in the Tempe Lake complex, Patampanua River, and Bojo River; therefore, they belonged to the same haplotype. The C. striata from the Tangkoli tertiary drainage had unique haplotypes that differed from other C. striata haplotypes. The intraspecific genetic distance within C. striata was low while the interspecific genetic distance within the genus Channa was quite large, indicating that mutation rates are quite high in the genus Channa. Haplotype evolution showed that C. striata in Wallacea shared a common ancestral pathway with C. striata in Kalimantan, Java, and Bali and had a different ancestral pathway with C. striata in Lampung (Sumatra). The nucleotide composition of the C. striata COI gene followed the general pattern of the Teleostei and the Pisces superclass (T>C>A>G) with the G+C base percentage lower than the A+T percentage. The data from this study will be useful as a basis for designing germplasm conservation strategies and designing strategies to maintain C. striata populations and develop strains to meet future needs.
Bird diversity in three Ficus species in the Kuningan Lowland Forest, West Java, Indonesia YAYAN HENDRAYANA; EMING SUDIANA; ILHAM ADHYA; AGUS YADI ISMAIL
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 5 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230502

Abstract

Abstract. Hendrayana Y, Sudiana E, Adhya I, Ismail AY. 2022. Bird diversity in three Ficus species in the Kuningan Lowland Forest, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 2255-2261. Frugivorous birds are an important group in tropical forests, as they promote a wide diversity of plant species and animal communities via tree seed dispersal. The presence of these avifauna depends on food, such as fruits provided by Ficus spp. This study examined the diversity of birds in three species of fruiting Ficus trees located in a secondary, natural lowland forest in Mount Tilu, Kuningan, West Java, Indonesia. Bird numbers in Ficus benjamina L., Ficus sinuata Thunb., and Ficus kurzii King were determined using the concentration count method. The data were analyzed using the Shannon–Wiener diversity index (H?), evenness index (E), and dominance index (Simpson’s D). The results showed diversity index values of H´ = 2.255, E = 0.353, and D = 0.8342 for F. benjamina; H? = 2.305, E = 0.5014, and D = 0.8376 for F. sinuata; and H? = 2.305, E = 0.5014, and D = 0.8694 for F. kurzii. The bird species with the highest number of individuals was Pycnonotus simplex Lesson, 1839 (378 individuals, 20.8%), followed by Megalaima australis (Horsfield, 1821) (320, 17.7%), Pericrocotus flammeus (J.R.Forster, 1781) (203, 11.2%), Dicaeum trigonostigma (Scopoli, 1786) (116, 6.4%) and Pycnonotus melanicterus (Gmelin, 1789) (109, 6,01%). By (Horsfield, 1821) knowing the important role of ficus trees as a source of food for various species of birds, this information becomes important and can be used by forest managers to support biodiversity conservation, especially bird conservation.
Short Communication: Biological control agent for Spodoptera litura on vegetable plants NURHAYATI DAMIRI; YULIA PUJIASTUTI; Mulawarman Mulawarman; DESSY TRI ASTUTI; SITI RAKHMI AFRIANI; SUPLI EFFENDI RAHIM
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 5 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230543

Abstract

Abstract. Damiri N, Pujiastuti Y, Mulawarman, Astuti DT, Afriani SR, Rahim SE. 2022. Short Communication: Biological control agent for Spodoptera litura on vegetable plants. Biodiversitas 23: 2609-2613. This study aimed to assess the population dynamics of Bacillus thuringiensis and its potency as a bio-agent against Spodoptera litura. The field study was conducted in Musi Banyuasin District, South Sumatra, Indonesia. Isolation and exploration of B. thuringiensis were carried out by taking the soil around the roots or rhizosphere of the fruit plants. The results showed that 13 isolates of B. thuringiensis, i.e., 1 isolate from Lansium domesticum (D1), 3 isolates from Artocarpus heterophyllus (N1,2,3), 1 isolate from Averrhoa carambola (B1), 4 isolates from Nephelium lappaceum (R1,2,3,4), 1 isolate from Musa paradisiaca (P1), 1 isolate from Mangifera indica (M1), 1 isolate from Garcinia mangostana (M2) and 1 isolate from Psidium guajava (JB1) were isolated from the rhizosphere of various fruit tree. The screening test results showed that isolates R2 and R3 had the highest toxicity, i.e., 51.14 and 50.77%, respectively, in controlling S. litura on vegetable plants.
Acclimation study of Smilax nageliana A.DC., a climber species endemic to East Java, Indonesia SITI SOFIAH; LUCHMAN HAKIM; SERAFINAH INDRIYANI; IYAN ROBIANSYAH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 8 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230828

Abstract

Abstract. Sofiah S, Hakim L, Indriyani S, Robiansyah I. 2022. Acclimation study of Smilax nageliana A.DC., a climber species endemic to East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 4082-4089. Smilax L. species, popularly known in Indonesia as Canar, belong to the family Smilacaceae and have been used in folk medicine as a tonic against rheumatism and as anti-syphilitic. Smilax nageliana A.DC is an endemic plant to East Java, Indonesia which is only distributed in Ranu Darungan, Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park (BTSNP), and Mt. Kawi. In the effort for its conservation and sustainable management, information regarding the adaptation of S. nageliana to a new environment is necessary. The aim of this study was to investigate the acclimation of S. nageliana under three different treatments, namely (i) in hood application in a greenhouse; (ii) in its natural habitat under shade; (iii) in natural habitat in the open area. Each treatment had ten replications. Survival and growth performance were observed for six months in terms of survival rates, number of new shoots, shoot length, number of leaves and chlorophyll content. Environment factors were also measured including solar intensity, temperature, humidity and water content. Data were analyzed using a two-way Anova. The principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to determine the relationships between environmental components and S. nageliana acclimation performance. The result showed that S. nageliana had a one hundred percent survival rate in the hood application and natural habitat with shade. The best growth performances (i.e., shoot length, the number of leaves, shoots per root and chlorophyll content) were achieved under the hood application. The average temperature was quite influential on the first component (PC1), followed by solar intensity while water affected the second component (PC2). The findings of this study suggest that where sunlight/solar intensity and humidity were controlled, it gave the most optimal results for acclimation of S. nageliana.
Ethnopharmacological documentation and molecular authentication of medicinal plants used by the Manobo and Mamanwa tribes of Surigao del Sur, Philippines VINCE ADRIAN D. ILAGAN; GRECEBIO JONATHAN D. ALEJANDRO; DAVID JEFFERSON B. PARAGUISON; SJHON MIGUEL W. PEROLINA; GABRIEL R. MENDOZA; ANDREI B. BOLINA; RUBY RATERTA; MARIANITA B. VALES; GIL JOSHUA D. SUAREZ; FREDDIE A. BLASCO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 6 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230646

Abstract

Abstract. Ilagan VAD, Alejandro GJD, Paraguison DJB, Perolina SMW, Mendoza GR, Bolina AB, Raterta R, Vales MB, Suarez GJD, Blasco FA. 2022. Ethnopharmacological documentation and molecular authentication of medicinal plants used by the Manobo and Mamanwa tribes of Surigao del Sur, Philippines. Biodiversitas 23: 3185-3202. Mindanao Island is renowned for its rich biodiversity and various ethnolinguistic groups with diverse histories and cultures. The Mamanwa and Manobo live in close proximity, resulting in merging beliefs and cultural practices. This study aims to assess the various medicinal plants using ethnopharmacological indices, determine their relationship to their users, and molecularly confirm unidentifiable plants used by the tribes. Ethnomedicinal data were gathered from 127 key informants representing both tribes through semi-structured interviews. Family Importance Value (FIV) and Use Value (UV) were quantified and revealed a total of 48 species utilized by both tribes belonging to 26 families and 42 genera. These plants are used in 32 diseases within 10 categories, and the most utilized family belongs to Apocynaceae (FIV= 20% for both tribes). Respiratory illness has the greatest contribution to the utilization of medicinal plants (ICF= 0.92, 42%). The most utilized plant part is the leaves and mainly prepared by decoction and administered orally. Integrative molecular confirmation led to the identification of the 5 morphologically unidentifiable plants to be Elaeocarpus serratus Benth., Uncaria lanosa Wall., Aglaonema crispum (J.R. Pitcher & Manda) Nicolson, Canthium tetraphyllum Baill., and Timonous timon (Spreng.) Merr..
Diversity and species composition of ants at coffee agroforestry systems in East Java, Indonesia: Effect of habitat condition and landscape composition FAIZ NASHIRUDDIN MUHAMMAD; AKHMAD RIZALI; BAMBANG TRI RAHARDJO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 7 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230702

Abstract

Abstract. Muhammad FN, Rizali A, Rahardjo BT. 2022. Diversity and species composition of ants at coffee agroforestry systems in East Java, Indonesia: Effect of habitat condition and landscape composition. Biodiversitas 23: 3313-3321. Habitat condition and landscape composition are the main factors that shape biodiversity in agroecosystems. However, information on the effect of habitat conditions and landscape composition on biodiversity in agroforestry systems is lacking. Agroforestry systems possess habitats that are characterized by a high diversity of vegetation, that can support biodiversity both on the field or landscape scale. This research aimed to study the diversity and species composition of ants in coffee (Coffea spp.) agroforestry systems, and to investigate the effects of habitat conditions and landscape composition on ant communities. Field research was conducted in twelve coffee agroforestry systems in East Java, Indonesia. Ants were sampled with the fogging method for canopy ants and pitfall traps for ground-dwelling ants in 40 m x 30 m plots. In each location, habitat conditions aspects (such as cultural technique and tree age) were identified by interviews with farmers and vegetation observation. Meanwhile, landscape composition was characterized by ground checking and mapping the land-use type within a 500 m radius from plot centers. This research recorded 35 species and 4,622 individuals of ants from all coffee plantations. Dolichoderus thoracicus was the most dominant canopy ant, while Pheidole sp.2 was the most dominant ground-dwelling ant in all plantations. Based on the GLM analysis, different responses were found between canopy and ground-dwelling ants in relation to habitat conditions and landscape composition. Canopy and ground-dwelling ants were affected by habitat conditions (such as tree age and canopy cover). The species composition of ground-dwelling ants was also affected by habitat conditions. In conclusion, habitats in coffee plantations can affect ant communities with ground-dwelling ants being more sensitive than canopy ants. Meanwhile, landscape composition can affect the species richness of all ants and not affect each stratum (canopy and ground-dwelling ants).
Genetic diversity of Sterculia quadrifida from Kupang based on ISSR profiles, stomatal density, and chlorophyll content NUR JANNAH; MADE PHARMAWATI; USLAN USLAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 5 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230553

Abstract

Abstract. Jannah N, Pharmawati M, Uslan. 2022. Genetic diversity of Sterculia quadrifida from Kupang based on ISSR profiles, stomatal density, and chlorophyll content. Biodiversitas 23: 2690-2698. This study investigated the genetic diversity of Sterculia quadrifida R.Br.or faloak based on Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) molecular markers and determined stomatal density and chlorophyll content from several localities in Kupang District, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. For genetic diversity analysis, samples were collected from the Oelsonbai forest area of Maulafa Sub-district, Kupang City, whereas for stomatal density and chlorophyll content analysis, samples were collected from areas with various degrees of anthropogenic activity from Kupang city. DNA was isolated using Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB) method and amplified by three ISSR primers (UBC 811, UBC 812, and UBC 815), whereas stomatal density was observed using a microscope and chlorophyll content was determined using a spectrophotometer. Genetic data were analyzed using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) method and Nei & Li coefficient similarity in the MVSP software. A total of 78 ISSR bands ranging from 320-3200 bp were obtained, where populations were divided into four main clusters and six sub-clusters, similarly having moderate heterozygosity (He=0.50) not clustered based on their geographical distribution. There was a difference in stomatal density and chlorophyll content, probably influenced by anthropogenic disturbances. A conservation action plan is required to ensure the S. quadrifida's survival in the future.

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