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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,259 Documents
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Pollen viability and its effect on fruit set of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) ALFIN WIDIASTUTI; ENDAH RETNO PALUPI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 9 No. 1 (2008)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d090109

Abstract

The research was aimed at studying (1) the decline of pollen viability during storage, and (2) the effect of pollen amount on fruit set of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.). The experiment was conducted at PT. Dami Mas Sejahtera and PT. Sinar Mas Agro Resource and Technology (SMART) Tbk, Riau from February to August 2004. The first experiment was investigated up to six months storage period in the refrigerator, whereas in the second experiment a randomized complete block design with two factors was used: length of storage, i.e. 0, 1 and 2 months and amount of pollen, i.e. 0.022, 0.044, 0.066, 0.088, and 0.11 g mixed with powder to 10g to pollinate an inflorescence. The result showed that the viability of pollen started to decline three months after storage from about 92% to 83%, and declined to about 75% after six months of storage. Result of the second experiment showed that storage of pollen up to two months did not affect percentage ofnormal fruit, although the percentage of parthenocarpic fruits was decreased. This could be due to the high viability of pollen as the viability was remained high (about 90%) after being stored for two months in the refrigerator. Pollen with high viability could be used in a smaller amount to pollinate a female inflorescence without affecting fruit set of about 70-76%.SD037 had a higher reproductive success than SD038 and SD39.© 2008 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: pollen storage, fruit set, amount of pollen, oil palm, Elaeis guineensis
The inventory of mollusc species and its potent on seagrass bed in Kei Kecil Islands, Southeast Moluccas AGUS KUSNADI; TEDDY TRIANDIZA; UDHI EKO HERNAWAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 9 No. 1 (2008)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d090108

Abstract

Inventory of mollusk species and its potential on sea grass bed in Kei Kecil islands, Southeast Moluccas have been conducted by using quadrate-transect line method. The study was carried out in February-August 2007. There were 103 species of mollusk observed, 80 species belong to gastropods and 23 belong to bivalves. From the total species, 72 of them were reported as the potential species and the others still unknown. Most of potential group was used as food resources (55 species) and other species were potential as decoration, souvenir, ornament, and accessories (31 species). Some species were potential for building material, knife tool, barter tool and bioactive compounds. The top shells (Trochus niloticus), the giant clams (Tridacna spp. and Hippopus hippopus) and the abalone (Haliotis spp.) were the major trading commodities for shellfish fisheries.© 2008 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: inventory, mollusk, potency, Kei Kecil.
The use of miswak (Salvadora persica L.) extract to increase immune response of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) in cage HENNI SYAWAL; SYAFRIADIMAN SYAFRIADIMAN; SYAUQI HIDAYAH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 9 No. 1 (2008)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d090110

Abstract

The aim of this research was to increase immune response of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) in cage to microbial infection and environmental change. This research used completed randomized (RAL) one factor, four treatments and each of three replicates. This treatment was immersion extract miswak (Salvadora persica L.) dose 0, 4.5, 9, and 13.5 g/L. The cage 1 x 1 x 1.2 m, with density 50 fish/ cage (average initially 10-15 cm). Immersion was done once time a week along three weeks, l0 min, and after it fish reared in cage along 30 days. The response parameters assayed were survival rate, haematocrit, erythrocytes, leukocytes, and water quality. The results of experiment showed that the dose optimum 9 mg/L (P2) with survival rate 99.66% and P0 (70.66%). The level of haemotocrit was 18.93-34.36%, erythrocytes 3.597.000-6.112.000 cells/mL3, leukocytes 24.748-143.070 cells/mL3. It was concluded, which miswak extract at a dosage 9 mg/L can increase survival rate and immune response of common carp.© 2008 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: Salvadora persica L., Cyprinus carpio L., haematology.
REVIEW: Symbiosis between the Giant Clams (Bivalvia: Cardiidae) and Zooxanthellae (Dinophyceae) UDHI EKO HERNAWAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 9 No. 1 (2008)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d090112

Abstract

Giant clams are the largest bivalves in the world that maintain a mutual relationship with zooxanthellae. Individual giant clam can harbor heterogeneous zooxanthellae, at least four taxa in genus Symbiodinium. The Symbiodinium lives in the zooxanthellal tubular system, a tube structure arising from one of the diverticular duct of the clam’s stomach. Since the numbers of zooxanthellae is the one of some significant factors contributing to the clams growth and survival, the giant clams need to adjust the number of zooxanthellae for physiological reason with unclear mechanism. The important role of the symbiotic relationship to the clams can be seen on the survival, growth and nutrition of the clams. There are at least two significant factors determining the symbiosis, i.e. water temperature in related with level of light intensities and ammonium-phosphate rate. Some topic is still unclear, i.e. the determination of species in genus Symbiodinium, the mechanism for adjusting the population numbers of the algae and what kind of environmental factors determining the symbiosis. Thereby further research is still needed to clarify those missing.© 2008 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: giant clams, zooxanthellae, Symbiodinium, symbiosis
REVIEW: Research Ethnobotany in Indonesia and the Future Perspectives EKO BAROTO WALUJO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 9 No. 1 (2008)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d090113

Abstract

Indonesia is not only rich in its biodiversity but it is also well known as a country with high diversity of ethnicities. Each ethnic group has extensive experienced in the utilization and conservation of biological and ecological diversity. This biocultural richness has provided ethnobotanical researchers with endless research opportunities. Ethnobotanical study has a long history in Indonesia and dates back to the early Dutch colonization period when Dutch explorers and naturalists recorded the uses of plants used by the natives for food, medicine, buildings materials, etc. Based on research on Java, Hasskarl (1845) recorded 900 species of plants used by Indonesian communities. Previously, Rumphius (1750) in his monumental book "Herbarium Amboinense", reported the uses of several hundreds plants from Ambon and its vicinity. Recently, Indonesian scientists from both government and non-government organizations have given more attention to the importance of ethnobotany as a means of elaborating traditional knowledge, especially for economically useful and scientifically undiscovered plants. The talk will focus on ethnobotanical research performed by LIPI scientists at the Research Center for Biology in Bogor and the Indonesia Botanic Gardens. During the last 20 years, since the Indonesia' Ethnobotanical Museum was established. Indonesian scientists have documented the importance of ethnobotany, ethnomedicine, ethnomycology, ethnoentomology, and ethnoecology for conservation of traditional knowledge in relation to the economic botany and to other applied sciences. The meaning and scope of ethnobotany and its status including the future prospects, its contribution to the exploitation and conservation will be discuses in this paper.© 2008 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: ethnobotany, ethnomedicine, ethnomycology, ethnoecology, traditional knowledge, use of plants, Indonesia.
The possibility of palm oil mill effluent for biogas production EDWI MAHAJOENO; BIBIANA WIDIYATI LAY; SURJONO HADI SUTJAHJO; SISWANTO SISWANTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 9 No. 1 (2008)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d090111

Abstract

The world currently obtains its energy from the fossil fuels such as oil, natural gas and coal. However, the international crisis in the Middle East, rapid depletion of fossil fuel reserves as well as climate change have driven the world towards renewable energy sources which are abundant, untapped and environmentally friendly. Indonesia has abundant biomass resources generated from the agricultural industry particularly the large commodity, palm oil (Elaeis guiinensis Jacq.). The aims of the research were to (i) characterize palm oil mill effluent which will be used as source of biogas production, (ii) know the biotic and abiotic factors which effect POME substrate for biogas production by anaerobic digestion in bulk system. The results show that POME sludge generated from PT Pinago Utama mill is viscous, brown or grey and has an average total solid (TS) content of, 26.5-45.4, BOD is 23.5-29.3, COD is 49.0-63.6 and SS is 17.1-35.9 g/L, respectively. This substrate is a potential source of environmental pollutants. The biotic factors were kind and concentration of the inoculums, i.e. seed sludge of anaerobic lagoon II and 20% (w/v) respectively. Both physical and chemical factors such as pre-treated POME pH, pH neutralizer matter Ca (OH)2, temperature ≥40oC, agitation effect to increase biogas production, but in both coagulant concentration, FeCl2 were not.© 2008 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: characteristic of POME, biogas production, biotic and abiotic factors, batch system, laboratory scale
Review: Biflavonoid compounds of Selaginella Pal. Beauv. and its benefit AHMAD DWI SETYAWAN; LATIFAH KOSIM DARUSMAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 9 No. 1 (2008)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d090114

Abstract

In the present day, medicinal plants increasingly play important role in human health, while about 60-75% of world population depending on plants and their extracts for medication. Selaginella Pal. Beauv. (Selaginellaceae Reichb.) is a potent medicinal plant source. This plant contains biflavonoid compounds, a dimeric form of flavonoids. Flavonoids are secondary metabolite that is most used in medical purposes. They are often occurred in daily consumed vegetables and fruits. Chemical constituents of flavonoids are very diverse, because they are generated in many biosynthetic methods. There are many biflavonoid compounds of Selaginella, i.e. amentoflavone, 2',8''-biapigenin, ginkgetin, heveaflavone, hinokiflavone, isocryptomerine, kayaflavone, podocarpusflavone A, robustaflavone, sumaflavone, and taiwaniaflavone. For the plants, these biflavonoid are used to response environmental condition such as defense against pests, diseases, herbivory, and competitions; while for the people, these compounds are used as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti cancer, antimicrobial (antivirus, antibacterial, anti fungal, antiprotozoan), neuroprotective, vasorelaxant, anti UV-irradiation, antispasmodic, anti allergic, antihaemorrhagic, antinociceptive, etc. The antioxidant purpose of biflavonoid is the most important activities of this secondary metabolite. It is related to the anti cancer and anti-inflammatory functions. The antioxidant of biflavonoid is more powerful than β-carotene, vitamin C and E. In the future, Selaginella research exhaustively needs to be conducted on morphological and molecular characteristics. It deeply needs to explore on biflavonoid and other natural products constituents, and it also needs to search on their bioactivities.© 2008 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: flavonoid, biflavonoid, Selaginella.
Mangrove vegetation diversity after tsunami in east coastal area of Nangroe Aceh Darussalam FERI SURYAWAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 8 No. 4 (2007)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d080403

Abstract

It has been conducted the research on mangrove vegetation diversity after tsunami in East Coastal area of Aceh. The method used square method. Amount of mangrove species at tree growth stage was consisted of 9 species. Rhizophora mucronata has the highest important value index (118.62%). The density of mangrove at tree growth stage was 118 tree./hectare, the diversity index was H =1.67. Amount of mangrove species at sapling growth which was found consisted of 10 species. R. mucronata has the highest important value index (138.28%). The density at sapling growth stage was 633 sapling/hectare, the diversity index was H =1.78. The growth of mangrove at seedling stage was consisted of 10 species. It shows that R. mucronata has the highest important value index (50.92%). The densitymangrove at seedling growth stage was 4925 seedling/hectare, the diversity index was H =2.13.© 2007 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: mangrove, diversity, coastal
β-Glucan production of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in medium with different nitrogen sources in air-lift fermentor AHMAD THONTOWI; KUSMIATI KUSMIATI; SUKMA NUSWANTARA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 8 No. 4 (2007)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d080401

Abstract

β-Glucan is one of the most abundant polysaccharides in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall. The aim of this research is to explore an alternative nitrogen sources for β-glucan production. S. cerevisiae were grown in fermentation medium with different nitrogen sources. Peptone 2%, glutamic acid 0,5%, urea 0,2%, and diammonium hydrogen phosphate (DAHP) 0,02% were used for nitrogen source in the medium. A two liter air-lift fermentor was used in the fermentation process for 84 hours (T = 300C, pH 7, and 1.5 vvm for the aeration). During the fermentation, optical density, extraction of β-glucan, glucose and protein in hydrolisate cultured were determined. β-glucan production level is similar with the growth rate of yeast and followed by decreasing glucose and protein content in hydrolysis cultured. The highest and lowest β-glucan content were obtained from peptone (933.33 mg/L) and glutamic acid (633.33 mg/L) as a nitrogen source in cells cultured after fermentation completed respectively. Yeast cells cultured with urea and DAHP as a nitrogen source give the same content of β-glucan about 733.33 mg/L. β-glucan concentration produced in medium with urea was a higher than that produced usingglutamic acid and DAHP as a nitrogen source. The result indicated that urea can be used as an alternative nitrogen source for theproduction of β-glucan. Urea is easily available and cheaper than peptone, glutamic acid and DAHP.© 2007 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: β-glucan, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, air-lift fermentor
Type of intraspecific and interspecific interaction among three heron species, while foraging around Pulau Dua Nature Reserve, Serang, Banten's province DEWI ELFIDASARI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 8 No. 4 (2007)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d080404

Abstract

This research intends to know interaction type among three heron species while foraging around Pulau Dua Nature Reserve, SerangBanten's Province. Observational method that is utilized is direct observing up to 6 months, pictures taking supported watch utilizeHandycam by focal observation method, meanwhile data analyze was done by using scan sampling method. The research’s result points out that interaction during foraging for three species herons, namely Casmerodius albus, Egretta garzetta, and Bubulcus. Ibis, cover neutralism, competition and cooperation. C. albus showed cooperative's interaction as much as 66.67%. This interaction is happening between C. albus and Phalacrocorax sp. The competition and neutralism on C. albus each of them are 16.67%. E. garzetta showed neutralism as much as 50%, between E. garzetta and other waterbird which are Threskiornis melanocephalus and Plegadis falcinellus. Meanwhile, cooperative as high as 37.50% and competitions as high as 12.50%. B. ibis showed neutralism, as high as 44.44% between B. ibis and both Ardeola speciosa and P. falcinellus. Neutralism and competition interaction each of them are 33.33% and 22.22%.© 2007 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: interaction, cooperation, neutralism, competition, heron.

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