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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,315 Documents
 370   371   372   373   374 
Morphological variations of Eimeria spp., in beef cattle in Bangkalan District, East Java, Indonesia POEDJI HASTUTIEK; NUNUK DYAH RETNO LASTUTI; LUCIA TRI SUWANTI; DYAH AYU KURNIAWATI; MUSTOFA HELMI EFENDI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 7 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230719

Abstract

Abstract. Hastutiek P, Lastuti NDR, Suwanti LT, Kurniawati DA, Efendi MH. 2022. Morphological variations of Eimeria spp., in beef cattle in Bangkalan District, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 3457-3461. Eimeria spp. infection in cattle can cause high economic losses and increase the susceptibility to infection with other infectious diseases, so the government needs attention to coccidiosis in cattle. Coccidiosis can easily be found in farms that are managed with poor management systems, housing sanitation, and poor environment. Cases of coccidiosis often do not show clinical symptoms and cause sudden death of livestock. This study aimed to identify Eimeria spp., morphologically the cause of coccidiosis in beef cattle. Fresh feces were collected from 120 beef cattle from smallholder farms in Bangkalan District. The results of stool examination revealed that 70 (58.33%) positive samples containing Eimeria spp. oocysts. The six Eimeria species obtained from the samples were: Eimeria bovis, Eimeria zuernii, Eimeria ellipsoidal, Eimeria subspherica, Eimeria aubernensis, and Eimeria canadinensis. Calculation of oocysts per gram (OPG) of feces showed that most cows were infected with mild to moderate coccidiosis. Morphological identification can be used to diagnose Eimeria species in coccidiosis in beef cattle.
Vegetation analysis of 10 urban forests in the city of Banda Aceh, Indonesia WIRA DHARMA; RAHMAD ZAKARIA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 8 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230834

Abstract

Abstract. Dharma W, Zakaria R. 2022. Vegetation analysis of 10 urban forests in the city of Banda Aceh, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 4131-4137. The vegetation of urban forests is strongly influenced by the composition of trees planted in the forest area. In order to maintain its sustainability, complete vegetation data is needed as a basis for good urban forest management. The purpose of this study was to identify the species diversity of trees in 10 urban forests in the city of Banda Aceh. The study was conducted using the Cruising method with the count of all vegetation species found in urban forests in the city of Banda Aceh. Data analysis was done by the vegetation analysis method through the calculation of diversity index (H'), Relative Frequency (RF), Relative Density (RD), Relative Dominance (RB), and Importance Value Index (IVI). The results showed that the tree component of the area was composed of 50 tree species representing 2218 individuals. The highest IVI value was found in Samanea saman with an IVI value of 67.95, and the lowest was in Tamarindus indica species with an IVI value of 8.16. The diversity index in the observed urban forests was low, with the highest index in Tibang forest at only 0.37. In order to increase plant diversity in urban forests in the city of Banda Aceh, plant species enrichment is needed. It is expected to increase ecological functions in the surrounding environments.
Comparative analysis of the leaf architectural characters of Saurauia bontocensis Merr. and Saurauia polysperma (Blanco) Merr. with the application of Digital Image Analysis Software BERNARD PETER O. DAIPAN; INOCENCIO E. BUOT JR.; HANNAH MARIEL O. DAIPAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 8 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230802

Abstract

Abstract. Daipan BPO, Buot IE Jr., Daipan HMO. 2022. Comparative analysis of the leaf architectural characters of Saurauia bontocensis Merr. and Saurauia polysperma (Blanco) Merr. with the application of Digital Image Analysis Software. Biodiversitas 23: 3869-3875. Major confusion still exists among several authors concerning the taxonomy of the dagwey plant. This species is economically significant to the Ikalahan tribe of Luzon, Philippines. Several papers claimed that the plant is Saurauia bontocensis, while others stated that it is Saurauia subglabra. Many botanical websites claimed that S. subglabra is synonymous with S. polysperma, while another article distinguished S. subglabra from S. polysperma. Thus, to help resolve the taxonomic ambiguities, this paper performed a comparative analysis of the leaf architectural characters of S. bontocensis and S. polysperma with the aid of digital image analysis software and cluster analysis. Results revealed that the blade characters alone, delineate the two species, particularly, in terms of the laminar size, shape, symmetry, leaf L:W ratio, base and apex angle, and base shape. Additionally, the leaf venation characters delineate the two species, specifically, on the 2º to 5º vein categories, 2º vein angle, 3º vein course, 3º vein angle to 1º, areolation, freely ending ultimate veins, marginal ultimate venation, and leaf rank. Generally, S. bontocensis have larger, longer, and wider leaves compared with the S. polysperma. The leaf architecture analysis performed in this paper produced a very promising result in differentiating the two Saurauia species and could be used to address some of the taxonomic confusion of these species. The study indicated that S. bontocensis and S. polysperma are two distinct species. Moreover, the use of digital image analysis software was very helpful in the computations of the various blade characters, particularly the digital herbarium exsiccate in the absence of actual leaf samples.
The shifting genetic diversity pattern of Indonesian rice improved varieties from 1943-2019 based on historical pedigree data ANAS ANAS; FARIDA DAMAYANTI; MOHAMAD KADAPI; NONO CARSONO; SANTIKA SARI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 9 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230931

Abstract

Abstract. Anas, Damayanti F, Kadapi M, Carsono N, Sari S. 2022. The shifting genetic diversity pattern of Indonesian rice improved varieties from 1943-2019 based on historical pedigree data. Biodiversitas 23: 4649-4656. For rice plants in Indonesia, stagnation in increasing crop yields due to a reduction in genetic diversity is a significant issue. The issue of using the same parents in breeding programs and consumer preferences for a single main variety are among the causes of the narrowing of rice plants' genetic diversity. The purpose of this study is to figure out which ancestors are significant and how the genetic diversity of improved Indonesian rice cultivars has changed over time. Changes in the genetic background of the Indonesian rice gene pool were decided using pedigree analysis by calculating the coefficient of parentage (COP) among varieties. There are 280 ancestors in the rice gene pool. The pedigree map exemplifies the complexities of rice breeding in Indonesia. The four classical ancestors of DGWG, Taichung Native1, China, and Latisail had a noteworthy influence on all irrigated rice plant types (11.22%) and upland rice plant types (8.30%) in the gene pool. The dominance of the phenomenal variety IR64 has been continued by Inpari 32, which is a direct derivative of Ciherang. In the meantime, Inpago9, Luhur 2, and UPLRI ancestors set the foundation for the upland rice plant type. Inpara7 and Inpara9, along with their IRRI-introduced parents (IRRIpara4 and IRRIpara5), had a significant impact on Indonesian tidal rice plants. The A1, Hipa7, and Hipa3 varieties are heavily influenced by the hybrid rice plants of Indonesia.
Screening of yeast isolates for the biocontrol of Sclerotium rolfsii NURHALIMAH NURHALIMAH; ANTON MUHIBUDDIN; MUHAMMAD AKHID SYIB’LI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 7 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230759

Abstract

Abstract. Nurhalimah, Muhibuddin A, Syib’li MA. 2022. Screening of yeast isolates for the biocontrol of Sclerotium rolfsii. Biodiversitas 23: 3820-3826. Sclerotium rolfsii is a fungal pathogen that can reduce peanut production. Biological control with yeast antagonist offers an environment friendly control for this pathogen. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify yeast antagonists, and to study their antagonistic mechanism and potential to control the peanut disease caused by S. rolfsii. The study was conducted from October 2020 to May 2021. The study consisted of four stages: isolation and identification of yeasts, yeasts antagonist testing against S. rolfsii, molecular identification of yeast NH4, and scanning electron microscope observation of NH4 against S. rolfsii. Based on the research, four different yeast isolates were isolated, identified, and found able to be developed as a biological control agent to inhibit the growth of S. rolfsii. Identification showed that NH1 was Saccharomyces sp. with inhibitory percentage of 9,26%, NH2 was Candida sp. with 22,21% inhibition of, NH3 Pichia sp. with 11,11% inhibition of, and NH4 was Wickerhamomyces sp. with an inhibitory percentage of 32,96%. The results of the yeast antagonism mechanism showed that NH1 (Saccharomyces sp.) and NH3 (Pichia sp) had not showed any mechanism while, NH2 (Candida sp.) had a competition and NH4 (Wickerhamomyces sp.) had an antibiosis mechanism. NH4 can suppress the growth of S. rolfsii by more than 30%, which has been identified as species of Wickerhamomyces sp. (NH4) with 99.84% homology with Wickerhamomyces anomalus CBS 5759 with accession number MH545921.1.
Monitoring and analyzing tree diversity using i-Tree eco to strengthen urban forest management AMARIZNI MOSYAFTIANI; ADE WAHYU; KASWANTO KASWANTO; HARITYAS WIYOGA; NADA SYASITA; ARIE FAJAR SEPTA; DJAYUS DJAUHARI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 8 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230822

Abstract

Abstract. Mosyaftiani A, Wahyu A, Kaswanto, Wiyoga H, Syasita N, Septa AF, Djauhari D. 2022. Monitoring and analyzing tree diversity using i-Tree eco to strengthen urban forest management. Biodiversitas 23: 4033-4039. Inadequate data on vegetation growth makes it difficult for managers to determine the additional measures necessary for effective urban forest management. The management of urban forests in Jakarta also raises this issue. Collaborative research with multiple stakeholders was conducted in five Jakarta urban forests to assess the diversity and structure of the vegetation as a basis for long-term monitoring and management. Using 49 plots, we carried out a field inventory to gather information on tree number, diameter at breast height, tree height, and crown size. The i-Tree Eco programme was used to examine the data and information gathered. The widely used i-Tree Eco analysis was conducted to make viable evidence-based evaluation feasible and to help stakeholders with data processing. The results showed that the five urban forests had a moderate level of diversity, with an index value ranging from 2.1 to 3.0. The five most common tree species—Swietenia macrophylla, Terminalia sp., Delonix regia, Ceiba pentandra, and Aleurites moluccanus—dominate urban forests, whereas three of them are exotic and most native species have substantially lower values. Increasing tree diversity by enriching native species is recommended to be a top priority for urban forest management in Jakarta. Additionally, this research shows that adopting advanced and user-friendly tools to regularly monitor and analyze vegetation helps stakeholders achieve better urban forest management.
Isolation and screening of lovastatin-producing endophytic fungi from lemongrass (Cymbopogon nardus) ZIKRINA RAHMI; YURNALIZA YURNALIZA; LIANA DWI SRI HASTUTI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 8 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230841

Abstract

Abstract. Rahmi Z, Yurnaliza Y, Hastuti LDS. 2022. Isolation and screening of lovastatin-producing endophytic fungi from lemongrass (Cymbopogon nardus L.). Biodiversitas 23: 4189-4194. Fungi have long been studied for their cholesterol-lowering compounds, known as statins and the derivatives through fermentation in laboratory investigations. Therefore, this study aimed to isolate and screen endophytic fungal strains from lemongrass capable of producing lovastatin. Endophytic fungi were isolated from the stems and leaves of lemongrass (Cymbopogon nardus) and the selection of their ability to produce lovastatin was assayed using three approaches, namely negative test against Candida albicans, measurement based on absorbance at a wavelength (?) of 230 nm or colorimetric assay, and observation using thin layer chromatography (TLC). A total of 22 endophytic fungi, 15 from the leaves and 7 from the stems were isolated from lemongrass. The capability to produce lovastatin was confirmed using three approaches, resulting in three potential fungal strains, namely Trichoderma sp. CNB 2.5.3, unidentified fungus CND 2.5.4, and Nigrospora sp. CND 2.1.1. Based on the colorimetric assay, the potential strains produced a significant zone of inhibition against C. albicans, with greater lovastatin levels than the other isolates. The TLC analysis showed that the fungal ethanolic extracts contained crude lovastatin as indicated from the same retention factor (Rf) value as standard lovastatin. The presence of lovastatin-producing endophytic fungi can be investigated progressively for optimum production through fermentation and evaluation of its cholesterol-lowering activity in the future.
Phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of methanol extract of Dillenia excelsa leaf LISDIANI LISDIANI; DWI SUSANTO; HETTY MANURUNG
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 7 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230760

Abstract

Abstract. Lisdiani, Susanto D, Manurung H. 2022. Phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of methanol extract of Dillenia excelsa leaf. Biodiversitas 23: 3827-3835. The aim of this study was to determine the phytochemical compounds, total flavonoid, and phenolic content, and antioxidant activity of the methanol extract of Dillenia excelsa (Jack) Martelli ex Gilg (or tanikkara) leaves. Sample D. excelsa leaves were obtained from swamp forests in Melintang Village, Muara Wis sub-district, Kutai Kartanegara district, East Kalimantan province, Indonesia. This research includes sample preparation, extraction and maceration, extract concentration using a rotary evaporator, phytochemical test, total phenolic andflavonoid content test, and antioxidant activity test using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) and Ferric reducing antioxidant power methods (FRAP). The results of this study indicate that the methanolic extract of D. excelsa leaves contains secondary metabolites, including alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, triterpenoids, and tannins. The total phenolic content was 181.25 g GAE/g extract, while the total flavonoid content was 36 g QE/g extract. The antioxidant activity of the methanol extract of D. excelsa leaf DPPH method had moderate activity strength with a value of IC50is 145 ppm, while the antioxidant activity of the methanol extract of D. excelsa leaf using the FRAP method has the highest antioxidant activity value at a concentration of 100 ppm with a value of 70.833%. The result indicated that the methanolic extract D. excelsa leaves had many metabolites and potentially an antioxidant.
Comparative leaf epidermis study in Habenaria spp. (Orchidaceae) from Thailand NOODUAN MUANGSAN; PIYAPORN SAENSOUK; THOTSAPORN CHANOKKHUN; SANTI WATTHANA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 8 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230838

Abstract

Abstract. Muangsan N, Saensouk P, Chanokkhun T, Watthana S. 2022. Comparative leaf epidermis study in Habenaria spp. (Orchidaceae) from Thailand. Biodiversitas 23: 4159-4168. The variation of epidermal and stomatal characteristics could be used for plant classification, including orchids. This study aimed to investigate leaf epidermis characters of Habenaria from Thailand and focused on the H. rhodocheila group and related species. Fourteen accessions belonging to 10 species were studied and compared. Epidermal peels were taken from the upper and lower surfaces of the leaves and were observed under a light microscope. The stomata of all accessions studied were distributed only in the lower epidermis, where they were hypostomatic and anomocytic. The epidermal cell density showed significant differences between the two surface sides. The stomatal size is significantly different among all samples. The highest stomatal index was presented in H. rostrata and the lowest on H. rhodocheila (red). There is no gap variation of epidermis characteristics in H. rhodocheila and its closely related species. It is indicated that the leaf epidermal characters are the shared characters of the genus Habenaria from Thailand. H. rostrata has tentatively separated from other species based on epidermal anatomical characteristics.
Identification of spatial data and ecology of Javan hawk-eagle's nest (Nisaetus bartelsi) in the Kondang Merak Coastal, South Malang, East Java, Indonesia Ratih RatnaSari Dewi Iskandar; Dewi Elfidasari; Dewi Malia Prawiradilaga
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 7 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230714

Abstract

Abstract. Iskandar RRD, Elfidasari D, Prawiradilaga DM. 2022. Identification of spatial data and ecology of Javan hawk-eagle's nest (Nisaetus bartelsi) in the Kondang Merak Coastal, South Malang, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 3419-3428. Ecological identification of the Javan hawk-eagle's habitat (Nisaetus bartelsi) is necessary to understand the support of its life, such as the spatial data in connection with its home range, nest location, and the use of nest trees. The species must choose a location that suits its needs. According to several studies, The Javan hawk-eagle's presence was only in highland forests. The new report of The Javan hawk-eagle occurrence in Merak Kondang coastal confirmed The Javan hawk-eagle's presence in lowland forest. The objective of this study was to identify the landscape characteristics that become the habitat preferences of The Javan hawk-eagle in Merak Kondang coastal, South Malang, East Java. Analysis used in this study included habitat suitability maps, plant vegetation, spatial analysis of tree canopy, and tree nest architecture analysis. The home range of the Javan hawk-eagle in the Kondang Merak coastal, South Malang, East Java, covered an area of 149.94 Ha. Most of the home range overlapped between Javan hawk-eagle individuals, including siblings and between an individual Javan hawk-eagle with other species of eagle. The Javan hawk-eagle used Spondias pinnata as nest trees with the architectural model Scarrone. It used 3 different tree species for perching, namely Pterocymbium javanicum, Anthocephalus cadamba, and Alstonia angustiloba. In the tree phase, the dominant vegetation type was Spondias pinnata (IVI) 43,16%, the pole phase that dominates was Mallotus paniculatus (IVI) 62.31%, the dominant vegetation of the stake phase was Garcinia forbesii, and the seedling phase was Arenga obtusifolia (IVI) 71.42%. The highest diversity index (H') was in the tree phase (H’=2,34), which was in the moderately abundant category and was at an elevation of 8% (flat).

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