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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,259 Documents
 620   621   622   623   624 
MaxEnt-based habitat suitability of the Rinjani scops-owl on Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia GITO HADIPRAYITNO; GDE CAHYADI WIRAJAGAT; I WAYAN SUANA; SRI APRILILIA NUR LARASATI; BAHTIAR ARDDUN ASYAFIQ; TRI SETIA KURNIA NURI; MOHAMMAD LIWA ILHAMDI; RIZKY REGINA KAWIRIAN; PUGUH KARYANTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 5 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270501

Abstract

Abstract. Hadiprayitno G, Wirajagat GC, Suana IW, Larasati SAN, Asyafiq BA, Nuri TSK, Ilhamdi ML, Kawirian RR, Karyanto P. 2026. MaxEnt-based habitat suitability of the Rinjani scops-owl on Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (5): d270501. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270501. This research models the habitat suitability of the Rinjani scops-owl (Otus jolandae) by identifying key environmental factors influencing its distribution on Lombok Island, Indonesia, through Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt). Field surveys conducted between 2020 and 2023 at 135 sites, using point counts aided by vocalization techniques, yielded 298 detections, which were spatially filtered to 29 distinct occurrence points. The spatial distribution was modeled using four non-collinear environmental predictors: elevation, distance to human settlements, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and slope. The model's performance was assessed using the Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (AUC-ROC) Curve. A thresholding approach based on the 10th percentile of the training presence (P10) was employed to define the binary suitable habitat distribution from the complementary log-log (cloglog) output. The model achieved a mean AUC of 0.794 (±0.078 SD), indicating a reliable distinction between suitable and unsuitable areas. Elevation emerged as the most significant predictor, contributing 53.4% and having a permutation importance of 50.1%. Suitable habitats were primarily located in mid-elevation forests (600-1,000 m asl) with high NDVI and gentle slopes. The total predicted suitable habitat spanned 2,635.09 km², accounting for approximately 57.7% of the island's total area (4,570.66 km²). The model identified 626.116 km² of high suitability and 528.50 km² of very high suitability, covering both protected and non-protected areas. Areas of moderate suitability (724.334 km²) and low suitability (756.141 km²) were more widespread. Conservation efforts should focus on protecting mid-elevation core habitats by maintaining the canopy to support foraging and breeding. In non-protected areas, targeted restoration and forest patch protection are crucial to expanding suitable habitats, reinforcing buffer zones, and enhancing landscape connectivity.
Avian diversity and conservation value in Tram Chim Ramsar site, Mekong Delta, Vietnam LE DIEM KIEU; LE NHAT BAN; PHAM QUOC NGUYEN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 5 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270504

Abstract

Abstract. Kieu LD, Ban LN, Nguyen PQ. 2026. Avian diversity and conservation value in Tram Chim Ramsar site, Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Biodiversitas 27 (5): d270504. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270504. Tram Chim National Park is a Ramsar site in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam, which is important for the conservation of bird species in Vietnam and migratory species worldwide. This study assessed the biodiversity, conservation value, and population structure of birds in the Tram Chim National Park Ramsar site using direct observation of 23 transects, conducted monthly throughout 2022. The survey recorded 139 bird species across 49 families and 17 orders. The bird community showed high biodiversity and uniformity, which was relatively stable between the dry and rainy seasons (p>0.05), with d, H’ and J’ values 8.14-11.97, 2.24-3.38 and 0.52-0.75, respectively. However, the biodiversity of the bird community continued to decline significantly in both richness and uniformity during the transitional months (June, July, November and December). The presence of numerous migratory and endangered bird species, as listed in the IUCN, CITES, and the Vietnam Red Book, confirms that the Tram Chim Ramsar Site is a crucial link in the global conservation of bird species. The structure of migratory birds, forest/water birds, and feeding groups fluctuated seasonally. The results of this study suggest that maintaining biodiversity resilience requires appropriate hydrological management informed by seasonal ecological information, ensuring the long-term conservation function of the global bird migration network.
An integrative taxonomic reassessment of Kandelia candel (Rhizophoraceae), a true mangrove of Thailand CHATCHAI NGERNSAENGSARUAY; SUWIMON UTHAIRATSAMEE; NITTAYA MIANMIT; TAMANAI PRAVINVONGVUTHI; CHONLAWIT SAMART
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270210

Abstract

Abstract. Ngernsaengsaruay C, Uthairatsamee S, Mianmit N, Pravinvongvuthi T, Samart C. 2026. An integrative taxonomic reassessment of Kandelia candel (Rhizophoraceae), a true mangrove of Thailand. Biodiversitas 27 (2): d270210. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270210. Kandelia candel (Rhizophoraceae, Rhizophoreae) is revised for Thailand based on an integrative taxonomic reassessment combining morphology, leaf anatomy, pollen morphology, and conservation assessment. This study aims to clarify the taxonomic identity, national distribution, and conservation status of the species through examinations of herbarium specimens and field collections. A detailed morphological description and illustrations are provided, together with notes on distribution, habitat, ecology, phenology, etymology, vernacular names, uses, and specimens examined. Leaf anatomical characters were investigated using light microscopy, pollen morphology was examined following standard palynological methods, and a preliminary conservation assessment was conducted in accordance with the IUCN Red List categories and criteria. In Thailand, K. candel occurs as a shrub or small tree and is rare, being confined to the south-eastern and peninsular regions. Leaves are bifacial and composed of five principal tissue layers, exhibiting anatomical adaptations typical of mangrove species, including thick cuticles, sunken stomata restricted to the abaxial surface, large hypodermal cells, and cork warts. Pollen grains are monads, isopolar, tricolporate, suboblate to subprolate or oblate-spheroidal in shape, small to medium in size, and characterized by perforate exine sculpturing. Although the species has a wide global Extent of Occurrence (EOO: 9,344,077.01 km²) and is assessed as Least Concern (LC) at the global level, its distribution in Thailand is highly restricted, with a small national EOO (52,021.25 km²) and Area of Occupancy (AOO: 40 km²). This national rarity has important implications for mangrove management and conservation planning, as locally limited populations may be more sensitive to habitat loss and coastal disturbance. This study represents the first integrative taxonomic revision of K. candel for Thailand and provides a baseline dataset for future national conservation assessments and studies on mangrove biodiversity.
Prospects for the conservation of Fraxinus sogdiana through micropropagation and slow growth storage approaches AIZHAN RAKHIMZHANOVA; BALNUR KALI; NURBEK ZHUMABAY; DILNUR TUSSIPKAN; SHUGA MANABAYEVA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 4 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270421

Abstract

Abstract. Rakhimzhanova A, Kali B, Zhumabay N, Tussipkan D, Manabayeva S. 2026. Prospects for the conservation of Fraxinus sogdiana through micropropagation and slow growth storage approaches. Biodiversitas 27 (4): d270421. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270421. Fraxinus sogdiana is a rare species listed in the Red Book of Kazakhstan, highlighting the urgent need for effective conservation strategies. This study aims to develop an effective micropropagation protocol, slow growth storage approaches and analyze phylogenetic relationships by comparing F. sogdiana from Kazakhstan with species from the NCBI database. The results of this study demonstrate that the DKW medium outperformed the MS medium in promoting shoot development. A DKW-based MP-V medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L BAP, 0.1 mg/L NAA, and 0.5 mg/L gibberellic acid was found to be optimal for shoot proliferation. This resulted in maximum shoot lengths of 11.54 cm and an average of seven shoots per explant. High concentrations of BAP alone inhibited shoot formation. In slow-growth storage experiments, the addition of 0.5 mg/L CCC provided the best balance between shoot survival and growth retardation. In contrast, mannitol and ABA suppressed shoot development and decreased the survival rate. Based on their ITS patterns, five main groups were identified according to the sections of genus Fraxinus, including Fraxinus, Sciadanthus, Melioides, Pauciflorae, and Ornus. Notably, seven sequences from the species Fraxinus angustifolia, Fraxinus obliqua, Fraxinus sogdiana, and Fraxinus turkestanika, previously considered synonyms, were grouped together with strong bootstrap support. The results of the matK and rbcL gene patterns did not correspond to clearly defined taxonomic groups according to sections. The main finding of the matK gene region analysis was that the populations from Kazakhstan and China were closely related, as indicated by a high bootstrap value. These findings provide an effective protocol for preserving the genetic resources of F. sogdiana, as well as a phylogenetic framework to support future biotechnological and molecular studies.
Ecological contribution of local Beauveria bassiana isolate to pest regulation and rice yield in tropical agroecosystems MUHAMMAD RIADH ULUPUTTY; CHRISTOFFOL LEIWAKABESSY; NURENY GOO; ABRAHAM TALAHATURUSON; AMINUDIN UMASANGAJI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 5 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270521

Abstract

Abstract. Uluputty MR, Leiwakabessy C, Goo N, Talahaturuson A, Umasangaji A. 2026. Ecological contribution of local Beauveria bassiana isolate to pest regulation and rice yield in tropical agroecosystems. Biodiversitas 27 (5): d270521. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270521. The brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) is a major pest in rice agroecosystems, causing significant yield losses. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a local Beauveria bassiana isolate in controlling planthopper populations and its potential implications for agroecosystem management under field conditions. The experiment was conducted in an organically managed rice field in Ambon, Indonesia, using a randomized block design with five treatments and five replications. Observations included apparent mortality, population density, attack intensity, and rice yield. The results showed that the application of B. bassiana increased apparent mortality from 15.2% in the control to 73.8-78.5% in treated plots, reduced population density from 139.1 to 30.4-42.6 individuals per plot, and decreased attack intensity from 60.3% to 5.3-6.1%. Rice productivity also increased from 4.52 t ha⁻¹ in the control to 5.84-6.12 t ha⁻¹ following fungal application. However, mortality was assessed as apparent mortality based on population reduction, and no direct confirmation of fungal infection or environmental variables was conducted. These findings suggest that locally adapted entomopathogenic fungi can contribute to pest regulation, support microbial biodiversity, enhance sustainable rice production, and strengthen ecologically based integrated pest management strategies in tropical agroecosystems under diverse environmental conditions.
Identifying spatial interaction zones between humans and long-tailed macaques in the Mount Merbabu landscape, Indonesia NURPANA SULAKSONO; IKE NURJUITA NAYASILANA; YAYAN HADIYAN; SUBYANTORO TRI PRADOPO; ANGGIT HARYOSO; JAROT WAHYUDI; DHANA PUSPITA ADININGTYAS; RIZKI ANDIKA PUTRA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 4 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270414

Abstract

Abstract. Sulaksono N, Nayasilana IN, Hadiyan Y, Pradopo ST, Haryoso A, Wahyudi J, Adiningtyas DP, Putra RA. 2026. Identifying spatial interaction zones between humans and long-tailed macaques in the Mount Merbabu landscape, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (4): d270414. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270414. Human-long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) interactions are an increasing conservation and management concern in Indonesia, particularly within forest-agriculture-settlement mosaics surrounding protected areas. This study aimed to identify spatial interaction zones between humans and long-tailed macaques using habitat suitability modeling in the Mount Merbabu landscape. Habitat suitability was modeled using the Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) algorithm based on occurrence records from direct field encounters and indirect evidence of macaque presence. Model complexity was optimized using the ENMeval framework based on the Akaike Information Criterion corrected for small sample sizes (AICc), cross-validated AUC, and omission rate. Eight environmental and anthropogenic predictors representing topography, vegetation, disturbance, and human proximity were included in the model. The final model showed stable predictive performance (cross-validated AUC: 0.7469±0.1023). Distance to burned areas emerged as the strongest predictor, followed by distance to settlements and land cover. Suitable habitat covered 4,131.71 ha (25.80%) of the interaction analysis area (16,010.88 ha) outside the national park and extended beyond forest interiors into surrounding agricultural and settlement landscapes. Moderate and high interaction zones (3,511.44 ha and 620.28 ha, respectively) formed localized clusters along forest-agriculture transition areas surrounding the national park. Sensitivity analysis showed that the spatial configuration of interaction zones remained consistent across alternative occurrence models. These mapped zones represent relative spatial interaction potential derived from macaque occurrence patterns and their overlap with human land use, rather than direct predictions of conflict incidence. The results demonstrate that MaxEnt-based spatial modeling provides a useful framework for identifying potential human-wildlife interaction zones and supporting spatially targeted mitigation in protected-area buffer landscapes.
Evaluation of native Zoysia japonica and Zoysia matrella accessions on river sediment and Alfisol media for turfgrass quality in Indonesia RAHAYU RAHAYU; ZAINAL ISA ABIDIN; GANJAR HERDIANSYAH; SUPRIYADI SUPRIYADI; AGUSTIN AYU SAPUTRI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 6 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270601

Abstract

Abstract. Rahayu, Abidin ZI, Herdiansyah G, Supriyadi, Saputri AA. 2026. Evaluation of native Zoysia japonica and Zoysia matrella accessions on river sediment and Alfisol media for turfgrass quality in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (6): d270601. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270601. Native turfgrass species in Indonesia have considerable potential for landscape and sports field applications; however, comparative evaluations of different accessions under contrasting soil media remain limited. This study evaluated the turf quality performance of several native accessions of Zoysia japonica and Zoysia matrella grown in two soil types, river sediment and Alfisol. The experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Turf performance was assessed using visual and functional quality parameters based on the National Turfgrass Evaluation Program (NTEP) scoring system. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) to determine significant differences among treatments. The results showed that soil media significantly influenced several turf quality traits. ANOVA revealed significant interactions between accession and growing media (p<0.05), indicating genotype-specific responses to soil conditions. In general, river sediment provided more favorable conditions for turf growth than Alfisol. Among the evaluated accessions, the Kopeng accession of Z. matrella showed the highest visual quality, with scores approximately 1.92% higher than Zeon on sediment and 48.78% higher on Alfisol. Compared with Zmeet, Kopeng also showed higher visual quality, reaching 44.71% on sediment and 46.47% on Alfisol. Overall, Z. matrella accessions showed higher visual quality, whereas Z. japonica tended to exhibit better functional traits under sediment conditions. These findings demonstrate that selected Indonesian Zoysia accessions possess high adaptability and competitive turf quality, supporting their potential as locally adapted alternatives to imported cultivars for sports fields and landscape applications. The study provides important baseline information for turfgrass management and breeding programs aimed at improving turf performance in Indonesian environments. Z. japonica accession in higher elevation showed better quality, while Z. matrella showed better quality in relatively lower elevation.
Short Communication:  COI-based molecular identification of bagworms (Psychidae) from an oil palm plantation in Muara Enim, South Sumatra, Indonesia ERISE ANGGRAINI; SYA’BANI ZUHRI; SITI HERLINDA; WEI HONG LAU; AHMAD MUSLIM; CHANDRA IRSAN; SUWANDI SUWANDI; RAMAYUDA RAMAYUDA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270212

Abstract

Abstract. Anggraini E, Zuhri S, Herlinda S, Lau WH, Muslim A, Irsan C, Suwandi S, Ramayudha R. 2026. Short Communication: COI-based molecular identification of bagworms (Psychidae) from an oil palm plantation in Muara Enim, South Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (2): d270212. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270212. Bagworms (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) are major defoliating pests of oil palm in Southeast Asia, yet accurate species identification is often hindered by morphological similarity and phenotypic plasticity of larval cases. This study aimed to confirm the identity of bagworm species collected from an oil palm plantation in Muara Enim, South Sumatra, Indonesia, using an integrated approach combining mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) barcoding and morphological assessment. A total of 12 larvae representing four field morphotypes were collected, of which 10 high-quality COI sequences were obtained. Nucleotide sequences were translated into amino acids, and phylogenetic reconstruction was performed using 211 aligned amino acid positions under the best-fit substitution model (MTVER+G4) selected by Bayesian Information Criterion. Maximum likelihood analysis recovered four distinct lineages corresponding to Mahasena corbetti, Pteroma pendula, a distinct Pteroma lineage, and Metisa plana. Specimens initially identified in the field as Clania tertia clustered within the genus Pteroma, indicating morphology-based misidentification. Despite moderate nucleotide similarity (~89-90%), amino acid-based phylogenetic reconstruction and larval morphology consistently supported its identification as M. plana. By integrating amino acid-based phylogenetic inference with morphological evidence, this study provides preliminary molecular confirmation of bagworm taxa from a single plantation site in South Sumatra and highlights the importance of combining molecular and morphological approaches for accurate pest identification.
Environmental gradients across the geographic range of Puya spathacea (Bromeliaceae) LIDIA R. SCRIVANTI; EMANUEL FUENTES; FEDERICO O. ROBBIATI; MARÍA J. NORES
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 6 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270611

Abstract

Abstract. Scrivanti LR, Fuentes E, Robbiati FO, Nores MJ. 2026. Environmental gradients across the geographic range of Puya spathacea (Bromeliaceae). Biodiversitas 27 (6): d270611. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270611. Puya spathacea is a terrestrial bromeliad native to northwestern Argentina and southern Bolivia, distributed across montane environments. This study evaluated spatial segregation and environmental variation of occurrence records, classified into central, intermediate, and peripheral zones based on their distance from the centroid of the species' range. We assessed spatial structure, analyzed altitudinal and climatic variation, and evaluated the relationship between occurrences and river networks, while also estimating potential distribution and characterizing environmental space. Ecological niche models showed high internal consistency (AUC = 0.952±0.019; TSS = 0.845±0.047), identifying elevation (38%) and precipitation of the wettest month (13.8%) as the most influential predictors of habitat suitability. PCA-env analyses explained 83.4% of environmental variation across the first two axes, while niche overlap among zones was low (Schoener’s D = 0.02-0.20), indicating differentiated environmental space. Spatial autocorrelation was stronger at the margins, and occurrences were significantly closer to rivers than expected by chance, indicating a non-random spatial association with the hydrological network rather than direct evidence of habitat dependence. Overall, peripheral occurrences occupied environmentally distinct conditions characterized by greater climatic restriction and spatial structuring than central occurrences. These findings indicate that geographically structured occurrences contribute to within-range environmental differentiation and highlight the importance of considering environmental variation across species distributions when evaluating montane biodiversity. From a conservation perspective, preserving both central and peripheral occurrences may be relevant for maintaining the ecological breadth of the species 
Genetic relatedness and antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus in goats with subclinical mastitis, North Sumatra, Indonesia SHINTA MUTIA RAMBE MANALU; LISNAWITA LISNAWITA; NEVY DIANA HANAFI; LUTHFI AZIZ MAHMUD SIREGAR
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270233

Abstract

Abstract. Manalu SMR, Lisnawita, Hanafi ND, Siregar LAM. 2026. Genetic relatedness and antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus in goats with subclinical mastitis, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (2): d270233. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270233. Staphylococcus aureus is widely recognized as a dominant etiological agent of mastitis in dairy goats and is also regarded as a zoonotic pathogen capable of causing a broad spectrum of human infections, including severe and life-threatening conditions. Despite the routine use of antimicrobial agents to control S. aureus infections, increasing resistance to multiple antibiotic classes has substantially reduced treatment effectiveness. This study investigated the isolation and molecular characterization of S. aureus associated with subclinical mastitis in dairy goats (Capra hircus) from Deli Serdang and Serdang Bedagai Regencies, North Sumatra, and evaluated antimicrobial susceptibility against commonly used antibiotics in regional livestock production. Descriptive analysis supported by graphical visualization and phylogenetic reconstruction was applied to assess distribution patterns and genetic relatedness, while statistical comparisons of antimicrobial resistance proportions between regencies were performed using Fisher’s exact test. This study confirms S. aureus as the most frequently bacterium isolated bacterium in CMT-positive samples based on phenotypic and molecular analyses. High resistance to β-lactam antibiotics was observed in both regions. In Deli Serdang, resistance to amoxicillin and penicillin G was detected in 73.8% (31/42) and 71.4% (30/42) of isolates, respectively. Similarly, in Serdang Bedagai, resistance to amoxicillin and penicillin G was found in 69.0% (20/29) and 58.6% (17/29) of isolates. In contrast, tetracycline showed a higher susceptibility profile in both regions. No statistically significant differences were observed between the two regencies for amoxicillin, penicillin G, or tetracycline resistance (p>0.05). Partial 16S rRNA analysis placed the isolates within S. aureus clade, showing high sequence similarity to reference strains reported from Brazil and India. Collectively, these findings provide essential baseline evidence supporting rational antimicrobial selection and continued resistance surveillance in caprine mastitis management.

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