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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,315 Documents
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Ginger family from Bueng Kan Province, Thailand: Diversity, conservation status, and traditional uses AREERAT RAGSASILP; PIYAPORN SAENSOUK; SURAPON SAENSOUK
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 5 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230556

Abstract

Abstract. Ragsasilp A, Saensouk P, Saensouk S. 2022. Ginger family from Bueng Kan Province, Thailand: Diversity, conservation status, and traditional uses. Biodiversitas 23: 2739-2753. The objective of this study was to determine the diversity, conservation status, and traditional uses of Zingiberaceae in Bueng Kan Province, Thailand. The family Zingiberaceae was collected during field surveys in Bueng Kan Province, northeastern Thailand between January and December 2021. Three tribes, 13 genera, and 67 species of Zingiberaceae were found. The genera with the highest diversity were Curcuma (12 species), Zingiber (11 species), Globba (10 species), Alpinia (eight species), Kaempferia (seven species), Amomum (six species), Caulokaempferia (four species), Boesenbergia (three species), Gagnepainia (two species), Etlingera (one species), Hedychium (one species), Meistera (one species) and Wurfbainia (one species). Bung Khla district was found to have the most diverse species in this family with 64 species. The family was discovered in five ecosystem types, deciduous dipterocarp forest (20 species), mixed deciduous forest (21 species), dry evergreen forest (20 species), river basin (two species), and cultivated in home gardens (24 species). There were 41 native species found (62.68%), while 16 species (23.88%) were recognized as being cultivated in home gardens. The highest phenology rate was recorded from March to September. Thirty-eight species were reported to have the conservation status as rare species. Twenty-eight species were recognized as common species. Nine species, namely Alpinia macrostaminodia, Amomum biphyllum, A. wandokthong, Globba laeta, Boesenbergia baimaii, Caulokaempferia jirawongsei, Ca. Phutonkensis, Ca. phuwoaensis and Ca. phulangkaensis were recorded as endemic species to Thailand. Moreover, A. macrostaminodia, A. biphyllum, A. monophyllum, C. jirawongsei, Ca. phutokensis, Ca. phuwoaensis and Curcuma pygmaea, were found only in Bueng Kan Province, Thailand. This study reported nine species to be rare plants in Bueng Kan Province. Twenty-nine species of the family Zingiberaceae from Bueng Kan Province were presented in IUCN (2022): CR (1 species), DD (9 species), EN (2 species) LC (16 species), NT (1 species). The Zingiberaceae in Bueng Kan Province had popular uses as food, spice, rituals, and ornamentals. For the medicinal use of Zingiberaceae in this study, they were in relation to flatulence, laxative, diuretic, stomachache, treatment of inguinal hernia, uterine involution, antipruritic, cosmetic, skin disease, carminative, antiflatulent, intoxication, and tonic. In Thailand, 42 species of Zingiberaceae are reported for the first time to have traditional uses. Therefore, the information on the diversity, conservation status, and traditional uses are important as biological resources of the Zingiberaceae in Bueng Kan Province, Thailand.
Mangrove species of Mantehage Island, Bunaken National Park, North Sulawesi, Indonesia RIGNOLDA DJAMALUDDIN; BRAMA DJABAR
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 6 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230609

Abstract

Abstract. Djamaluddin R, Djabar B. 2022. Mangrove species of Mantehage Island, Bunaken National Park, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 2845-2852. A study on mangrove species in Mantehage Island, Bunaken National Park, North Sulawesi, Indonesia, is important due to the large extent of mangrove forest, geographical position, and geomorphological characteristics of the island. Many mangrove species are expected to occur on this island. This study was conducted to explore the biological diversity of mangrove species and to evaluate the biogeography and conservation status of certain species occurring on this island. Extensive surveys were conducted throughout the island on the areas covered with mangroves, with a total of 58 locations surveyed using spot check and quadrat-transect methods, and species identification was based on morphological characteristics. Results showed that in Mantehage Island there were 20 species of true mangrove belonging to 13 genera and 11 families, including Acanthus ilicifolius L., Acrostichum spesiosum Willd., Aegiceras corniculatum (L.) Blanco, Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh., Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Lamk., Bruguiera parvilora Weight & Arnold ex Griffith, Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B. Rob, Excoecaria agallocha L., Heritiera littoralis Dryand, Nypa fruticans (Thunb.) Wurmb., Rhizophora apiculata Bl., Rhizophora mucronata Lamk., Rhizophora stylosa Griff., Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea Gaertn., Sonneratia alba J. Smith, Sonneratia ovata Blake., Xylocarpus granatum K?enig. Three rare species in the mangrove of Bunaken National Park, Camptostemon philippinense (Vidal) Becc., Bruguiera cylindrica (L.) Bl. and Lumnitzera racemosa Willd. were also recorded. The presence of C. philippinense could explain its distribution limit on the northern coast of North Sulawesi. Indication of putative hybrids in the genera of Rhizophora was found, but this needs further investigation. Two species of conservation concern, C. philippinense and S. ovata, are categorized as endangered and near-threatened species, respectively.
Genetic diversity and gain quantitative characters of maize from index-based selection at two dry lands in Lombok, Indonesia I WAYAN SUDIKA; I NYOMAN SOEMEINABOEDHY; I WAYAN SUTRESNA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240102

Abstract

Abstract. Sudika IW, Soemeinaboedhy IN, Sutresna IW. 2023. Genetic diversity and gain quantitative characters of maize from index-based selection at two dry lands in Lombok, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 11-19. Genetic diversity and gain quantitative characters of maize from index-based selection at dry land is poorly reported. This research aims to study the genetic diversity and gain of several traits quantitative of the index-based selection at two dry lands in Amor-Amor and Pererenan, Lombok, Indonesia. A randomized block design with three replications was applied to design the experiment. The materials used is maize from nine populations, namely eight populations from the selection of index-based and one from the initial population. The data were analyzed for variance at the 5% significance level. The results showed that the genetic diversity of yields was categorized as moderate, and the weight of dry cobs harvested per plant was narrow in both locations. The genetic diversity of fresh stover weight per plant in Pererenan was wider than in Amor-Amor, but still in the same category, which was medium. These three traits had a significant genetic gain in the moderate category for both locations, except for the weight of fresh stover per plant, which was high in Pererenan. The dry seed weight per plant had a moderate genetic diversity and gain with a significant positive phenotypic correlation with yield. Yield and fresh stover per plant can still be increased through index-based selection by using dry seed weight per plant and fresh stover per plant in both locations.
New records of mycobiota associated with stored wheat and its by-products in Iraq WASAN F. FADHIL; ABDULLAH H. AL-SAADOON; FALEH M. AL-MOUSSAWI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 6 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230637

Abstract

Abstract. Fadhil WF, Al-Saadoon AH, Al-Moussawi FM. 2022. New records of mycobiota associated with stored wheat and its by-products in Iraq. Biodiversitas 23: 3099-3107. Wheat is a staple food for the Iraqi population and is an important feed source due to its high nutritional value. Consequently, wheat and wheat by-products are susceptible to various species of fungi during processing, transportation, or storage. In this paper, thirty-two selected fungal isolates were subjected to morphological and molecular analysis for identification through combined sequences of ITS regions, actin, calmodulin, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and ?-tubulin genes according to the target fungal genus. The results showed that eighteen fungal species were identified from wheat grains, flour, and bran samples collected from different silos and mills in three provinces in southern Iraq. In addition, nine species were recorded for the first time from Iraq, i.e., Alternaria consortialis, A. japonica, A. lolii, A. multiformis, A. ventricosa, Aspergillus montevidensis, Cladosporium halotolerans, C. versiforme, and Staganosporopsis tanaceti. Brief descriptions of the new records are presented. This study represents an important addition to the mycobiota of Iraq.
Usability of planted mangroves in the coastal area of Semarang, Indonesia, as the source of secondary metabolite extracts ENDAH DWI HASTUTI; MUNIFATUL IZZATI; SRI DARMANTI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 4 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240456

Abstract

Abstract. Hastuti ED, Izzati M, Darmanti S. 2023. Usability of planted mangroves in the coastal area of Semarang, Indonesia, as the source of secondary metabolite extracts. Biodiversitas 24: 2409-2415. Mangrove plants are a potential source of secondary metabolites. So the secondary metabolites from mangrove plants must be assessed to promote their utilization. Considering this, the present study was carried out to analyze the alkaloid and phenol content in mangrove species in Tugu District, Semarang City, Central Java, Indonesia. Alkaloid and phenol content in five mangrove species (Avicennia marina, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Rhizophora mucronata, Sonneratia alba, and Xylocarpus moluccensis) were estimated using the spectrophotometry method. The study results revealed that the alkaloid content of A. marina was highest (0.23 ± 0.11%), while the highest concentration of phenol content was found in X. moluccensis (9.66 ± 1.36%). However, after including the other parameters, viz., abundance Index and accessibility Index, A. marina, was found to be a potential source of alkaloid extract, and R. mucronata was a potential source of phenol extract.
Screening, isolation, and characterization of amylase-producing bacteria from Poring Hot Spring Sabah, Malaysia BAK ZAIBAH FAZAL; CAHYO BUDIMAN; ZARINA AMIN; CLEMENTE MICHAEL WONG VUI LING
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 6 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230604

Abstract

Abstract. Fazal BZ, Budiman C, Amin Z, Ling CMW. 2022. Screening, isolation, and characterization of amylase-producing bacteria from Poring Hot Spring Sabah, Malaysia. Biodiversitas 23: 2807-2815. Thermostable ?-amylases are being used in a wide range of industries, including food, textiles, detergents, pharmaceuticals, and fine chemicals. A good source of thermostable ?-amylases in thermophilic bacteria is found in high-temperature habitats like hot springs. Hence, this study aimed to screen, isolate, and characterize amylase-producing bacteria (APB) from the Poring hot spring in Sabah. Sediment and water samples were collected from the hot springs, serially diluted, plated onto the Luria Bertani agar medium containing starch, and incubated at 60°C for 48 hours. The amylase-producing bacterium was identified by the halo formation around the colony after the agar medium was stained with Lugol's solution. Nine colonies were found to be able to form halo zones, with a creamy colony (A7 strain) producing the highest amylolytic index (4.24). Further characterization of the A7 strain showed that the isolate was a Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium, with a positive reaction upon oxidase and catalase tests. The 16S rRNA sequence showed that the A7 strain had 99.81% similarity with the Anoxybacillus flavithermus, and therefore identified as A. flavithermus A7 strain. Further, the growth curve analysis indicated that the A7 strain grew well at 60°C. The 3, 5-dinitrosalicyclic acid (DNS) assay showed the crude enzyme secreted by the A7 strain exhibited optimum amylase activity at 60°C with 8.6 x 10-2 U/ml. This is the first APB obtained from hot springs in Sabah and promising for further studies and applications.
Chromosome number and reproductive mode of some Pteris species (Pteridaceae) in Thailand PONPIPAT LIMPANASITTICHAI; TASSANAI JARUWATTANAPHAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 6 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230658

Abstract

Abstract. Limpanasittichai P, Jaruwattanaphan T. 2022. Chromosome number and reproductive mode of some Pteris species (Pteridaceae) in Thailand. Biodiversitas 23: 3285-3296. The fern genus Pteris L. (Pteridaceae) consists of 329 species. This genus is one of the largest fern genera and is quite diverse with many different ploidy levels and reproductive modes resulting from complicated hybrid speciation events in their evolution. However, there have been very few observations of Pteridophytes in Thailand. This study aims to investigate chromosome number and reproductive mode of Pteris in Thailand. Mitotic chromosome numbers of 9 species collected from natural habitats were observed by hematoxylin squash method and their reproductive modes were estimated by counting the number of spores per sporangium. Three cytotypes were found, namely diploid, triploid and tetraploid. Nevertheless, only sexual individuals were recognized. First reports are provided for 3 species, namely P. dalhousieae (2n = 2x = 58, sexual), P. decrescens (2n = 2x = 58, sexual), and P. heteromorpha (2n = 2x = 58; 2n = 3x = 87 and 2n = 4x = 116, sexual) and the chromosome numbers from the remaining taxa match those reported from other countries. Two species, namely P. heteromorpha and P. vittata exhibited diverse cytotypes.
Anthocyanin content, phenolic content, antioxidant activity and yield in indigenous rice as affected by different fertilizers RAPEEPUN PRAJUNTASAN; KHAKHANANG RATANANIKOM; WISARUT PAYOUNGKIATTIKUN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 8 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230842

Abstract

Abstract. Prajuntasan R, Ratananikom K, Payoungkiattikun W. 2022. Anthocyanin content, phenolic content, antioxidant activity and yield in indigenous rice as affected by different fertilizers. Biodiversitas 23: 4195-4201. This study was to evaluate the effects of fertilizer management methods (organic and inorganic) on total anthocyanin content (TAC), total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activity, and yield in eight local rice varieties. A 2×8 factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications was setup on a farmer’s farm. Organic fertilizer management increased TAC, TPC and antioxidant activity, but significant increases were found for TAC,and antioxidant activity. The highest TAC was found in Luem Puew, and Kum Puen Baan had the highest TPC. The highest TAC and TPCvarietiesdid not necessarily havethe highest antioxidant activity. Sung Yod, Chaow Daeng, Kum Ka Dum and Kum Puen Baan were the highest for this parameter. Luem Puew + organic was the treatment combined with the highest TAC. Still, the result found the highest antioxidant activities in several treatment combinations associated with most local rice varieties except Nang Nuan and Mali Nga Chang.
Biosurfactant activity of phylloplane bacteria from an ornamental plant, Colocasia esculenta L. ALPINA BUKHORI; DWI SURYANTO; KIKI NURTJAHJA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 6 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230638

Abstract

Abstract. Bukhori A, Suryanto D, Nurtjahja K. 2022. Biosurfactant activity of phylloplane bacteria from an ornamental plant, Colocasia esculenta L. Biodiversitas 23: 3108-3114. Biosurfactants are surface-active molecules produced by living organisms predominantly by microorganisms with amphiphilic properties. Exploration of biosurfactant-producing bacteria has been promoted to find the suitable agent for mass production in the laboratory following its biochemical and genetic modification. Leaf-colonizing bacteria or phyllosphere bacteria are of great interest, including those colonizing the surface of ornamental plants which are still understudied. This study aimed to isolate the biosurfactant-producing bacteria from an ornamental plant, Colocasia esculenta L and to determine their physical characteristics. Four bacterial isolates coded as IC1, IC3, IC4 and IC5 were recovered from the surface of C. esculenta and were tested positive for their growth under Bushnell-Haas agar + 1% olive oil (v/v) as the sole carbon source. Two isolates, namely IC3 and IC5, later molecularly identified as Bacillus cereus and Alcaligenes faecalis produced the highest biosurfactant concentration (IC3 = 157 ppm, IC5 = 106 ppm) on 10th day incubation based on a colorimetric test using rhamnolipid as a standard solution. Crude biosurfactants produced by A. faecalis IC5 showed better physical attributes than B. cereus IC3 in terms of surface tension, emulsification index, and oil spreading capability on four different hydrophobic compounds i.e., kerosene, solar fuel, octane fuel (Pertalite, Pertamax). The results of this study confirmed the existence of biosurfactant-producing bacteria in C. esculenta and the possibility of developing prominent strains for the treatment of hydrocarbon pollution in the environment.
Profile of Multidrug Resistance and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) on dairy cows and risk factors from farmer ASWIN RAFIF KHAIRULLAH; SRI AGUS SUDJARWO; MUSTOFA HELMI EFFENDI; SANCAKA CASHYER RAMANDINIANTO; MARIA AEGA GELOLODO; AGUS WIDODO; KATTY HENDRIANA PRISCILIA RIWU; DYAH AYU KURNIAWATI; SAIFUR REHMAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 6 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230610

Abstract

Abstract. Khairullah AR, Sudjarwo SA, Effendi MH, Ramandininto SC, Gelolodo MA, Widodo A, Riwu KHP, Kurniawati DA, Rehman S. 2022. Profile of Multidrug Resistance and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) on dairy cows and risk factors from farmer. Biodiversitas 23: 2853-2858. Staphylococcus aureus is a facultative anaerobic Gram-positive coccus that causes mastitis and is one of the most widespread pathogenic bacteria in dairy farming. These bacteria can quickly develop into antibiotic-resistant strains due to inappropriate antibiotic administration. Staphylococcus aureus bacteria that have Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) properties can be known as Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus (MRSA) if these bacteria are resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics. The high number of MDR and MRSA contamination in dairy farms as a result of excessive administration of antibiotics in the treatment of dairy cows and the spread of these bacteria cannot be separated from the sanitation management at the time of milking, it can be from milk that is milked from the udder and it can also be from the hands of farmers during the milking process. This study tests antibiotic resistance and detects Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains sourced from milk and hand swabs of farmers in Probolinggo, East Java, Indonesia. A total of 109 dairy cow’s milk samples and 41 samples of farmers’ hand swabs were taken from each farm. Samples were cultured and purified using Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA). Staphylococcus aureus resistance profile was performed by disk diffusion test using antibiotic disks such as Oxacillin, Cefoxitin, Tetracycline, Erythromycin, and Gentamicin. Staphylococcus aureus isolates that were resistant to Oxacillin and Cefoxitin antibiotics were then tested for Oxacillin Resistance Screening Agar Base (ORSAB) as a confirmation test for Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus (MRSA). The results of the isolation and identification found 80 (53.33%) S. aureus isolates, then the results of the resistance test found 8 (10%) S. aureus isolates that were Multidrug-Resistant (MDR), and in the Oxacillin Resistance Screening Agar Base (ORSAB) test there were 3 isolates of S. aureus MDR were ORSAB positive. It can be found that there are several S. aureus isolates that are Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) and Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in dairy farms. The S. aureus that is MDR and MRSA can be spread to the community and will endanger public health. Thus, prevention and control measures are needed to suppress the spread of S. aureus infection on a dairy farm in Probolinggo, East Java, Indonesia.

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