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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,315 Documents
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Review: Types of socioecological production landscapes of the Philippines based on dominant biodiversity: status, problems and future directions INOCENCIO E. BUOT JR.; ANNE FRANCES V. BUHAY
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 7 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230752

Abstract

Abstract. Buot IE Jr, Buhay AFV. 2022. Review: Types of socioecological production landscapes of the Philippines based on dominant biodiversity: status, problems and future directions. Biodiversitas 23: 3755-3770. The dominance of human activities in socioecological production landscapes (SEPLs) known as biocultural landscapes in some literature, results in the overutilization of natural resources and loss of critically important biodiversity, either cultivated or wild. The anthropocentric perspective prevailing at this time of the Anthropocene Epoch, disrupts the traditional harmonious human-nature relationship in biocultural landscapes, particularly, the socioecological production landscapes (SEPLs) known as satoyama landscapes in Japan. This adversely affects biodiversity and hence, ecosystem services in surrounding communities in the Philippines and beyond. In this paper, SEPLs, biocultural landscape and satoyama are used interchangeably to refer to landscapes where human culture has greatly influenced the resulting biodiversity of a landscape. This study provides an overview of the SEPLs in the Philippine context. It reviews and furthers the inquiry in a previous study which identified examples of satoyama landscapes or SEPLs in the Philippines based on the main crop or dominant biodiversity. The objectives of the current paper are to present an updated list of SEPLs in the Philippines based on the main crop or dominant biodiversity; determine its status and problems; analyze its role in sustainable development and map future directions to sustain a harmonious human-nature relationship that would result to an abundance of biodiversity and overflowing ecosystem services. The local and international scientific literature on the status and problems of the identified SEPLs in the Philippines were reviewed. Results indicated that in addition to the three types identified by Buot and Osumi in 2004, nine more were included in this paper. The 12 SEPLs types identified were classified according to their main crop, namely: rice in muddy walled or stone-walled terraces; rice mixed with other crops; corn; vegetables, sweet potato, gabi/taro; cassava; coconut; coffee; cacao; tobacco; and rice-fish. These SEPLs contribute to various Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), either directly or indirectly. Incidentally, there are prevailing problems observed such as exploitation of natural resources due to the increasing population of migrants in the upland as a result of poverty. Simultaneously, the indigenous sustainable practices were weakened with the aging population while the youth showed a lack of interest in farming, leading to biodiversity loss and cultural erosion. Strategic actions including strengthening institutional partnerships, empowering indigenous communities, sustainable management of natural resources, and ensuring good governance and equitable sharing of resources are discussed. These steps will ensure biodiversity conservation and harmonious living in Philippine SEPLs.
An Algerian endemic species in danger to disappear due to pandemic, Origanum vulgare subsp. glandulosum (Desf.) Letsw IMENE ADOUANI; NACIRA BOULAACHEB
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 6 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230642

Abstract

Abstract. Adouani I, Boulaacheb N. 2022. An Algerian endemic species in danger to disappear due to pandemic, Origanum vulgare subsp. glandulosum (Desf.) Letsw. Biodiversitas 23: 3147-3155. Algeria is known for its rich flora, and the traditional use of medicinal plants is very ancient. The use of medicinal plants is extremely intensified during the COVID-19 pandemic. To enumerate the most used species by the Algerian population, two ethnobotanical surveys have been conducted from October to December 2021. Thirty herbalists were interviewed, and 165 respondents participated in an online survey. The results showed that a total of 25 species belonging to 16 botanical families had been reported to be used in different modes of preparation to prevent or treat the infection. One of the locally used species is Origanum vulgare subsp. glandulosum (Desf.) letsw. Generally, Algerians internally use this species as a tea or as a powder preparation with honey or only the powder with water to treat many health problems such as diarrhea, colds, coughs, respiratory infections, rheumatism, and menstrual symptoms. Otherwise, the powder of the plant is externally used alone or with olive oil to cure several illnesses such as rheumatism, and skin irritations. Due to the extensive use of this species during the pandemic, the demand in the market has increased, as also the price. Herbalists reported that they have received between 30-300 people affected or not by COVID-19 per day. The price went from 1500-5000 DA per kg (10.33-34.42 USD). Therefore, the increase rate is expected to be 50-80% for the demand, and 50-90% for the price. This increase in demand during COVID-19 has led to an exaggerated and random collection of species at different stages of the development of the plant. Although O. vulgare subsp. glandulosum is a common species, but it can be rare or even disappear due to the extensive collection without protective measures due to COVID-19. Therefore, it is important to engage policies for the conservation and cultivation of O. vulgare subsp. glandulosum.
Screening of phyllospheric and endophytic bacteria as biocontrol agents of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae TITA WIDJAYANTI; RESTU RIZKYTA KUSUMA; LUQMAN QURATA AINI; CINDY DIAH AYU FITRIANI; ANTOK WAHYU SEKTIONO; MOCHAMMAD SYAMSUL HADI; YOGO SETIAWAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 4 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240417

Abstract

Abstract. Widjayanti T, Kusuma RR, Aini LQ, Fitriani CDA, Sektiono AW, Hadi MS, Setiawan Y. 2023. Screening of phyllospheric and endophytic bacteria as biocontrol agents of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Biodiversitas 24: 2072-2079. The use of phyllospheric and endophytic bacteria as biocontrol agents may be an eco-friendly alternative strategy to control bacterial leaf blight of rice caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). This study aimed to evaluated the antagonistic potential of phyllospheric and endophytic bacteria against X. oryzae pv. oryzae. The phyllospheric and endophytic bacteria were isolated from organic rice fields in Tumpang Sub-district, Malang District, East Java, Indonesia. The pathogenicity of X. oryzae pv. oryzae was tested on rice plants by the leaf clipping inoculation method. In this study, eight combinations of phyllospheric bacteria (PB) and endophytic bacterial (EB) isolates were chosen based on the highest percentage of inhibition. Streptomycin (positive control) and distilled water (negative control) were also used as a treatment. Identification of selected phyllospheric and endophytic bacteria was carried out through morphological and molecular characteristics. In total, 181 of PB and 76 of EB were isolated from rice plants. Of these, 11 of PB and 13 of EB isolates had potential as antagonists, shown by inhibition zone. Among all treatments, P55+E15 combination showed the highest inhibition zone (83.49%), followed by P55+E27 (82.33%) and P55+E18 (80.98%). Based on morphological and molecular identification, P55, E15, E27, and E18 isolates were identified as Delftia lacustris, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, and Lysinibacillus fusiformis, respectively. The combination of D. lacustris (P55) and B. cereus (E15) can be used as a biocontrol agent against X. oryzae pv. oryzae based on in vitro assay.
Morphological and molecular characterization of mole crab (Genus: Emerita) in the Cilacap coastlines of Indonesia, with particular focus on genetic diversity of Emerita sp. nov. DIAN BHAGAWATI; AGUS NURYANTO; ELLY TUTY WINARNI; ANASTASIA ENDANG PULUNGSARI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 5 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230517

Abstract

Abstract.Bhagawati D, Nuryanto A, Winarni ET, Pulungsari AE. 2022. Morphological and molecular characterization of mole crab (Genus: Emerita) in the Cilacap coastlines of Indonesia, with particular focus on genetic diversity of Emerita sp. nov. Biodiversitas 23: 2395-2404. Previous studies reported Emerita emeritus is the only species of the Genus Emerita inhabiting the coastal ecosystem of the Cilacap District. A recent study reported the presence of suspected new Emerita species living on the Cilacap sandy beach but used a small number of specimens and no reports about genetic diversity. This study used more Emerita samples than the previous study. This study aimed to identify Emerita specimens based on the morphology and the cytochrome c oxidase 1 gene and analyzed the genetic diversity of Emerita sp. nov. Emerita samples were collected from three different beaches in Cilacap District, Central Java, Indonesia. Morphological identification placed the samples into two different morphotypes. Morphotype A was identified as Emerita emeritus. Morphotype B was determined as Emerita sp. nov. Molecular data support the placement of Emerita samples into Emerita emeritus, and Emeritasp. nov. Emeritasp. nov. has haplotype diversity of 0.857±0.057, indicating a high genetic diversity. Haplotype H2 was suggested as the most primitive one because other haplotypes radiated from it. This study concluded that two sympatric Emerita species inhabit Cilacap coastlines, and Emeritasp. nov. has high genetic diversity.
Identification and prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth eggs in Javan gibbon (Hylobates moloch) and Javan langur (Trachypithecus auratus) at Petungkriyono Forest, Central Java, Indonesia M.Y. KHANSA KHARISMAWAN; ISHMA MAULA; PUDJI ASTUTI; ARIF SETIAWAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 9 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230916

Abstract

Abstract. Kharismawan MYK, Maula I, Astuti P, Setyawan A. 2022. Identification and prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth eggs in Javan gibbon (Hylobates moloch) and Javan langur (Trachypithecus auratus) at Petungkriyono Forest, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 4501-4509. Javan gibbon (Hylobates moloch) and Javan langur (Trachypithecus auratus) are arboreal primates found at Petungkriyono Forest, Central Java, Indonesia. An increase in ecotourism activity in Petungkriyono Forest affected wildlife behavior and forest landscape along the road. Canopy connections separated by the main road is essential for both of these primates They were spotted foraging food and moved across the separated habitat using available canopy. Based on their activity and habitat along the main road, this research is conducted to identify and count the prevalance of soil-transmitted helminth eggs in their gastrointestinal through their feces. A total of 72 Javan gibbon and 46 Javan langur fecal samples were collected under 10% formalin preservation. Fecal samples were examined using the mini-FLOTAC method for Javan gibbon and the flotation method for Javan langur. The results indicate three orders, including Enoplida, Strongylida, and Rhabditida, were found and the prevalence of helminthiasis is 31.94% for Javan gibbon and 47.82% for Javan langur. Eventhough both of these primates helminthiasis prevalance is considered to be low, higher prevalance in Javan langur was caused by its behavior to be less arboreal than Javan gibbon.
Effectiveness of Dyella japonica and Enterobacter cloacae as biofertilizers to increase maize (Zea mays) production on andisol soil MARIANI SEMBIRING; TENGKU SABRINA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 7 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230704

Abstract

Abstract. Sembiring M, Sabrina T. 2022. Effectiveness of Dyella japonica and Enterobacter cloacae as biofertilizers to increase maize (Zea mays) production on andisol soil. Biodiversitas 23: 3338-3343. Nitrogen is a very important nutrient in plant growth because it is one of the constituents of plant cells. The availability of nitrogen nutrients in the soil is very low, and this is because nitrogen is easily leached and easy to evaporate. Application of N-fixing microbes is one way to increase the availability of nitrogen in the soil. This study aims to utilize nitrogen-fixing microbes to increase nutrient uptake, production, and efficiency of urea fertilization. The study used a factorial randomized block design (RBD) consisting of Factor I, namely biofertilizer consisting of 4 treatments, namely without the application of bacteria (N0), Dyella japonica 5g (N1), Enterobacter cloacae 5g (N2) and D. japonica 2.5g + E. cloacae 2.5g (N3). Factor II is urea fertilizer with 5 levels U0 = No urea fertilizer, U1 = 1.25 g, U2 = 2.50 g, U3 = 3.75g and U4 = 5g. Parameters observed were plant height observed in weeks I-VIII, plant nitrogen (N) uptake (mg/plant), phosphorus (P) uptake (mg/plant), potassium (K) uptake (mg/plant), and plant production (g). Sampling of plants for analysis of nutrient uptake was carried out at the end of the vegetative period, namely the 8th week, while for plant production parameters, plant samples were taken at the 12th week. The results showed that the applications of nitrogen-fixing bacteria could increase N uptake up to 89.35%, P uptake up to 79.57%, K uptake up to 48.81%, and crop production increase up to 49.76%. The applications of nitrogen-fixing microbes can streamline the use of urea fertilizer by up to 50%. In general, the best treatment is the applications of D. japonica and E. cloacae plus 2.5g urea (N3U2).
Distribution of invasive alien plant species, Bellucia pentamera, in forest conservation of oil palm plantation, West Sumatra, Indonesia SOLFIYENI SOLFIYENI; ERIZAL MUKHTAR; SYAMSUARDI SYAMSUARDI; CHAIRUL CHAIRUL
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 7 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230744

Abstract

Abstract. Solfiyeni, Mukhtar E, Syamsuardi, Chairul. 2022. Distribution of invasive alien plant species, Bellucia pentamera, in forest conservation of oil palm plantation, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 3667-3674. Bellucia pentamera has been found in disturbed forests across Indonesia, but little is known about how it spreads under its tree canopy. The spread of the invasive plant B. pentamera in the PT KSI conservation forest area was investigated. The goal of this research is to study B. pentamera's strategy for exploiting forest gaps horizontally and vertically on degraded forest vegetation invaded by B. pentamera at various degrees of invasion. An Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and direct field mapping are used for the mapping approach. Aerial photographs revealed 40 B. pentamera trees and 32 non-B. pentamera trees in forest areas with varying degrees of B. pentamera invasion (based on the ratio of B. pentamera non-B. pentamera: dense and loose). Bellucia pentamera trees were distributed evenly in a large gap and randomly in a small gap/space between the canopy, whereas sapling and seedling B. pentamera trees were distributed in groups, uniformly and randomly, according to microhabitat conditions under the canopy of B. pentamera and non-tree trees. Bellucia pentamera seedlings and saplings were detected under the parent tree's canopy rather than in the canopy gaps. Different responses were seen in seedlings, saplings, and juvenile stages concerning the explanatory factors investigated and between the two stands. The purpose of the study was to determine the factors that influence the distribution of the B. pentamera species in conservation forest areas with different compositions of existence, both vertically and horizontally, using drones and direct measurements in the field.
Selection of tomato breeding lines based on morphological traits associated with high yield potential in double-cross population WITRI NUR ANISA; ENIK NURLAILI AFIFAH; RUDI HARI MURTI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 6 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230624

Abstract

Abstract. Anisa WN, Afifah EN, Murti RH. 2022. Selection of tomato breeding lines based on morphological traits associated with high yield potential in double-cross population. Biodiversitas 23: 2973-2980. Low tomato production is a global problem. Plant breeding has been intensified to develop high-yield varieties and meet the high production of vegetable crops. Selection is an essential part of plant breeding to evaluate desirable traits of breeding lines. This study aimed to identify tomato breeding lines with high yield potential from 13 breeding lines and 2 commercial tomatoes. Collected data were analyzed using analysis of variance, post hoc, path, and principal component analysis. Results showed that 9 tomato lines, namely, BV-1, BV-2, BV-3, BV-6, BV-7, BV-9, BV-11, BV-12, and BV-13 had a high yield potential based on the number of fruits per plant and fruit weight. Given their high path coefficient value and significant correlation (P<0.05) with the yield potential, these two characteristics are highly recommended to be used as selection criteria for the high yield potential of tomato plants. The following characteristics had a high value of heritability: fruit weight, fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit firmness, fruit locules, fruit pericarp thickness, total soluble solid, number of flowers per bunch, number of fruits per bunch, number of fruits per plant, and harvesting age.
Morphological variations and molecular phylogeny of Oryzias sarasinorum Popta, 1905 (Ricefish) from Lake Lindu, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia SYECH ZAINAL; ANDI TANRA TELLU; AMIRUDDIN KASIM
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 7 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230717

Abstract

Abstract. Zainal S, Tellu AT, Kasim A. 2022. Morphological variations and molecular phylogeny of Oryzias sarasinorum Popta, 1905 (Ricefish) from Lake Lindu, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 3443-3451. Oryzias sarasinorum Popta, 1905 is a well-studied species endemic to Lake Lindu, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia and identified as scarce. This study aims to describe the morphological variation and phylogeny of Oryzias sarasinorum Popta, 1905 from Lake Lindu, Central Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. This research was conducted in February 2022. 10 samples were collected and preserved on 95% ethanol for morphological analysis and molecular purposes. Our morphological analysis showed that the meristic counts, morphometric measurement, and phylogenetic analysis also resolved that the samples that were analyzed are indeed an endemic species of O. sarasinorum from Lake Lindu. Finally, we expect there are future studies that pay attention to well-resolved phylogenies and thereby remove additional noise from the analysis. The research data are expected to contribute to the preservation and utilization of one of Indonesia's important biodiversity resources.
Exploitation of striped snakehead (Channa striata) in Sempor Reservoir, Central Java, Indonesia: A proposed conservation strategy Nuning Setyaningrum; Windiarini Lestari; Krismono Krismono; Agus Nuryanto
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 7 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230735

Abstract

Abstract. Setyaningrum N, Lestari W, Krismono, Nuryanto A. 2022. Exploitation of striped snakehead (Channa striata) in Sempor Reservoir, Central Java, Indonesia: A proposed conservation strategy. Biodiversitas 23: 3584-3592. Striped snakehead (Channa striata) has important economic value in freshwater systems, including Sempor Reservoir in Indonesia, where increases in catch sizes have resulted in a declining population. In this study, we determined its population size based on abundance and distribution of length and assessed the rate of exploitation based on estimated growth and mortality rates to determine a conservation strategy in Sempor Reservoir. The study was undertaken from March to October 2020. The method used was a purposive random sampling survey. Fish samples were taken from five stations with different land uses. The estimated growth, mortality, and exploitation rates were analyzed by Pauly's model using FISAT II. Channa striata abundance data were analyzed using a Kruskal-Wallis test. The results showed that the highest abundance of C. striata at the KW station was almost three times higher than at the BK station. The average size of the gonads at first maturity was 277.4 mm in females and 284 mm in males. The estimated growth parameters indicated an asymptotic length (L?) of 409.5 mm. An exploitation rate of 0.74 was classified as overfishing. The proposed conservation strategy is to limit the number of catches by as much as 44% and prohibit the catching of individuals with a length of 230-349 mm. Kedungwringin Station was defined as a reference area with the largest abundance and complete size distribution, namely, the pre-reproduction, reproduction, and post-reproduction stages. Bangkong Station was defined as a spawning ground because there were many fish in the reproductive stage and Sempor River Station was the nursery ground with mostly juvenile fish. These two sites must be protected for sustainable striped snakehead populations in the river and reservoir.

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