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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,259 Documents
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Integrated assessment of eutrophication in Lake Rawa Pening, Central Java, Indonesia, using multivariate statistical methods ARIF RAHMAN; HAERUDDIN HAERUDDIN; KUKUH PRAKOSO; DIANI ESTINING TYAS; OKTAVIANTO EKO JATI; ATIKA ARIFATI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 5 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270519

Abstract

Abstract. Rahman A, Haeruddin, Prakoso K, Tyas DE, Jati OE, Arifati A. 2026. Integrated assessment of eutrophication in Lake Rawa Pening, Central Java, Indonesia, using multivariate statistical methods. Biodiversitas 27 (5): d270519. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270519. Lake Rawa Pening, located in Central Java, Indonesia, is a shallow tropical lake affected by anthropogenic eutrophication. This study aims to determine the lake's trophic status and explore association patterns among water quality variables. Water samples were collected at five stations over four periods (February 2024, July 2024, February 2025, and July 2025), representing the rainy and dry seasons. Trophic status was determined using Carlson’s Trophic State Index (TSI), while temporal variation and relationships among variables were analyzed using ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Total Phosphorus (TP) used in TSI calculation was estimated from orthophosphate (PO4-P) based on an empirical conversion. Nitrate (0.28-0.80 mg/L) and orthophosphate (0.29-0.41 mg/L) concentrations were relatively high, while chlorophyll-a ranged from 8.39 to 38.05 mg/m3. All TSI values ​​exceeded 67, classifying the lake as hypereutrophic. Significant temporal differences were found for water depth, Secchi depth, water temperature, nitrate, and chlorophyll-a (p < 0.05). PCA identified dominant gradients associated with turbidity, nitrate, dissolved oxygen, and inverse relationships with Secchi depth and chlorophyll-a. These results indicate persistent eutrophication with multivariate interactions among water quality variables. Continuous water quality monitoring and integrated watershed management are crucial to prevent degradation and restore the balance of the Lake Rawa Pening ecosystem.
First checklist of centric and araphid diatoms from the benthic environments of the Gulf of Tomini, Sulawesi, Indonesia SULASTRI ARSAD; MAŁGORZATA BĄK; FRANCISCO OMAR LÓPEZ-FUERTE; JINSOON PARK; Mateusz Rybak; ROMAIN GASTINEAU
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 5 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270510

Abstract

Abstract. Arsad S, Bąk M, López-Fuerte FO, Park J, Rybak M, Gastineau R. 2026. First checklist of centric and araphid diatoms from the benthic environments of the Gulf of Tomini, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (5): d270510. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270510. Sulawesi, one of the largest islands in Indonesia, includes the Gulf of Tomini, a region with diverse coastal ecosystems. However, comprehensive taxon-based checklists of benthic diatoms remain limited. The aim of this study is to present the first systematic checklist of centric and araphid marine diatoms from the benthic environment of the Gulf of Tomini, Sulawesi, documenting their occurrence across sampling sites and substrate types, and highlighting taxa with the highest cumulative counts and taxonomically uncertain taxa. Fourteen samples were collected from seven sites across the gulf from various substrates, including sediment, rocks, macroalgae, seagrass, and mangrove roots. Identification was carried out using Light Microscopy (LM) based on standard taxonomic literature. A total of 82 taxa were recorded, comprising 40 genera and 20 families; among these, 13 taxa were identified as sp., seven as cf., and four as var. The species-level uncertainty for taxa identified as sp., including Cyclophora, Thalassiosira, Cratericulifera, Opephora, Ardissonea, Dimeregramma, Neofragilaria, Rhaphoneis, Tabularia, and Talaroneis may result from the limited ultrastructural resolution of LM and the absence of comparable data in the literature. Grammatophora marina and Hyalosynedra laevigata were consistently recorded across all sampling sites and substrates. Together with Tabularia fasciculata, Cyclophora sp., Paralia longispina, and P. sulcata, these taxa represented the highest cumulative counts from all sites and substrates. This study provides baseline taxonomic information on centric and araphid diatoms for this region and establishes a foundation for future taxonomic, ecological, and diatom diversity in Indonesian coastal waters.
Gonadal microplastic-like particle occurrence and gamete quality of Cyprinus carpio along the Brantas River Basin gradient, East Java, Indonesia GRETANIA RESIDIWATI; GALUH CHANDRA AGUSTINA; VISKI FITRI HENDRAWAN; DJOKO HARTONO; MUHAMAD ARFAN LESMANA; SHEHU SIDI; DYAH KINASIH WURAGIL PUTU RAHARJO; AULANNI’AM AULANNI’AM; BUDIONO BUDIONO; UMAR BELLO; ILHAM ARTA WIGUNA; AHDA SABILA; HABIB SYAIFUL ARIF TUSKA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 5 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270529

Abstract

Abstract. Residiwati G, Sabila A, Wiguna IA, Bello U, Budiono, Aulanni’am A, Raharjo DKWP, Sidi S, Lesmana MA, Hartono D, Hendrawan VF, Agustina GC, Tuska HSA. 2026. Gonadal microplastic-like particle occurrence and gamete quality of Cyprinus carpio along the Brantas River Basin gradient, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (5): d270529. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270529. Microplastic contamination is an emerging concern in freshwater ecosystems because of its potential to impair fish reproductive performance. This field-based comparative study evaluated site-level patterns of environmental particle occurrence, gonadal occurrence of microplastic-like particles, and gamete quality in Cyprinus carpio collected from four locations along the Brantas River Basin, East Java, Indonesia, during May-July 2025. A total of 32 males and 32 females were examined, with 8 males and 8 females obtained from each site through four sampling replicates, in which two fish of each sex were collected per replicate. Water particle occurrence was derived from one processed sample per site and was therefore interpreted descriptively, whereas gonadal tissues were examined for morphologically identified microplastic-like particles. Reproductive quality was assessed through sperm motility, viability, morphological abnormalities, and DNA integrity, as well as oocyte diameter, survival rate, and germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD). Microplastic-like particles were detected at all sites in both water and gonadal tissues, with higher occurrence at downstream locations than at the uppermost site. This pattern was accompanied by poorer reproductive parameters. In males, downstream fish showed lower sperm motility and viability together with higher morphological abnormalities and greater DNA damage. In females, downstream fish exhibited smaller oocyte diameter, lower survival rate, and reduced GVBD. One-way ANOVA indicated significant differences among sampling sites for all reproductive endpoints (p<0.001). Overall, higher site-level particle occurrence co-occurred with poorer gamete quality under field conditions. These results provide comparative field-based evidence that reproductive condition in C. carpio varied systematically along a site gradient in the Brantas River Basin.
Genus-level records of mite-host associations on ornamental plants across lowland and highland zones of South Sumatra, Indonesia CHANDRA IRSAN; FADHILA RAHMI; ERISE ANGGRAINI; SITI HERLINDA; MUHAMMAD UMAR HARUN; AGUS HERMAWAN; AHMAD MUSLIM; DELLANIA EKA RINDIANI; NURLAILI HABIBI DANATA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 4 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270412

Abstract

Abstract. Irsan C, Rahmi F, Anggraini E, Herlinda S, Harun MU, Hermawan A, Muslim A, Rindiani DE, Danata NH. 2026. Genus-level records of mite-host associations on ornamental plants across lowland and highland zones of South Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (4): d270412. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270412. Ornamental plants are widely cultivated in Indonesia and can host diverse mite communities, including phytophagous pests and predatory species. However, information on mite diversity and host associations on ornamental plants in South Sumatra remains limited. This study aimed to document mite genera and their host plant associations on ornamental plants in lowland (≤100 m asl) and highland (≥700 m asl) areas of South Sumatra. Field surveys were conducted from August to October 2025 in North Indralaya (lowland) and Pagar Alam (highland). Sampling was purposive and focused on ornamental plants showing visible symptoms associated with mite infestation. Infested plant tissues were collected, and mite specimens were prepared using slide-mounting techniques with Canada balsam for morphological identification under compound microscopes. Identification was conducted to genus level based on diagnostic morphological characters. A total of ten ornamental plant species were recorded in the lowland area and sixteen species in the highland area. Four mite genera belonging to four families were identified: Tetranychus (Tetranychidae) and Brevipalpus (Tenuipalpidae) as phytophagous mites, and Amblyseius (Phytoseiidae) and Bdellodes (Bdellidae) as predatory mites. Phytophagous mites were associated with symptoms such as chlorotic spots, leaf discoloration, and leaf curling, while predatory mites were observed on several host plants where phytophagous mites were present. Because sampling targeted symptomatic plants, the results represent descriptive records of mite occurrence and host associations rather than quantitative comparisons between altitudinal zones. This study provides the first genus-level documentation of mite-host associations on ornamental plants across contrasting altitudinal zones in South Sumatra, contributing baseline data for future studies on mite biodiversity and integrated pest management.
Five microsatellite loci for preliminary kinship analysis and implications for conservation in Sumatran Tigers (Panthera tigris sumatrae) IKRIMA ASRORI; WILSON NOVARINO; DJONG HON TJONG; PATRICK FLAGGELLATA; YOLI ZULFANEDI; DEWI IMELDA ROESMA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 5 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270533

Abstract

Abstract. Asrori I, Novarino W, Tjong DH, Flaggellata P, Zulfanedi Y, Roesma DI. 2026. Five microsatellite loci for preliminary kinship analysis and implications for conservation in Sumatran Tigers (Panthera tigris sumatrae). Biodiversitas 27 (5): d270533. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270533. Microsatellite markers are widely used in wildlife pedigree analysis due to their high polymorphism and ability to assist in the determination of kinship relationships. Accurate pedigree information is crucial for effective population management and prevention of inbreeding in Sumatran tigers (Panthera tigris sumatrae), particularly in captive breeding programs. Fifteen microsatellite loci in the Felidae family were selected from previous studies and tested in 20 individuals, including six individuals with known kinship relationships, to identify informative and reliable markers for kinship analysis of Sumatran tigers. Amplification results showed that nine loci were consistently amplified in all samples with relatively high polymorphism. These loci were then evaluated for the number of alleles (Na), observed heterozygosity (Ho), polymorphic information content (PIC), amplification consistency, and genotyping error rate. Five loci showed consistent amplification and high levels of heterozygosity and polymorphism, with three loci (FCA279, FCA304, and FCA391) showing an error rate of 0.00, while two loci (FCA441 and 6HDZ700) had a lower error rate. Therefore, these five loci were selected as candidate markers for the Sumatran tiger pedigree analysis. Meanwhile, the other four loci (FCA008, 6HDZ463, 6HDZ170, and FCA220), although showing high Na, Ho, and He values, also had high error rates. Therefore, these four loci were excluded from further analysis. Cumulative probability of identity (PID) and PIDsibs estimates indicated that the selected panel of five loci had greater discriminatory power than only three loci. Kinship analysis using the selected loci yielded the expected relationships among known individuals, although the software's analysis model does not explicitly define parent-offspring relationships. Therefore, these results are preliminary and require further validation before broader application, given the limited sample size and incomplete representation of pedigree relationships.
Morphological diversity and genetic structure of cultivated Bougainvillea germplasm collected from Vietnam, Laos, and Thailand HAI THI HONG TRUONG; NHAN VAN NGUYEN; NHI THI HOANG HO; HIEU HOANG TRUNG NGUYEN; HAN NGOC HO; CHUONG VAN HUYNH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270141

Abstract

Abstract. Truong HTH, Nguyen NV, Ho NTH, Nguyen HHT, Ho HN, Huynh CV. 2026. Morphological diversity and genetic structure of cultivated Bougainvillea germplasm collected from Vietnam, Laos, and Thailand. Biodiversitas 27 (1): d270141. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270141. Bougainvillea is a major ornamental genus widely cultivated across tropical regions, yet germplasm from Southeast Asia remains poorly characterized. This study aimed to assess the genetic diversity and population structure of 33 Bougainvillea accessions from Vietnam, Laos, and Thailand using an integrated analysis of nuclear ribosomal ITS sequences, RAPD markers, and DUS-based morphological traits. ITS phylogeny clearly delimited two species, B. glabra and B. spectabilis, and revealed moderate sequence variation (π = 0.03299; Hd = 0.68; six haplotypes). RAPD profiling showed a high proportion of polymorphic bands (91.54%) and moderate genetic diversity, resolving the accessions into six genetic clusters, including a distinct singleton accession (T7). Morphological characterization based on 21 qualitative traits revealed substantial phenotypic variation, particularly in bract-related traits, and separated accessions into two major morphological groups, with consistent outliers (V1, V18, and V24). Overall, the combined morphological and molecular evidence demonstrated concordant patterns of species delimitation and cultivar-level differentiation, indicating that ITS is effective for resolving species boundaries. In contrast, RAPD provides higher resolution among cultivated materials. These results provide a practical basis for germplasm authentication, redundancy management, and the identification of genetically unique accessions, such as T7, V1, V18, and V24. This process will assist in conservation efforts and parent selection, ultimately supporting the breeding and sustainable use of Bougainvillea in Southeast Asia.
Patronyms and toponyms in Indonesian coral taxonomy, with notes on selected sponge taxa OKTIYAS MUZAKY LUTHFI; DEWA GEDE RAKA WIADNYA; M. AZUREA BAHRI LUTHFI; ANDIK ISDIANTO; ADE YAMINDAGO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 4 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270444

Abstract

Abstract. Luthfi OM, Wiadnya DGR, Luthfi MAB, Isdianto A, Yamindago A. 2026. Patronyms and toponyms in Indonesian coral taxonomy, with notes on selected sponge taxa. Biodiversitas 27 (4): d270444. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270444. Indonesia is located at the center of the Coral Triangle and has contributed substantially to the discovery and naming of reef-associated taxa. This study aimed to document and analyze patronyms, toponyms, and descriptive epithets in the scientific names of selected scleractinian corals and demosponges associated with Indonesian waters. A focused nomenclatural synthesis was conducted using primary taxonomic literature and biodiversity databases, including WoRMS, GBIF, ZooBank, and the Biodiversity Heritage Library. Twenty-four taxa were analyzed, comprising 16 Acroporidae, five other scleractinian corals, and three Demospongiae. Toponyms were the most frequent epithet type, representing 10 taxa (41.7%), followed by patronyms with eight taxa (33.3%) and descriptive epithets with six taxa (25.0%). Patronyms occurred mainly in Acroporidae, whereas toponyms were more common among other scleractinian corals and demosponges. Several names were associated with Indonesian localities such as Halmahera, Derawan, Bali, Cenderawasih Bay, Bangka, and Maluku, while patronyms recorded the contributions of scientists, collectors, and collaborators involved in Indonesian marine biodiversity studies. These findings show that species names are not only taxonomic labels but also compact records of biogeographic origin, scientific contribution, and taxonomic history. This study highlights Indonesia’s importance as a source of type material and as a major setting in coral and sponge taxonomy.
Microbial community profiling of commercial pellet-based biofertilizers from Malaysia for comparative quality control insights WAI KEAT TOH; HAN MING GAN; PEK CHIN LOH; HANN LING WONG
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 4 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270401

Abstract

Abstract. Toh WK, Gan HM, Loh PC, Wong HL. 2026. Microbial community profiling of commercial pellet-based biofertilizers from Malaysia for comparative quality control insights. Biodiversitas 27 (4): d270401. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270401. The efficacy and reliability of biofertilizers depend on their microbial composition and product stability, yet robust quality control (QC) remains limited and comprehensive microbial profiling is not routinely applied. In this study, we characterized the microbial communities of 11 commercial pellet-based biofertilizers from Malaysia using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing of the V3 region. A total of 35 samples from finished retail products collected within their labeled shelf-life period were analyzed. Across all samples, 3,839 unique amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were detected, revealing substantial variation in microbial richness, diversity, and community structure among products. Alpha diversity metrics differed significantly among formulations (Kruskal-Wallis, p<0.01; η² = 0.86-0.89), indicating differences in within-sample richness and diversity. Beta diversity analyses showed strong formulation-specific clustering (PERMANOVA, R² = 0.863; ANOSIM, R = 0.81-0.88; p = 0.001), together with variable within-product consistency. Heatmap analysis of the 50 most abundant ASVs and bipartite network visualization identified a shared core microbiome dominated by Bacillus, Planifilum, and Weizmannia, alongside formulation-specific taxa. Predicted functional profiling showed high similarity in KEGG pathway composition despite taxonomic differences (mean Bray-Curtis dissimilarity = 0.31±0.15), suggesting functional redundancy across products. However, these functional predictions are computationally inferred and require experimental validation. Overall, sequencing-based microbial profiling provides a comparative framework for biofertilizer evaluation by informing QC-related attributes such as product consistency, microbial diversity, and compositional stability, thereby complementing conventional QC approaches.
Flower color-associated variation in phenolic content and antioxidant capacity in Portulaca grandiflora LANI HARDIANY; ANNISA ZAHRA; AN’NISA ZAHRO NAFISAH; SILVIA SANTIKA; SYARIFAH IIS AISYAH; DINI DINARTY; WARAS NURCHOLIS
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 4 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270413

Abstract

Abstract. Hardiany L, Zahra A, Nafisah AZ, Santika S, Aisyah SI, Dinarty D, Nurcholis W. 2026. Flower color-associated variation in phenolic content and antioxidant capacity in Portulaca grandiflora. Biodiversitas 27 (4): d270413. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270413. Phenolic and flavonoid compounds are important plant secondary metabolites contributing to antioxidant defense through radical scavenging and redox-related mechanisms. Portulaca grandiflora is an ornamental species with diverse flower colors, yet information on the relationship between flower color, phytochemical composition, and antioxidant activity is limited. This study evaluated four defined flower color variants—Light Reddish Purple bicolor (LRP-bi), Strong Reddish Purple (SRP), Light Orange Yellow (LOY), and Brilliant Yellow (BY)—to determine Total Phenolic Content (TPC), Total Flavonoid Content (TFC), and antioxidant capacity using CUPRAC, FRAP, ABTS, and DPPH assays. Significant differences were observed among variants. SRP exhibited the highest TPC (3.98 mg GAE g⁻¹ FW) and the strongest reducing capacity, with CUPRAC values approximately 6.8-fold higher than LOY. In contrast, LOY and BY showed the highest TFC (1.15 and 1.09 mg QE g⁻¹ FW, respectively), while LRP-bi demonstrated the highest radical scavenging activity (ABTS and DPPH). Correlation analysis indicated strong positive associations between TPC and reducing power assays (r ≈ 0.87), whereas TFC showed negative relationships with antioxidant responses. These findings indicate that flower color is associated with variation in phenolic composition and antioxidant capacity, with red-purple variants exhibiting stronger reducing potential. Although based on a limited number of variants and in vitro assays, this study highlights flower color as a practical phenotypic indicator of phytochemical variation. This approach may support rapid screening, germplasm evaluation, and selection of ornamental plants with enhanced antioxidant-related traits.
Wild Piper species from Vietnam and Laos with genetic diversity, Phytophthora capsici resistance, and eugenol-rich chemotypes NHI THI HOANG HO; HAN NGOC HO; HAI THI HONG TRUONG
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 4 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270427

Abstract

Abstract. Ho NTH, Ho HN, Truong HTH. 2026. Wild Piper species from Vietnam and Laos with genetic diversity, Phytophthora capsici resistance, and eugenol-rich chemotypes. Biodiversitas 27 (4): d270427. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270427. Black pepper (Piper nigrum) is an economically important spice, but its productivity is severely constrained by Phytophthora capsici. Wild Piper species represent a valuable genetic resource for improving disease resistance and exploring bioactive compounds; however, the knowledge about them remains insufficiently characterised. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity of wild Piper accessions collected from Vietnam and Laos, assess their resistance to P. capsici, and analyse leaf chemical composition associated with resistance. Genetic diversity was examined using the ITSu1-4 region and RAPD markers, while resistance was evaluated through in vitro detached-leaf assays. Chemical profiling of selected accessions was performed using GC-MS analysis. The ITS analysis identified four species, including Piper betle, Piper pendulispicum, Piper thomsonii, and Piper tricolor. The inclusion of wild accessions increased overall genetic diversity within the studied population, and RAPD analysis revealed high polymorphism, separating the accessions into three distinct clusters. Chemical analysis indicated that accessions resistant to P. capsici contained high proportions of eugenol and methyl eugenol, suggesting a relationship between resistance and eugenol-rich chemotypes. Although limited by sample size and the use of detached-leaf assays, the findings highlighted the potential of wild Piper germplasm as a genetic resource for breeding programs and as a source of natural compounds for biological control of P. capsici.

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