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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Therapeutic use of biologically produced sulfur nanoparticles from Allium fistulosum against antibiotic-resistant foodborne pathogens AISHA SADDIQUA; SHAKEEB ULLAH; MUHAMMAD SHUAIB KHAN; SAIFUR REHMAN; ADAMU ABDUL ABUBAKAR; KAMRAN SAFDAR; SUMERA ALI; SADAF JAVARIA; ARZO KANWAL; SYEDA NAYAB BATOOL; FARHEEN BHATTI; TEGUH HARI SUCIPTO; ARIF NUR MUHAMMAD ANSORI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 6 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250603

Abstract

Abstract. Saddiqua A, Ullah S, Khan MS, Rehman S, Abubakar AA, Safdar K, Ali S, Javaria S, Kanwal A, Batool SN, Bhatti F, Sucipto TH, Ansori ANM. 2024. Therapeutic use of biologically produced sulfur nanoparticles from Allium fistulosum against antibiotic-resistant foodborne pathogens. Biodiversitas 25: 2348-2354. Food spoilage is a significant issue since foodborne illnesses affect millionsworldwide. The main root cause of food spoilage is the presence of microbes, some of which show resistance to commercially available antibiotic drugs. Therefore, it is essential to search for fresh and effective antibacterial medications. Nanotechnology can give solutions to fight against foodborne pathogens. Sulfur nanoparticles show many beneficial and effective results as antimicrobial agents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of biologically synthesized sulfur nanoparticles from Allium fistulosum to inhibit antibiotic-resistant foodborne pathogens. The green synthesis of sulfur nanoparticles was done by combining plant leaf extract with sodium sulfide. This study used the plant Allium fistulosum to make sulfur nanoparticles. The characterization of SNPs was done through a scanning electron microscope, UV spectrophotometer, fourier transform infrared spectrometer, and nanoparticle tracking analysis. Then, the antimicrobial properties of the bioengineered sulfur-based nanoparticles against foodborne pathogens were checked alone and in combination with market-available antibacterial agents. Aspergillus flavus and Salmonella typhi were among the foodborne pathogens against which SNPs' in-vitro antibacterial activity was tested. Sulfur nanoparticles from Allium fistulosum had 291 nm absorption spectra showing to be almost 100 nm in size and had a spherical shape. The strongest antibacterial efficacy against S. typhi was observed by SNPs (24 mm). Synergistic antibacterial action was seen when nanoparticles were combined with antibiotics of commercial importance. A noticeable antifungal effect against A. flavus was observed by combining SNPs with amphotericin B. The findings of in vitro studies prove that novely designed sulfur nanoparticle have profound impacts on microorganisms. It was also observed that the effect of antibiotics like ampicillin and amphotericin B was enhanced when coupled with nanoparticles.
Characterization of thermophilic bacteria from Ie Seum Hot Springs, Aceh Besar, Indonesia as producers of protease enzyme ELITA SABARIA; YEKKI YASMIN; YULIA S. ISMAIL; MOHAMMAD A. BESSANIA; ISNAINI PUTRI; LENNI FITRI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 5 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250502

Abstract

Abstract. Sabaria E, Yasmin Y, Ismail YS, Bessania MA, Putri I, Fitri L. 2024. Characterization of thermophilic bacteria from Ie Seum Hot Springs, Aceh Besar, Indonesia as producers of protease enzyme. Biodiversitas 25: 1867-1874. Thermophilic bacteria are microorganisms that can survive in high-temperature environments exceeding 75°C. The Ie Seum Hot Springs in Aceh Besar, Indonesia are known to be a place where these thermophilic bacteria inhabit. In such extreme conditions, proteins and enzymes are often denatured, making these bacteria of interest due to their ability to adapt and produce enzymes such as proteases. Proteases are called proteolytic enzymes that can be applied both in the economic and medical fields. This study aimed to isolate and identify thermophilic bacteria species that have the highest potential for protease production in Ie Seum Hot Spring, Aceh Besar by analyzing the 16S rRNA gene and characterizing them using biochemical tests. Based on the result, seven thermophilic bacterial isolates, namely BT1, BT2, BT3, BT4, BT5, BT6, and BT7 were obtained, each showing different colony characteristics. The biochemical tests also revealed differences metabolic activity of each isolate. Of these isolates, BT4 exhibited the highest proteolytic index (4.65). Additionally, the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the BT4 strain belongs to the genus Bacillus and has high similarities to Bacillus sp., B. licheniformis and B. sonorensis. These findings suggest that BT4 has significant potential as a source of thermophilic protease enzymes.
Floristic diversity of Naungan mangrove ecosystem in Ormoc, the largest port city in Leyte, Philippines ARTURO E. PASA; VAL JASON D. SOLANO; SHAINA MAE S. FIGUEROA; ERNIE O. VALENZONA; ANNE FRANCES V. BUHAY; INOCENCIO E. BUOT JR
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 5 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250527

Abstract

Abstract. Pasa AE, Solano VJD, Figueroa SMS, Valenzona EO, Buhay AFV, Buot Jr IE. 2024. Floristic diversity of Naungan mangrove ecosystem in Ormoc, the largest port city in Leyte, Philippines. Biodiversitas 25: 2093-2103. Assessing the floristic diversity of the Naungan mangrove ecosystem in Ormoc, the largest port city in Leyte and a highly susceptible area to geologic and natural hazards, extreme weather events and human disturbances, is vital to determine available resources and ecosystem services for communities. This study aimed to evaluate the present state of the mangrove ecosystem in Naungan by analyzing its floristic diversity, composition, and structural characteristics. A total of 55 nested quadrats were established as observation points, measuring 10 m x 10 m and 5 m x 5 m to document the upper canopy and understorey vegetation, respectively. Mangroves with a diameter of 10 cm and above were recorded for the upper canopy while plants with diameter below 10 cm were recorded for the understorey. Results showed that the upper canopy vegetation has a total of 331 individuals of which are 10 tree species belonging to 8 families while the understorey canopy has a total of 1,310 individuals of which are 23 species belonging to 15 families. The diversity of upper canopy vegetation, as measured by the Shannon index, is notably low at 1.492. Similarly, the understorey diversity, with a value of 2.198, falls into the low category. When considering the combined diversity of both upper and lower canopies, the overall score remains low at 2.176. Avicennia marina is the most dominant upperstorey species with a relative abundance of 0.39275 followed by Sonneratia alba with 0.27492 and Avicennia officinalis with 0.16012. The understorey is also dominated by Avicennia marina with a relative abundance of 0.352672 followed by Nypa fruticans with 0.118321 and Rhizophora apiculata with 0.10229. Aegiceras floridum and Ceriops decandra are “nearly threatened” while the other species are under the “least concern” category. The area is managed by a people’s organization but threats such as fishpond establishment, road construction, and subsistence farming remain and are expected to affect mangrove diversity and ecosystem services. A mangrove ecosystem conservation framework is proposed, incorporating the importance of policy intervention and local participation in realizing sustainable mangrove ecosystems and stable provisions of the ecosystem services.
Mangrove forest composition, diversity, and disturbances in Carcar City and Sibonga Municipality, Southern Cebu Island, Philippines EDGARDO P. LILLO; ARCHIEBALD B. MALAKI; STEVE MICHAEL T. ALCAZAR; MARIA LEVY M. CHAVEZ; RAAMAH ROSALES; CHRISTINE JOY TOMOL; ERWIN M. PANTINOPLE; BERNARDO R. REDOBLADO; MARVIN A. MARGATE; JOHN LOU DIAZ; JETHER L. ISABELO; BEATRICE NICOLE R. CAGARA; MICHELLE ABRIGANA; JIMMY E. MAGO; DEMETRIO M. CAÑARIJO III; IAN REY G. SANCHEZ; MARIA ERICKA OBANDO; JACINTO BELAÑIZO; ROLAND BECERIL; JENELYN CARREON; GLORY GRACE G. DIAZ; CHRISTINE FAYE O. GONZAGA; CHERYLEN R. DAVIRAO; MARY JANE S. REVILLAS; JOHN MARK LIM; EDUARD P. LILLO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 5 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250521

Abstract

Abstract. Lillo EP, Malaki AB, Alcazar SMT, Chavez MLM, Rosales R, Tomol CJ, Pantinople EM, Redoblado BR, Margate MA, Diaz JL, Isabelo JL, Cagara BNR, Abrigana M, Mago JE, Cañarijo III DM, Sanchez IRG, Obando ME, Belañizo J, Beceril R, Carreon J, Diaz GGG, Gonzaga CFO, Davirao CR, Revillas MJS, Lim JM, Lillo EP. 2024. Mangrove forest composition, diversity, and disturbances in Carcar City and Sibonga Municipality, Southern Cebu Island, Philippines. Biodiversitas 25: 2035-2043. Mangrove forests are one of the world’s most vulnerable tropical ecosystems. The study assessed the mangrove forest composition, diversity, and disturbances in Sibonga Municipality and Carcar City, Cebu Island, Philippines, as a basis for its conservation planning. A transect line was established for a minimum length of 1000 m and a maximum of 2000 m (seaward, middleward, and landward), at an interval of 100 meters. A 10 × 10 m quadrant was established within the transect line at 250 m intervals resulted in a total of 108 plots. Disturbances and threats in two sampling sites were evaluated through direct field observations and interview, and analyzed using the Beynen and Townsend disturbance index. The study identified 22 true mangrove species categorized into 11 families and 14 genera with Excoecaria agallocha L., Sonneratia alba Sm., Rhizophora apiculata Blume, and Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh dominating both sites. The endangered Pemphis acidula J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. was recorded in Sibonga. Aside from low diversity, both sites exhibited a high disturbance index due to illegal activities such as cutting, charcoal production, and land conversion. Such disturbances affects biodiversity and threatens coastal community. Urgent local government action is needed to preserve these ecosystems, emphasizing awareness and community involvement for long-term survival.
Spatial Distribution and Association of Gastropods in Mangrove Ecosystem in The Coast of Nusa Lembongan and Perancak Bali DIANA RIFKA SIMANULLANG; DIETRIECH GEOFFREY BENGEN; NYOMAN M. N. NATIH; NEVIATY PUTRI ZAMANI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 6 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250607

Abstract

Lembongan Island and Perancak are two areas located in Bali Province that have mangrove ecosystems that are utilized as ecotourism areas with different geomorphologies. This study was conducted with the aim to determine the density and spatial distribution of gastropods and their relationship with environmental characteristics using a multivariate analysis approach i.e., Correspondence Analysis (CA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Sampling used a purposive sampling method consisting of 3 zones based on distance from the sea, namely the sea, middle and land zones. The results showed that the most gastropod species in Lembongan Island were found in the sea zone with 17 which the most gastropod species is Pyrene ocellata, while in Perancak the most gastropod species were found in the middle zone with 13 which the most gastropod species is Sphaerasiminea miniata. Environmental characteristics such as temperature, pH, ORP, salinity and dissolved oxygen still support the survival of gastropods. There is twelve mangrove species have found, were Rhizopora stylosa, Rhizopora apiculata, Rhizopora mucronata, Rhizopora lamarckii, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Ceriops tagal, Avicennia marina, Avicennia alba, Avicennia rumphiana, Avicennia officinalis, Sonneratia alba, and  Xylocarpus granatum.
Lichen diversity and taxonomy in Bukit Barisan Grand Forest Park, North Sumatra, Indonesia OKY KUSUMA ATNI; ERMAN MUNIR; ETTI SARTINA SIREGAR; M. N. SALEH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250431

Abstract

Abstract. Atni OK, Munir E, Siregar ES, Saleh MN. 2024. Lichen diversity and taxonomy in Bukit Barisan Grand Forest Park, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 1623-1630. Located in Bandar Baru Village, Deli Serdang District, North Sumatra, Bukit Barisan Grand Forest Park stands out for its uniqueness and high biodiversity, including lichens. This study aims to identify and map lichen diversity in the research area. Surveys were conducted from January to February 2024 using an exploratory method along designated tracks. Therefore, 57 lichen species from 23 families and 38 genera were found. Based on their thallus types, 26 lichen species were identified as crustose, 17 as foliose, 6 as squamulose, 5 as fruticose, and 3 as filamentous. Reproductive structures varied, 13 species possessed apothecia, soredia, and lacked distinguishable reproductive structures, 10 had lirellae, 7 had perithecia, and 2 had isidia. Graphidaceae emerged as the most prevalent family with 8 species, predominantly growing on bark substrates. Although lichen distribution correlated with pH levels, its correlation with the preference for lower pH levels was low. Host trees from the Pinaceae and Lauraceae families were the most populated by lichens in this study. Research on lichen diversity in Bukit Barisan Grand Forest Park is crucial, considering the increasing development and deforestation in North Sumatra. A more comprehensive study of lichens is urgently required.
Morphology and morphometric of Tetragonula biroi bees at three different altitudes in South Sulawesi, Indonesia ANDI PRASTIYO; SITTI NURAENI; BUDIAMAN BUDIAMAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 5 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250516

Abstract

Abstract. Prastiyo A, Nuraeni S, Budiaman. 2024. Morphology and morphometric of Tetragonula biroi bees at three different altitudes in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 1993-2002. Tetragonula biroi Friese 1898 is a stingless bee species that plays an essential role in pollination and environmental conservation. This research is important because bees play a crucial role as pollinators for the sustainability of plants, and morphometric measurements can reveal patterns of adaptation and the potential production of products generated by these bees. This research aims to analyze the morphological and morphometric variations of T. biroi at three different altitudes in South Sulawesi. The study was conducted from November 2023 to January 2024, with sampling points in lowland (158 meters above sea level or masl), midland (417 masl), and highland (709 masl), using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) test using XLSTAT and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test using program SPSS. Observations of T. biroi morphology at the three locations were generally similar, with a black body color tinged with brown and characteristic hamuli numbering five. The morphometric analysis involved measuring body dimensions of T. biroi across 35 characters/sections of the external body, and the one-way ANOVA test results showed that the dominant characters significantly influencing were body length (BL) and length of fore wing, including tegula (WL1). T. biroi bees at lowlands tend to have smaller bodies, measuring 3.73±0.09 mm, while those at higher altitudes tend to have larger bodies, measuring 4.09±0.14 mm. This indicates adaptation to environmental conditions such as temperature (26.75C), humidity (81%), and dominant vegetation (Cocos nucifera L.) in lowland, which influence bee adaptation, as well as in midland and highland areas. This research provides a better understanding of morphological and morphometric variations in T. biroi bees at various altitudes in South Sulawesi. The morphology and morphometrics description of bees is crucial in determining the growth and production of a species.
Habitat of the amphibious mudskipper Periophtalmodon schlosseri in Songkhla Lake, Thailand MANASAWAN SAENGSAKDA PATTARATUMRONG; THANIDA POMPHA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 5 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250503

Abstract

Abstract. Pattaratumrong MS, Pompha T. 2024. Habitat of the amphibious mudskipper Periophtalmodon schlosseri in Songkhla Lake, Thailand. Biodiversitas 25: 1875-1881. This study aimed to investigate the preferred habitat of giant mudskippers, Periophtalmodon schlosseri Pallas 1770. It was conducted from August to October 2022 at six sampling stations in Koh Yoh, a small island in the Lower Songkhla Lake. Environmental parameters such as organic matter and organic carbon in sediment, temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and substrate were observed. The results indicate that the density of giant mudskipper weak to moderate correlates with all studied environmental parameters (P<0.05). Within the study area, the highest population density of P. schlosseri was recorded in the mudflat habitat adjacent to mangroves, and the lowest density was recorded in the mudflat habitat with a seawall, absent with nearby mangroves. This study suggests that environmental conditions affect the abundance of giant mudskippers, but this does not reach the limiting threshold; the more influential factor for this species is the character of the habitat. The mangrove habitat should be conserved and protected from development and urbanization. These results provide insights into the preferred habitat and offer a better understanding of the ecology of these fishes in the estuarine lake.
Plankton distribution, abundance, diversity, and its potential in the tropical man-made lakes of Kenyir and Temenggor in Peninsular Malaysia FAISAL OTHMAN; AMIRAH YUSLAN; HIDAYU SUHAIMI; NIZALMIE AZANI; ABU HENA MUSTAFA KAMAL; AMIR SHAH RUDDIN M. D. SAH; NADIAH W. RASDI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 8 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250805

Abstract

Abstract. Othman F, Yuslan A, Suhaimi H, Azani N, Kamal AHM, Sah ASRMD, Rasdi NW. 2024. Plankton distribution, abundance, diversity, and its potential in the tropical man-made lakes of Kenyir and Temenggor in Peninsular Malaysia. Biodiversitas 25: 3342-3358. Kenyir and Temenggor Lakes, the largest artificial lakes in Malaysia, are the focus of this study due to their unique ecological characteristics and the limited information available. The study aimed to determine the diversity and abundance of plankton in various habitat ecosystems along Kenyir Lake and Temenggor Lake. The selection of three distinct sampling points, namely sampling point A (coastal zone), sampling point B (lotic zone), and sampling point C (lentic zone), was a strategic decision to ensure a comprehensive representation of the diverse habitat conditions. Samples were collected horizontally using a 30-micrometer-sized plankton net. At Kenyir Lake, thirty-two phytoplankton species were recorded, the major division of phytoplankton, with two hundred twenty-eight individuals belonging to Charophyta (43.75%). For zooplankton, Arthropoda (83.3%) was the highest recorded. At Temenggor Lake, thirty-one species of phytoplankton were recorded. The major division with one hundred sixty-five individuals belonging to Charophyta (32.3%). For zooplankton, the major division with two hundred forty-two individuals belonging to Arthropoda (82.4%). The Shannon diversity index, evenness, and species richness measurements revealed a range of index values due to variation in plankton species due to interaction and habitat conditions. The variation in planktonic abundance in Kenyir Lake and Temenggor Lake was attributed to their habitat preferences due to the freshwater lake's ecosystem's different zones and conditions.
Phytochemical profile, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antimicrobial activities of Parkia timoriana bark extracts ATMIRA SARIWATI; VENTY SURYANTI; FITA SARI; ICHIRO KAMEI; ELYNA WAHYU TRISNAWATI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 6 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250611

Abstract

Abstract. Sariwati A, Suryanti V, Sari F, Kamei I, Trisnawati EW. 2024. Phytochemical profile, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antimicrobial activities of Parkia timoriana bark extracts. Biodiversitas 25: 2427-2433. Plants have various bioactive compounds that have pharmacological activity. Kedawung (Parkia timoriana (DC) Merr) is an indigenous plant in Indonesia that contains bioactive compounds. The leaves, bark, seeds, and roots of P. timoriana are commonly used in traditional medicine. The purpose of this study was to determine the chemical composition of P. timoriana bark extract and to assess its antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antibacterial activity. The bark of P. timoriana was extracted with various solvents that differ in polarity, such as water, methanol, ethyl acetate, and hexane. All extracts were investigated for antioxidant activities by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) (DPPH) free-radical and 2,2’-azinobis (3-ethylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulfonic-acid) (ABTS) scavenging ability. The in-vitro antidiabetic activity was carried out by ?-amylase and ?-glucosidase inhibition. Antibacterial and antifungal activities were determined by the agar disc diffusion method. Parkia timoriana bark extracts contained alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, tannins, terpenoids, saponins, reducing sugars, and cardiac glycosides. The ethyl acetate extract possessed the highest total phenolics, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannic acid, and terpenoids. Secondary metabolites in all extracts contributed to free radical scavenging, antidiabetic, antibacterial, and antifungal properties. The P. timoriana bark contains natural chemical compounds that might be useful as therapeutic agents for producing bioactive products and pharmaceuticals in the future.

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