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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,315 Documents
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Multidrug-resistant Salmonella species from chicken meat sold at Surabaya Traditional Markets, Indonesia FARAH FANISSA; MUSTOFA HELMI EFFENDI; WIWIEK TYASNINGSIH; EMMANUEL NNABUIKE UGBO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 6 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230606

Abstract

Abstract. Fanissa F, Effendi MH, Tyasningsih W, Ugbo EN. 2022. Multidrug-resistant Salmonella species from chicken meat sold at Surabaya Traditional Markets, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 2823-2829. Salmonella species is one of the major infectious pathogens associated with poultry birds, which also has an impact on public health. Antimicrobials are used as growth promoters or treatment of diseases thus; this encourages the persistent spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This study aimed to identify multidrug-resistant Salmonella species from traditional chicken meat sold at Surabaya markets. A total of 150 chicken meat swab samples were collected from five different traditional markets and identified using microbiological standard methods. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method identified multidrug-resistant Salmonella species on five different antibiotics discs. A low prevalence of Salmonella species was detected with a frequency of 11.3% (17/150). Some of the Salmonella isolates showed strong resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, aztreonam, and chloramphenicol. Five (29.4%) out of seventeen were multidrug-resistant Salmonella species. The presence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella species in these traditional markets is worrisome, since, it can lead to an outbreak of Salmonellosis as a result of the consumption of contaminated chicken meat. Therefore, the detection of multidrug-resistant Salmonella species is significant in understanding their prevalence and development of AMR. More strong awareness education and monitoring programs are recommended to mitigate the persistent spread of antimicrobial resistance.
Spatio-temporal analysis of dholes (Cuon alpinus) in Khao Yai National Park, Thailand NORASET KHOEWSREE; MANANYA PLA-ARD; RONGLARP SUKMASUANG; PAANWARIS PAANSRI; YUWALUK CHANACHAI; BUNYATIPORN KAEWDEE; PHANITSUPHA PHENGTHONG
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 5 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230551

Abstract

Abstract. Khoewsree N, Pla-ard M, Sukmasuang R, Paansri P, Chanachai Y, Kaewdee B, Phengthong P. 2022. Spatio-temporal analysis of dholes (Cuon alpinus) in Khao Yai National Park, Thailand. Biodiversitas 23: 2668-2678. The relationship of the occurrence of key wildlife species and other wildlife in the ecosystems is complex and unique as a result of interactions between species as well as responses to complex environments. Spatio-temporal analysis of dholes (Cuon alpinus) in Khao Yai National Park, Thailand, aimed to study of the coexistence of the dhole with its main prey, humans, and other physical factors based on camera trapping. The temporal and spatial overlap analysis found that dholes coexist with five prey species and also with humans. The dhole also occurred with a significant positive temporal or spatial overlap with 20 other potential prey species. It was found that water sources and villages had a negative effect on the dhole's occupancy while there was a positive effect from roads, elevation, and slope. The dhole's occupancy model was most closely related to small rodent proximity. It also was found that the dhole's occupation was also related to humans. Based on the results of this study, some recommendations were developed to advocate the strict management of recreation areas. There should also be a boundary between the area of ??human activities and the natural forest of the area and this should include the control of illegal entry into the area from the area surrounding the national park to reduce interactions between human activities and wildlife.
High impact of Clerodendrum paniculatum leaf extract to suppress zucchini yellow mosaic virus infection in zucchini plants NI PUTU PANDAWANI; LISTIHANI LISTIHANI; I KETUT WIDNYANA; PUTU EKA PASMIDI ARIATI; DEWA GEDE WIRYANGGA SELANGGA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 6 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230618

Abstract

Abstract. Pandawani NP, Listihani L, Widnyana IK, Ariati PEP, Selangga DGW. 2022. High impact of Clerodendrum paniculatum leaf extract to suppress zucchini yellow mosaic virus infection in zucchini plants. Biodiversitas 23: 2914-2919. Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) is an important virus in zucchini plants (Cucurbita pepo L.). ZYMV infection is prevalent in C. pepo in Bali and is extremely difficult to eradicate. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of pagoda leaf extract (Clerodendrum paniculatum L.) in reducing yield loss in C. pepo. A factorial randomized block design with two variables was employed in this study. The application time of the C. paniculatum extract was the first variable, and concentration was the second. Plant extract was applied during seed immersion, one day before and after inoculation, and on the same day of virus inoculation. The concentrations of C. paniculatum extract employed were 10%, 30%, and 50%. The crude extract was sprayed onto the C. pepo leaves. Plants treated with extract one day after virus inoculation at 10%, 30%, and 50% concentrations exhibited yellowing, yellowing with cupping, mosaic, mosaic with cupping, and stunting. While application of extract one day before virus inoculation at 30% and 50% concentrations resulted in yellowing and yellowing with cupping signs. Plants infected with ZYMV first showed flowering at 37 DAP, whereas plants treated with C. paniculatum leaf extract one day before virus inoculation started flowering at 32 DAP. Application of C. paniculatum leaf extract one day before ZYMV inoculation on C. pepo effectively suppressed 40% yield loss. The findings of present investigation revealed information about the potential of C. paniculatum leaf extract as a plant virus control agent through the mechanism of induction in C. pepo.
Lesser-known wild edible plants used by Thadou-Kuki tribe of Indo-Myanmar region, Manipur, India L. LHINGKHOTIN HAOKIP; ROBERT PANMEI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 8 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230817

Abstract

Abstract. Haokip LL, Panmei R. 2022. Lesser-known wild edible plants used by Thadou-Kuki tribe of Indo-Myanmar region, Manipur, India. Biodiversitas 23: 3991-3998. Wild edible plants are overlooked groups of plants which forms an integral part of the culture and tradition of many indigenous communities by providing both nourishment and variety in the diet. The present study is an inventory on the wild edible plants consumed by Thadou-Kuki tribe of Manipur. Field survey was carried out in five villages and three local markets of the district. The survey documented 73 wild edible plants consumed by the Thadou tribe. Except for one species each of Gymnosperm and Pteridophyte, all the species (71) are Angiosperms under 64 genera and 43 families. Most of the edible plants are consumed in cooked vegetable form (45%) while processed fruits (4%) is the least mode of consumption. The use of species like Dysoxylum excelsum, Entada rheedii, Eurya acuminata and Erigeron canadensis as vegetables and Meyna spinosa and Physalis alkekengi as fruits is one of the interesting records as these species’ usage is meager among other tribes of the northeastern state. It is found that most of the wild plant resources play a vital role in the nutritional fulfillment, medicine and socio-economic aspects of the Thadou tribe.
Natural enemies of Pentalonia nigronervosa, vector of Banana Bunchy Top Virus TITI TRICAHYATI; SUPARMAN SUPARMAN; CHANDRA IRSAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 7 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230745

Abstract

Abstract. Tricahyati T, Suparman, Irsan C. 2022. Natural enemies of Pentalonia nigronervosa, vector of Banana Bunchy Top Virus. Biodiversitas 23: 3675-3684. Pentalonia nigronervosa (Coquerel) is an important pest of banana. Instead of sucking liquid from banana phloem, P. nigronervosa also play an important role in transmitting Banana Bunchy Top Virus (BBTV) from infected banana to healthy ones. If efforts are not made to control the aphid, existence of P. nigronervosa can increase in the banana field. The objective of this research was to find out the natural enemies of P. nigronervosa which may play significant role in controlling the aphid naturally. The results showed that natural enemies were in the forms of predator, parasitoid and pathogenic fungi. A total of 22 species of predator belonged to 5 families of insect, namely Coccinellidae, Forficulidae, Chelisochidae, Reduviidae and Syrphidae, and 4 families of Arachnida i.e. Oxyopidae, Araneidae, Salticidae, and Philodromidae. The result exhibited that one parasitoid belonged to family Brachonidae, and one hyper-parasitoid belonged to family Encrytidae. Furthermore, it was also observed that 3 species of entomopathogenic fungi infected aphids. The fungi belonged to genera Aspergillus and Beauveria. Each predator had different predation capacity, the highest was that of Forficula auricularia (23.67 ± 3.05) and Scymnus sp. (23.67 ± 1.52). Parasitoid Lipolexis bengalensis could parasitize P. nigronervosa at relatively high parasitic ability of 4.67 ± 23.65. The finding of various natural enemies of P. nigronervosa in South Sumatra could be considered as an alternative way to control the aphid and reduce the transmission rate of BBTV in the province. The use of natural enemies has no residual effects on the environment and is relatively cheaper compared to other control measurements.
Short Communication: The population number of Pelung chickens in West Java, Indonesia Indrawati Yudha Asmara; Dani Garnida; Heni Indrijani
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 7 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230708

Abstract

Abstract. Asmara IY, Garnida D, Indrijani H. 2022. Short Communication: The population number of Pelung chickens in West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 3373-3378. Domestic farm animals or, Animal Genetic Resources (AnGR), are part of the global biodiversity. The existence of AnGR, mainly local breeds, is threatened, and their population data is still far from complete. This study provides information about Pelung chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus), a local chicken breed in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to offer an overview of the population, effective population size, and inbreeding rate of Pelung chickens in four regencies in West Java, Indonesia. The method used in this study was a survey of fanciers and breeders of Pelung. Interviews were conducted to reveal the production system and population data. The data were analyzed descriptively and then calculated to estimate the effective population size (Ne) as well as the rate of inbreeding (?F). This preliminary survey indicated that there was a change in the distribution of the Pelung chicken, in which Garut Regency has the largest population number of Pelung, with 5664 birds of all ages. In this study, Pelung chickens in different areas had high Ne (267-569), and the ?F can be considered fairly low (0.09-0.19). The results of the study are probably the first documentation of the population number of Pelung chickens in at least ten years. This research is the initial study that forms the basis for conducting a comprehensive survey on the Pelung chicken. This study offers an upper limit result of Ne, so that accurate diversity parameter such as using genomic information is required.
Assessing the bird and tree species diversity in the north of Badung, Bali, Indonesia Luh Putu Eswaryanti Kusua Yuni; I Made Saka Wijaya; Ida Ayu Eka Pertiwi Sari
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 9 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230914

Abstract

Abstract. Yuni LPEK, Wijaya IMS, Sari IAEP. 2022. Assessing the bird and tree species diversity in the north of Badung, Bali, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 4482-4489. Bird diversity is related to tree diversity, which is influenced by landscape heterogeneity. Here, we reported the bird diversity of Jempanang, Bali, Indonesia, in riparian, plantation, and forest edge habitats estimated through a point count survey undertaken in June 2021, and related to patterns of tree diversity. Overall, Jempanang had a high diversity of bird and tree species, with 54 bird species and 18 tree species recorded in total. Among habitats, bird diversity was highest in the riparian area, whereas the plantation and forest edges had moderate bird diversity. The plantation had the lowest absolute tree diversity, but all sites had a moderate level of tree diversity. The wide range of land uses in Jempanang provides a diverse composition of plant species, thereby increasing the number of environmental niches and driving higher diversity of bird species. The presence of apex raptor species indicates that Jempanang can be considered an area with good environmental quality. Considering the high diversity of bird and tree species in the area, birdwatching activities could be promoted as an agent for community-based conservation, potentially providing local incentives for preserving the area’s biodiversity.
Estimation of population parameters and fishery status of spotted scat, Scatophagus argus (Scatophagidae) in Pabean Bay, Indramayu, West Java, Indonesia Emmanuel Manangkalangi; I Nyoman Dati Pertami; Aries Asriansyah; Reiza Maulana Aditriawan; Ridwan Sala; Muhammad Fadjar Rahardjo
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 7 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230722

Abstract

Abstract. Manangkalangi E, Pertami ND, Asriansyah A, Aditriawan RM, Sala R, Rahardjo MF. 2022. Estimation of population parameters and fishery status of spotted scat, Scatophagus argus (Scatophagidae) in Pabean Bay, Indramayu, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 3480-3487. Pabean Bay is a fishing ground for various types of estuarine fish, including spotted scat, Scatophagus argus. This study aims to describe this type of fish population and its level of exploitation by using length-frequency distribution data for one year (January to December 2015). Fish samples were obtained from the catch of fishers using sero fishing gear and gill nets. Analysis of first caught size, growth parameters, mortality, recruitment pattern, and fishery status used FiSAT II program and some empirical formulas. The results of this study indicate that the length of the first time caught (Lc) is 100.195 mm and is smaller than the size of the first maturity (Lm). The asymptotic length (L?) and growth coefficient (K) were 191.65 mm and 0.18 year-1. Recruitment took place throughout the year with a peak in two periods (February-March and August-September). Total mortality, natural mortality, and catch mortality were 0.84 year-1, 0.37 year-1, and 0.47 year-1.The exploitation rate (E) of this fish was 0.56 year-1. The condition of this fish resource showed slow growth and was indicated to experience overfishing conditions. This information is expected to be considered, especially the use of sero and gillnet fishing gears with small mesh sizes and the frequency of catching it so that the fishing activities will not negatively impact the sustainability of this fish resource in the area.
The effect of integrated pest management on Scirpophaga innotata population and natural enemies on rice field in South Sulawesi, Indonesia Rahmawasiah Rahmawasiah; Abdul Latief Abadi; Gatot Mudjiono; Akhmad Rizali
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 9 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230917

Abstract

Abstract. Rahmawasiah, Abadi AL, Mudjiono G, Rizali A. 2022. The effect of integrated pest management on Scirpophaga innotata population and natural enemies on rice field in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 4510-4516. White rice stem borer, Scirpophaga innotata, is an important pest on rice plants that needs attention because the population is quite large in Luwu Raya. This pest attacks rice plants at all growth stages and can result in yield losses in rice production. Synthetic insecticides are a common control technique used by farmers to control these pests. The continuous use of pesticides will certainly have a negative impact. Therefore, pursuing effective control strategies and maintaining environmental sustainability is necessary. This study aimed to determine the white rice stem borer population and its natural enemies on rainfed land, and permanent irrigated lands managed conventionally and integrated pest management. The research was carried out using insect sampling techniques and calculating the white rice stem borer population and natural enemies in rice cultivation. In rainfed and irrigated rice fields, rice cultivation was carried out using conventional methods and integrated pest management (in the form of planting refugia and regulating the use of synthetic pesticides). The sampling was carried out on plants from the vegetative phase to the generative phase. The type of insect taken was the white rice stem borer in the form of collecting groups of eggs and larvae. Imago was observed visually and using a farmcop. In addition, the collection of natural enemy insects on the plantation was also carried out. The results showed that the application of the integrated pest management system caused no significant effect on the decline of the white rice stem borer population in both rainfed and permanently irrigated lands in Luwu Raya. The white rice stem borer population was more commonly found in rainfed land than permanently irrigated land. The parasitoids found were Telenomus rowani, Tetrastichus schoenobii and Trichogramma japonicum. The population of Telenomus rowani was more numerous than other types of parasitoids. On average, the parasitoid population was more in the land managed by integrated pest management (IPM) application than the conventionally managed land. The predators found on the land were Oxyopes javanus, Agriocnemis femina, Conocephalus longipennis, Menochilus sexmaculata, Ophionea nigrofasciata, Micraspis lineata, and Paederus fuscipes. Predator populations were more on land managed with the application of IPM than on land managed conventionally.
Establishing breeding house of superior sandalwood in Gunung Sewu, Indonesia: preserving the 27 selected genotypes grafted onto two types of rootstocks YENI W.N. RATNANINGRUM; ENY FARIDAH; ILHAM N.S. UTAMA; BAMBANG PRASTYO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 7 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230723

Abstract

Abstract. Ratnaningrum YWN, Faridah E, Utama INS, Prastyo B. 2022. Establishing breeding house of superior sandalwood in Gunung Sewu, Indonesia: preserving the 27 selected genotypes grafted onto two types of rootstocks. Biodiversitas 23: 3488-3497. Developing methods for vegetative propagation of sandalwood (Santalum album Linn.) is important for the mass production of selected genotypes. Previous research has selected the superior genotypes of sandalwood in Gunung Sewu based on seed production, crossing-ability, santalol content and/or the rare alleles characters. This study estimates the grafting compatibility of 27 selected genotypes of sandalwood, which are grafted onto two types of rootstock. In the peak rainy season in February 2021, scions were picked from the 27 genotypes originating from four landraces (Imogiri, Bejiharjo, Bleberan and Petir) in Gunung Sewu. Scions were then grafted onto two types of rootstock using the top-cleft technique. The first rootstock type is the 8 months old seedlings of the red-big-flower sandalwood variant planted in a polybag (Type 1); while the second one is the root-suckers that emerged from horizontal roots (Type 2). Results revealed Petir genotypes as the most surviving scions (100% in Type 2 and 75% in Type 1 rootstock), followed by those originating from Imogiri. All four genotypes originating from Petir (Pt1, Pt2, Pt3 and Pt4) achieved the highest scores in most of the parameters observed. The Type 2 rootstock survived more grafts (57%)  compared to those of Type 1 (49%). The number of shoots and the height increment of grafting showed significant differences. The top-cleft grafting technique is considered effective in conserving the superior genotypes of sandalwood and to provide a copy of those genotypes for materials of the crossing units. The use of Petir and Imogiri genotypes as the scions, and the red-big flower variant root-suckers as the rootstocks, are highly recommended for the best grafting success.

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