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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,259 Documents
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Exploring phenotypic variability in gamma‑irradiated melon (Cucumis melo) for early-generation putative mutant selection ASTRID IKA PARAMITHA; ARIFIN NOOR SUGIHARTO; BUDI WALUYO; AFIFUDDIN LATIF ADIREDJO; AZERI GAUTAMA ARIFIN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270324

Abstract

Abstract. Paramitha AI, Sugiharto AN, Waluyo B, Adiredjo AL, Arifin AG. 2026. Exploring phenotypic variability in gamma‑irradiated melon (Cucumis melo) for early-generation putative mutant selection. Biodiversitas 27 (3): d270324. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270324. The melon (Cucumis melo), an agriculturally pivotal crop globally esteemed for its economic value, faces intrinsic breeding limitations due to restricted genetic diversity. Confronting these inherent challenges, gamma irradiation has emerged as a robust mutagenic agent, purposefully employed to elicit phenotypic variability and strategically advance the enhancement of elite melon cultivars. This investigation systematically explored phenotypic modifications induced by six discrete gamma irradiation doses (0-150 Gy) in two melon varieties, CMA and DKN. Comprehensive assessments of fruit weight, flesh thickness, sugar content, and rind color were conducted in the M2 generation, analyzed via descriptive and non-parametric statistics. Results revealed distinct dose-specific responses. Notably, G5 treatment yielded the highest mean sugar content in CMA (10.75°Brix), with DKN exhibiting substantial variation up to 15.00°Brix at G5. Fruit weight demonstrated considerable variability, exemplified by DKN at G1 (0.28-1.92 kg range). Both DKN and CMA consistently achieved their highest mean flesh thickness at G5. Statistical analyses confirmed significant differences across most irradiation doses for sugar content and flesh thickness in both varieties, while fruit weight showed significant effects exclusively at G4 for both CMA and DKN. Crucially, the study identified four novel putative mutant plants: one from CMA (G1) and three from DKN (G5). These putative mutants represent invaluable genetic resources, integrating dark rind color (absent in controls) with quantitative traits was not more than 5% lower than the control mean, thus proving highly advantageous for early generation selection. These findings unequivocally underscore gamma irradiation's profound potential in inducing beneficial phenotypic variability, offering critical foundations for breeding programs targeting enhanced melon fruit quality and marketability.
Putative occurrence of amentoflavone across Selaginella species inferred from HPLC Retention Time analysis AHMAD DWI SETYAWAN; TATIK CHIKMAWATI; MIFTAHUDIN MIFTAHUDIN; PUSPA DEWI N. LOTULUNG; SUTARNO SUTARNO; SUGIYARTO SUGIYARTO; SUNARTO SUNARTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 12 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261246

Abstract

Abstract. Setyawan AD, Chikmawati T, Miftahudin, Lotulung PDN, Sutarno, Sugiyarto, Sunarto. 2025. Putative occurrence of amentoflavone across Selaginella species inferred from HPLC Retention Time analysis. Biodiversitas 26: 6490-6501. Amentoflavone is a prominent biflavonoid frequently reported in the genus Selaginella and widely studied for its diverse biological activities. However, information on its distribution across species remains fragmented and largely restricted to isolated reports on individual taxa. This study aims to provide a comparative, compound-centric assessment of the putative occurrence of amentoflavone across multiple Selaginella species using a standardized Retention Time (RT)-based HPLC approach. Plant materials representing 20 samples from 17 Selaginella species were analyzed under uniform extraction and chromatographic conditions. An authentic amentoflavone reference standard was used to establish an external RT benchmark, and chromatograms recorded at 270 nm were qualitatively evaluated for RT correspondence within a predefined RT screening window centered on the reference peak. Occurrence was assessed using a presence–absence framework without quantitative estimation or multivariate analysis. Putative RT correspondence consistent with amentoflavone was detected in 9 of the 17 analyzed species, while several taxa consistently lacked detectable RT-matched peaks. The observed RT ranges among positive species were narrowly clustered, indicating stable chromatographic behavior of the detected signal across different plant matrices. Intraspecific comparisons revealed contrasting presence–absence outcomes among populations of the same species, highlighting population-level variability in detectable compound occurrence. The results demonstrate that putative amentoflavone occurrence in Selaginella is species-specific and not universally distributed across the genus. This study underscores the value of RT-based HPLC as an exploratory, hypothesis-generating screening tool for mapping compound occurrence across diverse taxa, while explicitly acknowledging its limitations in structural confirmation and sensitivity. By providing a qualitative baseline, this screening-based framework offers an initial biotechnological entry point for prioritizing Selaginella taxa for targeted metabolite validation and subsequent investigation using structure-confirming analytical techniques.
Vertical and island-scale structuring of bacterial and archaeal communities in Pinus merkusii forest soils RULLY ADI NUGROHO; NICO M. VAN STRAALEN; WILFRED F. M. RÖLING
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270313

Abstract

Abstract. Nugroho RA, van Straalen NM, Röling WFM. 2026. Vertical and island-scale structuring of bacterial and archaeal communities in Pinus merkusii forest soils. Biodiversitas 27 (3): d270313. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270313. Environmental and spatial processes contribute to the structuring of soil microbial communities, but the relative importance of vertical and horizontal gradients is poorly understood in tropical archipelagic forests. The vertical and spatial distributions of bacterial and archaeal communities were examined in Pinus merkusii forest soils across 12 sites on five Indonesian islands (36 composite samples). Litter (L), fragmented litter (F), and mineral (M) soil layers were analyzed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) to characterize dominant community profiles. Community dissimilarity was assessed using Mantel and partial Mantel tests, and compositional variance was assessed using PERMANOVA. Bacterial communities were strongly vertically stratified. Mantel tests showed significant correlations between community dissimilarity and soil layer (r = 0.52, p < 0.001) and geographic distance (r = 0.60, p < 0.001), which remained significant in partial correlations. PERMANOVA indicated that soil layer explained 43.5% of the variation (pseudo-R2 = 0.435, p < 0.001), whereas island identity explained 15.1% (pseudo-R2 = 0.151, p = 0.0135). In contrast, archaeal communities showed no significant association with either geographic distance (r = −0.03, p = 0.68) or soil layer (r = −0.04, p = 0.80). In contrast, PERMANOVA revealed strong differentiation among island identity (pseudo-R2 = 0.375, p = 0.0045). These findings reveal contrasting domain-specific spatial organization of microbial communities, with bacteria primarily structured by vertical habitat differentiation and distance–decay patterns, whereas archaea communities are mainly differentiated at the island scale. The results highlight distinct spatial scales of organization for major microbial domains in tropical forest soils. However, the absence of environmental physicochemical measurements limits direct identification of the environmental drivers underlying these patterns.
Grasshopper diversity in organic and conventional farm lands in Batu City, East Java, Indonesia RISKA PUTRI QUROTAAYUNINA; AMIN SETYO LEKSONO; DWI SUHERIYANTO; WAHEED ALI PANHWAR
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270339

Abstract

Abstract. Qurotaayunina RP, Leksono AS, Suheriyanto D, Panhwar WA. 2026. Grasshopper diversity in organic and conventional farm lands in Batu City, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (3): d270339. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270339. Grasshoppers are sensitive to environmental changes and can serve as effective bioindicators in agroecosystems. This study assessed their abundance, diversity, and community composition across different farm types and sampling times in organic and conventional farming systems, and evaluated their indicator potential. Surveys were conducted at six sites: Organic Fruit (OF), Conventional Fruit (CF), Organic Paddy (OP), Conventional Paddy (CP), Organic Vegetables (OV), and Conventional Vegetables (CV). At each site, sampling was performed using sweep nets across five plots during morning, noon, and afternoon periods. Data were analyzed using Generalized Linear Mixed Models to test differences in abundance, species richness, diversity, and dominance. Community similarity was evaluated using the Bray-Curtis index, species-environment relationships using Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA), and indicator species using the Indicator Value (IndVal) method. A total of 25 species comprising 5,636 individuals were recorded. Farm type significantly affected all community parameters (abundance, species richness, dominance and diversity), while sampling time influenced only abundance and species richness, with no significant interaction effects. The highest abundance, richness, and diversity were observed in organic fruit and organic paddy systems, whereas the lowest values occurred in conventional vegetable fields. Community composition was shaped by farm type and wind speed. Several species were found to have potential as group or individual indicator species, such as Anaxipha sp., and Phlaeoba infumata in OF; Caryanda spuria and Tagasta marginella in CF; Conocephalus fasciatus and Atractomorpha angusta in OP; and Oxya hyla in CP. No indicator species were identified in vegetable farms. Overall, the results demonstrate that organic farming supports higher grasshopper diversity and more structured communities, highlighting its importance for biodiversity conservation and the use of grasshoppers as ecological indicators.
Isolation of antagonistic fungi from local rice and rhizosphere as potential biocontrol agents against Pyricularia oryzae DIAN EKAWATI SARI; SYLVIA SJAM; ADE ROSMANA; MELINA MELINA; SULFIANI SULFIANI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 4 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270419

Abstract

Abstract. Sari DE, Sjam S, Rosmana A, Melina, Sulfiani. 2026. Isolation of antagonistic fungi from local rice and rhizosphere as potential biocontrol agents against Pyricularia oryzae. Biodiversitas 27 (4): d270419. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270419. Antagonistic fungi act as biocontrol agents for plant diseases. Pyricularia oryzae, the causative agent of blast disease, is one of the main pathogens affecting rice crops. In Indonesia, this pathogen is a major constraint in rice cultivation. The use of biocontrol agents can be an alternative to control P. oryzae. The purpose of this study was to test fungi isolated from local rice plants and their rhizosphere as control agents for P. oryzae. Samples were randomly collected from two local rice plants and their rhizospheres at different locations. Fungi from the rhizosphere were isolated using serial dilution techniques. At the same time, plant parts, namely roots, stems, and leaves, were sterilized using surface sterilization methods and grown on potato dextrose agar media. Pathogenicity tests used rice seeds as indicator plants. Antagonism tests used the dual-culture method with P. oryzae as the pathogen. The fungal isolates were identified to the genus level. The results revealed that 31 fungal isolates were obtained from local rice plants and their rhizosphere. Pathogenicity tests showed that 29 isolates were non-pathogenic, with seed germination rates on PDA medium averaging 73%-100% and on sterile soil medium averaging 60%-100%. Dual culture tests showed that 11 isolates inhibited the growth of P. oryzae by more than 50%. The most effective isolate was RH4C3, which exhibited up to 82.52% inhibition and showed a significant difference compared to the other fungi, except for isolates RH4C22 and HB3C1. Microscopic identification revealed several genera with the greatest potential as antagonists, namely Trichoderma sp., Paecilomyces sp., Penicillium sp., Nigrospora sp., and Pythium sp. These findings provide insights into the diversity and potential of local biological control agents that utilize antagonistic fungi, their further identification and field application should be undertaken.
Outbreak and host range of Ceratocystis fimbriata ITS5 causing a lethal wilt disease on Lansium domesticum in South Sumatra, Indonesia RIKO FIRMANTO; AHMAD MUSLIM; SUWANDI SUWANDI; CHANDRA IRSAN; HARMAN HAMIDSON; RAHMAT PRATAMA; YOSSI APRIAN NURSALIM
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 4 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270424

Abstract

Abstract. Firmanto R, Muslim A, Suwandi, Irsan C, Hamidson H, Pratama R, Nursalim YA. 2026. Outbreak and host range of Ceratocystis fimbriata ITS5 causing a lethal wilt disease on Lansium domesticum in South Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (4): d270424. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270424. Lethal wilt disease, first reported on Duku (Lansium domesticum) in 2014, has rapidly expanded from Ogan Komering Ulu to multiple regencies across South Sumatra. By 2021, the epidemic reached Muara Enim, transitioning into an increasingly severe outbreak that threatens local biodiversity. This study aims to evaluate current disease development and severity in Muara Enim and characterize the genetic variation and host range of the associated pathogen. Between 2023 and 2025, we surveyed 24 L. domesticum orchards, using plots purposively positioned in high-incidence zones to document the epidemic's maximum virulence. Identification of eight fungal isolates from infected sapwood was performed via morphological observation and multi-gene phylogenetic analysis using Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) and -tubulin markers. Pathogenicity was confirmed by Koch’s postulates and host-range testing across diverse plant species. Molecular analysis of these representative isolates confirmed their identity as the ITS5 haplotype of Ceratocystis fimbriata, suggesting this haplotype is a key driver of the current outbreak. Results indicated high disease virulence; while regional averages varied, disease incidence reached 100% in the most severely affected orchards (e.g., Ujan Mas Lama) by June 2025. In pathogenicity trials, isolates exhibited aggressive infection patterns, producing significant lesions across all tested hosts; Parkia speciosa and Persea americana were identified as particularly vulnerable. These results indicate that C. fimbriata represents a serious threat to L. domesticum orchards and may endanger the long-term persistence of local populations in South Sumatra. To mitigate this impact, urgent management strategies are required, including the immediate removal and destruction of infected trees (sanitation felling), strict pruning hygiene to prevent wound-mediated infection, and careful selection of non-host species in mixed-planting systems.
Morphometric diversity of wild poisonous arbila (Phaseolus lunatus) germplasm from Timor and Sumba Islands, Indonesia AGNES V. SIMAMORA; LINCE MUKKUN; MAYAVIRA V. HAHULY; PETRONELLA SAHYANTI NENOTEK; YOSEP SERAN MAU; NORMAN RIWU KAHO; YOSEPH NAHAK SERAN; ENOS TANGKE ARUNG; EVERT Y. HOSANG
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 5 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270511

Abstract

Abstract. Simamora AV, Mukkun L, Hahuly MV, Nenotek PS, Mau YS, Kaho NR, Seran YN, Arung ET, Hosang EY. 2026. Morphometric diversity of wild poisonous arbila (Phaseolus lunatus) germplasm from Timor and Sumba Islands, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (5): d270511. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270511. Poisonous arbila (Phaseolus lunatus) is an underutilized legume traditionally consumed after detoxification by dryland communities in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Despite its importance as an emergency food resource, information on its phenotypic variation remains limited. This study aimed to characterize seed morphometric variation in wild and semi-managed arbila germplasm collected from six locations across Timor and Sumba Islands. A total of 108 accessions were evaluated using twelve seed traits, including eight qualitative characters (seed shape, seed coat color and pattern, hilum shape, testa texture, and eye color) and four quantitative characters (seed length, width, thickness, and 100-seed weight). Qualitative traits showed high polymorphism, particularly in seed coat pigmentation and patterning, while quantitative traits exhibited wide ranges (seed length: 10.33-23.70 mm; 100-seed weight: 25.40-56.50 g). Multivariate analyses (principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering) indicated that the first four principal components explained 91.6% of the total variance, with seed size–related traits dominating the primary axis (PC1 = 65.2%). Clustering results identified one major group comprising most accessions and a small number of divergent accessions, consistent with a continuous phenotypic gradient rather than discrete group separation. These results highlight considerable morphometric diversity in arbila and indicate that phenotypic differentiation is primarily structured along this gradient. The findings provide a useful basis for germplasm conservation and highlight the potential of arbila for selection, breeding, and future studies on domestication and genetic diversity.
Species composition and taxonomic structure of Assassin bugs (Heteroptera: Reduviidae) in Southern Uzbekistan, with the first record of Nagusta goedelii MAFTUNA VALIEVA; GULNORA MIRZAEVA; DILSHOD MUSAEV; BAKHTIYOR KHOLMATOV; VOKHIDJON AKHMEDOV; SARDORBEK KIMYONAZAROV; MARIFAT HUDOYBERDIEVA; BEKZOD ESHKUVVATOV; SANJAR USANOV; AZIZA KHOLMIRZAYEVA; JASUR KUDRATOV
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270331

Abstract

Abstract. Valieva M, Mirzaeva G, Musaev D, Kholmatov B, Akhmedov V, Kimyonazarov S, Hudoyberdieva M, Eshkuvvatov B, Usanov S, Kholmirzayeva A, Kudratov J. 2026. Species composition and taxonomic structure of assassin bugs (Heteroptera: Reduviidae) in Southern Uzbekistan, with the first record of Nagusta goedelii. Biodiversitas 27 (3): d270331. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270331. As climate change and urbanization intensify, it is of great importance to determine the systematic structure and diversity of the fauna of natural landscapes that are being degraded. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the species composition and taxonomic structure of the family Reduviidae (Heteroptera) in Southern Uzbekistan. Based on 162 specimens collected between 2021 and 2024 across four distinct ecological zones (Yakkabog, Sherabad, Nishon, and Termez), a total of 18 species belonging to 12 genera and 5 subfamilies were identified. Sampling was standardized using sweeping, pitfall traps, and light-traps to ensure comparability across different altitudes (800-1300 m asl) and land-use intensities. The subfamily Harpactorinae exhibited the highest diversity (6 species), followed by Reduviinae (5 species) and Stenopodainae (4 species). A major highlight of the study is the first formal record of Nagusta goedelii for the fauna of Uzbekistan. The identification of this species was validated through a detailed morphological diagnosis, focusing on key characters such as the prominent post-antennal spines, elongated "neck" structure, and pronotal tubercles, as well as molecular-genetic analysis. Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) gene sequencing (PX588124.1) and subsequent phylogenetic reconstruction using Maximum Likelihood supported the distinct placement of the Uzbek specimen within the Nagusta-Serendiba clade (bootstrap 89-100%). Comparative faunal analysis using Jaccard and Sørensen-Dice coefficients revealed significant regional differentiation. A complete faunal turnover (Cj:0.0) was observed between the mountainous habitats of Yakkabog and the arid lowland zones of Nishon, reflecting the impact of environmental filtering. These findings significantly expand the known distribution of Palearctic reduviids and provide a baseline for future biogeographic and ecological monitoring in Central Asia.
Draft genome assembly of Piper divaricatum reveals genomic basis of eugenol biosynthesis and evolutionary position HAI THI HONG TRUONG; HAN NGOC HO; DAT TIEN NGUYEN; NHI THI HOANG HO; CUONG NGUYEN; CHUONG VAN HUYNH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 4 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270434

Abstract

Abstract. Truong HTH, Ho HN, Nguyen DT, Ho NTH, Nguyen C, Huynh CV. 2026. Draft genome assembly of Piper divaricatum reveals genomic basis of eugenol biosynthesis and evolutionary position. Biodiversitas 27 (4): d270434. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270434. Piper divaricatum is an aromatic member of the Piperaceae valued for its bioactive secondary metabolites, particularly eugenol, as well as its resistance to major plant pathogens. Despite its importance, genomic resources for this non-model species remain limited. In this study, we present a highly fragmented draft genome assembly generated from Illumina paired-end short reads and assembled with SPAdes. The resulting assembly spans approximately 743 Mb, representing 99.97% of the estimated genome size based on Piper nigrum, but exhibits low contiguity (N50 = 6 kb). Repetitive elements account for 78.46% of the genome, contributing substantially to fragmentation. BUSCO analysis recovered 79.3% of complete genes and 18.1% of fragmented genes, indicating that a large proportion of conserved gene content is captured despite assembly limitations. A total of 117,252 gene models were predicted, though this number is likely inflated due to fragmentation and repeat-induced gene splitting. Functional annotation assigned 2,026 genes to KEGG pathways, reflecting conserved metabolic and regulatory networks. Ks distribution analysis of paralogous gene pairs revealed a peak around 0.5, suggesting ancient large-scale duplication events, although confirmation of whole-genome duplication requires chromosome-level assemblies and synteny analysis. Phylogenomic reconstruction based on single-copy orthologs places P. divaricatum within Piperales and supports a sister relationship with Cinnamomum kanehirae, with divergence estimated at ~121.7 Mya. Additionally, candidate genes associated with the phenylpropanoid pathway, including partial EGS1-like fragments, were identified, providing preliminary insights that warrant further transcriptomic and biochemical validation. Overall, this draft genome provides a foundational resource for future functional and comparative genomic studies in the genus Piper.
Nematode diversity in tomato and cucumber agroecosystems of Fergana Valley and control of root-knot nematodes, Uzbekistan SARDORBEK KAMBAROV; FARKHOD TO’XTASINOV; ABDUMUKHTAR YAKHYOYEV; KHOLISA ESHOVA; FAYZULLA KHABIBULLAEV; KHURSHIDJON MAMUROV; KHALIMJON QORABOYEV; SAYYORA ABDUQAYUMOVA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270235

Abstract

Abstract. Kambarov S, To’xtasinov F, Yakhyoyev A, Eshova K, Khabibullaev F, Mamurov K, Qoraboyev K, Abduqayumova S. 2026. Nematode diversity in tomato and cucumber agroecosystems of Fergana Valley and control of root-knot nematodes, Uzbekistan. Biodiversitas 27 (2): d270235. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270235. Plant-parasitic nematodes, particularly root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.), cause substantial yield losses in vegetable crops and threaten the sustainability of agroecosystems. This study assessed nematode diversity in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus) agroecosystems of the Fergana Valley (Uzbekistan) and evaluated the field efficacy of the nematicides Nematorin (fosthiazate) and Nematozin (mebendazole) during the 2025 growing season. Nematodes were extracted using modified Baermann and flotation techniques and identified based on morphological characters. In total, 60 nematode species belonging to 22 genera, 11 families, and 5 orders were recorded, with soil showing the highest diversity (S: 20, H′: 2.706, 1-D: 0.916), followed by roots (S: 9, H′: 1.779) and the stem-leaf compartment (S: 4, H′: 1.257). Bacterivorous nematodes were the dominant trophic group. Both nematicides significantly reduced the density of invasive second-stage juveniles (J2) and root galling compared with the untreated control (p<0.001). Nematozin achieved 90.1% and 90.4% biological efficacy in tomato and cucumber, respectively, whereas Nematorin reached 85.7% and 87.9%. These reductions were accompanied by yield increases from 6.5 t ha⁻¹ in the control to 10.8 t ha⁻¹ (Nematozin) and 8.7 t ha⁻¹ (Nematorin) in tomato, and to 10.2 t ha⁻¹ in treated cucumber plots. Identification of Meloidogyne was based on morphological criteria; therefore, species-level resolution remains limited and future studies should incorporate molecular markers for confirmation. Overall, integrating nematode community assessment with chemical control measures can contribute to improved management of root-knot nematodes in vegetable agroecosystems of the Fergana Valley.

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