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Nusantara Bioscience
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 20873948     EISSN : 20873956     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/nusbiosci
Core Subject : Education,
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Aims and Scope Nusantara Bioscience (Nusantara Biosci) encourages submission of manuscripts dealing with all aspects of biological sciences that emphasize issues germane to biological and nature conservation.
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 545 Documents
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Genetic diversity and morphological variation of Pinus gerardiana along the environmental gradient from Zhob, Balochistan, Pakistan Janat Gul; Shazia Saeed; Alia Ahmed; saad ullah khan Laghari; Abdul Basit; Abdul Rehman; muhammad zahid
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 13 No. 1 (2021)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n130116

Abstract

Abstract.  Gul J, Saeed S, Ahmed A, Leghari SK, Basit A, Rehman A, Khan MZ. 2021. Genetic diversity and morphological variation of Pinus gerardiana along the environmental gradient from Zhob, Balochistan, Pakistan. Nusantara Bioscience 13: 121-128. Pinus gerardiana, an evergreen gymnosperm, is an economically- and ecologically valuable tree found in the Takhte Suleman Mountain Range, Zhob northeastern edge of the Balochistan, Pakistan. The present study is based on the assessment of the impact of environmental gradients with special reference to altitudinal gradient and soil variables on morphological, phytochemicals and genetic variation of P. gerardiana. A total of 27 genotypes of P. gerardiana were collected from the three elevation zones ranging from 2000 - 3500 m above sea level. The genetic diversity was assessed by combined markers, the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and the Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR). Polymorphic bands analyzed the data to generate a dendrogram, based on the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA). Morphological characters assessed the morphological characters. Phytochemicals were investigated; the total phenolic content and total flavonoid contents were estimated and compared amongst all accessions. Our results revealed variations along altitudinal gradients and related to soil characteristics. The populations at the Middle altitude zone have greater diversity than populations at lower and higher altitudes. The resulting altitudinal variation can be attributed to various geographical and environmental conditions. These results can help in conservation and cultivation of this economically important tree.
Biological control of mosquitoes with odonates: A case study in Guyana Cindy Marina Dasrat; Gyanpriya Maharaj
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 13 No. 2 (2021)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n130205

Abstract

Abstract. Dasrat CM, Maharaj G. 2021. Biological control of mosquitoes with odonates: A case study in Guyana. Nusantara Bioscience 13: 163-170. Mosquitoes have plagued the lives of tropical residents as pests. However, due to their role as vectors of life-threatening diseases, controlling their population is necessary, especially in areas of prevalence – the Caribbean and Equatorial regions. In Guyana, we employ chemical treatments sub-regionally to eradicate mosquitoes. However, this treatment has limited success and is harmful to the environment. Therefore, our study focused on an environmentally friendly method such as biological control. This study was conducted at the University of Guyana, Turkeyen campus, where we exploited Odonata, Anisoptera, and Zygoptera as natural predators of mosquitoes of the genus Culex. The feeding efficiency and behaviors of naiads from the Libellulidae and Coenagrionidae families were assessed from April to May 2018. Each naiad was fed three Culine pupae and larvae, then observed for 60 minutes. We found that both groups pursue soft-bodied larvae and Libellulidae naiads are more efficient predators due to the higher feeding rate than Coenagrionidae. This finding is related to a behavioral study where we observed Libellulidae as active hunters that masticate and consume faster than Coenagrionidae, which lay-and-wait, opportunistic predators that swallow their prey. We concluded that Libellulidae is an efficient predator of mosquito larvae of the Culex genus, and we found a link between morphologic characteristics and feeding behaviors. We hope to use these results as a baseline study to develop mosquito biological control in Guyana. These can be used to reduce mosquito populations and the occurrence of vector diseases, as well as improve integrated pest and vector management.
Thymol quantitative analysis in medicinal formulation types through employing of nano-technology and antimicrobial activity in some pathogenic bacterial isolates MOHAMMED HASAN BARRAK; mohauman majeed; zahraa yosif MOTAWEQ
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 13 No. 1 (2021)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n130117

Abstract

Abstract. Barrak MH, AL-Rufaie MM, Motaweq ZY. 2021. Thymol quantitative analysis in medicinal formulation types through employing nano-technology and antimicrobial activity in some pathogenic bacterial isolates. Nusantara Bioscience 13: 129-137. This study included a method for estimating thymol (THY) in its pure state and in some of its pharmaceutical preparations that were quick, easy, and sensitive, This method is based on nanoparticles that have been modified by oxidation and reduction reactions, In a sodium hydroxide base medium, with polyvinylpyrrolidone as a stabilizer. The thymol  drug works as a reducing agent to dilute the ore mineral salt from silver nitrate (Ag+) to silver nanoparticles; the oxidation-reduction reaction product for thymol has the highest absorption at 410 nm. The calibration curve was calculated, and the following information was determined, indicating that the Beer-Lambert Law was followed within the focus range of 0.25 to 50 parts per million. Sandal's sensitivity was 0.052 ?g/cm2, his molar absorptivity was 2.2883 x 103 L / mol.cm, his standard deviation rate was 0.402%, and his correlation coefficient was 0.9989. The biological effect on a number of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria was studied, and the findings showed that the samples prepared were effective against these bacteria.  
Larval habitats characteristics of Culicinae subfamily in the south of Iran : Culicinae subfamily in southern of Iran Sara Doosti; Mohamad Reza Yaghoobi Ershadi; Mohamad Mehdi Sedaghat; Kamran Akbarzadeh; GIDIGLO NUTIFAFA GODWIN
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 13 No. 2 (2021)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n130209

Abstract

Abstract. Doosti S, Yaghoobi-Ershadi MR, Sedaghat MM, Akbarzadeh K, Godwin GN. 2021. Larval habitats characteristics of Culicinae subfamily in the south of Iran. Nusantara Bioscience 13: 194-201. Globally, mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) are known vectors of many diseases such as Malaria, Dengue fever, Sindbis, West Nile virus, Rift Vally fever, Japanese encephalitis, and Filariasis. This study aimed to determine larval habitat characteristics of mosquitoes in the south of Iran between 2009 and 2013. The study was carried out in different larval habitats of mosquitoes, and samples were collected using dipping and pipette methods. The larvae were kept in lactophenol solution and transferred to the Medical Entomology of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Then, microscopic slides were prepared, and species were identified using reliable morphological keys. Characteristics of larval breeding places were investigated based on habitat type, water conditions, vegetation type, and sunlight exposure. A total of 8,188 mosquito larvae were collected from 209 different breeding places. In all, 20 mosquito species belonging to 4 genera were identified. Culex quienquefaciatus, Cx. pipiens, Culiseta longiareolata, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, Cx. sitiens, Cx. theileri and Aedes caspius were the most common species found in this study. The southern part of Iran has the most wharves and airports. Additionally, there is a high diversity of medically important mosquito species like Cx. pipiens and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, Ae. albopictus and Ae. vexans from the Culicidae family. The species are capable of vectoring various diseases in the southern part of Iran; hence, there is a need for more investigations.
Ant diversity inhabited oil palm plantations in a peatland in Sumatra, Indonesia Asni Johari; M. ASEP HERMANTO; Tia Wulandari
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 13 No. 2 (2021)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n130204

Abstract

Abstract. Johari A, Hermanto MA, Wulandari T. 2021. Ant diversity inhabited oil palm plantations in a peatland in Sumatra, Indonesia. Nusantara Bioscience 13: 158-163. Ant community is one of the soil biotic components with diverse roles, including pollinators, predators, decomposers, parasites, and herbivores. Changes in land use from natural habitats to plantations affect the diversity and composition of ants because these groups are very vulnerable to environmental changes. The purpose of the study was to analyze the diversity of ants (Formicidae) found in peatlands planted with oil palms. The study was conducted on peatland in Gambut Jaya village, Sungai Gelam sub-district, Muaro Jambi district, Indonesia, from October 2019 to May 2020. The research was conducted through surveys in two peatland locations (natural peatland and oil palm plantation) using the purposive sampling technique through transect making, field sampling, sample preparation, and identification. A total of 2,636 ants were collected from natural peatlands, while 3,183 individuals were found in oil palm plantations. Eight ant species were identified from both study sites belonging to four subfamilies: Dolichoderinae, Formicinae, Myrmicinae, and Ponerinae. Among the species, Dolichoderus thoracicus were most dominant, composed of 63.6% in natural peatland and 73.6% in oil palm plantation. The diversity index of ant species in natural peatland was higher (0.97) than that in oil palm plantations (0.88), indicating the change in the abundance and diversity of ant species in oil palm plantations. Therefore, efforts to preserve the habitat of ants by maintaining their microhabitat and resource, as well as conserving the important species such as natural enemies of pests, need to be taken into account in peatland management.
Antioxidant, antibacterial activity and FICI (Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index) of ethanolic extract of Melastoma malabathricum leaves with amoxicillin against pathogenic bacteria PRATIWI APRIDAMAYANTI; Rafika Sari; Anita Rachmaningtyas; Vella Aranthi
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 13 No. 2 (2021)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n130202

Abstract

Abstract. Apridamayanti P, Sari R, Rachmaningtyas A, Aranthi V. 2021. Antioxidant, antibacterial activity, and FICI (Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index) of ethanolic extract of Melastoma malabathricum leaves with amoxicillin against pathogenic bacteria. Nusantara Bioscience 13: 140-147. Cengkodok plants (Melastoma malabathricum L.) from the Melastomataceae tribe have properties as a fever reliever (antipyretic), pain reliever (analgesic), relieve swelling, and treat burns or bleeding wounds. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant activity, total phenol content, total flavonoids, and MIC value of ethanol extract of M. malabathricum leaves against Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The method used in this study was the antioxidant activity was carried out using the DPPH test, the total phenol-flavonoid content by using gallic-quercetin acid comparison and measurement with Spectrophotometry UV/Vis. Antibacterial activity was carried out by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Antioxidant activity in this study showed IC50 value = 5.28µg/mL. The chemical constituent's total phenols are 36.645 ± 5.14%, and the total flavonoids are 4.163 ± 0.2%. Antibacterial activity MIC values ??were obtained at a concentration of 6.25 mg/mL against B. cereus with a diameter of 8.28 mm ± 0.225, against B. subtilis with a diameter of 8.53 mm ± 0.275, against S. aureus with a diameter of 7.23 mm ± 0.275, against S. epidermidis with a diameter of 6.18 mm ± 0.104; MIC values ??obtained at a concentration of 1.56 mg/mL in E. coli with a diameter of inhibition zone 6.77 ± 0.72 mm, P. mirabilis with a diameter of inhibition zone 6.32 ± 0.19 mm, and P. aeruginosa with a diameter of inhibition zone 6.40 ± 0.26 mm. The characteristic of the combination of cengkodok leaf ethanol extract and Amoxicillin towards S. epidermidis and B. subtilis with FICI value is one categories additive; P. aeruginosa with FICI value is two categories indifferent; E. coli, B. cereus, S. aureus, and P. mirabilis with FICI value is 0.5 categories synergistic.
Effects of carbon dioxide purities on mitotic index in lymphocyte culture and metaphase chromosome quality Sofiati Purnami; Indri Permata Wibisari; Viria Agesti Suvifan; Siti Nurhayati; Dwi Ramadhani
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 13 No. 2 (2021)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n130206

Abstract

Abstract. Purnami S, Wibisari IP, Suvifan VA, Nurhayati S, Ramadhani D. 2021. Effects of carbon dioxide purities on mitotic index in lymphocyte culture and metaphase chromosome quality. Nusantara Bioscience 13: 171-176. The metaphase chromosome spread quality is necessary for a faster individual dose prediction following radiological accidents using dicentric chromosome assay. It is well known that the low-quality metaphase chromosome spreads can lead to false positives of dicentric chromosome identification. Thus, evaluating the main variable that influences the preparation of high-quality metaphase chromosome spread is important. Until now, no studies have assessed the effects of CO2 purities on metaphase chromosome spread quality. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of carbon dioxide (CO2) purities on lymphocyte proliferation and the quality of metaphase chromosome spreads to improve the chromosome aberration assay for cytogenetic biodosimetry purposes. Whole blood samples from three subjects were cultured and incubated for 48 hours with two different grades of CO2 (high purity and food grades) and without CO2. Each subject's mitotic index (MI) was assessed, and the quality of metaphase chromosome spreads was evaluated by comparing the lengths of chromosomes 1, 2, and 21. Statistical analysis revealed that the difference between manual and automatic MI under three conditions of CO2 purity was not statistically significant (p = 0.162; p = 0.901). Comparative analysis of the lengths of chromosomes 1, 2, and 21 from 145 metaphases also showed a difference that was not statistically significant (p = 0.745; p = 0.915; p = 0.399). Our findings suggest that CO2 purities do not impair lymphocyte proliferation or metaphase quality. Further investigation should include other technical improvements, such as drop-slide optimization.
Species diversity and ethnobotanical inventory of wild flora used by the folk community of Shinghar Balochistan, Pakistan ANWAR UL HAQ; SHAZIA SAEED; Alia Ahmed
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 13 No. 2 (2021)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n130203

Abstract

Abstract. Haq AU, Saeed S, Ahmed A. 2021. Species diversity and ethnobotanical inventory of wild flora used by the folk community of Shinghar Balochistan, Pakistan. Nusantara Bioscience 13: 148-157. Upper Suleiman Mountain of Shinghar Balochistan, Pakistan, is little known by outsiders, and the structural and floristic composition are poorly understood. The dominant socio-linguistic groups of the area are Pashtoon tribes, having a long history of medicinal plants utilization as a part of their indigenous primary health care system. The present study was carried out to describe the plant species diversity of Shinghar and to the inventory of some important wild medicinal, edible and endemic plants of the region. A total of 102 species belonging to 42 families and 88 genera were recorded. Herbs comprised 62% of documented plants, followed by shrubs (26%) and trees (14%). Medicinal plants of the area are being used in the treatment of many ailments like joint pains, stomach problems, skin allergies, and inflammation. Edible plants were 14% of the total recorded plants. The documented plants were also used for other use-categories than medicinal and edible purposes, including fodder, fencing, and ornamental. In addition, some of the medicinal plants were considered poisonous but used for medicine. The area's elevation ranged from 1,700 to 3,400 meters above sea level. The dominating tree was Pinus gerardiana, and the area is also known as the Chilghoza Forest. Asteraceae was the dominating family in the area with 14 species, followed by Lamiaceae (7 species), Poaceae (6 species), Solanaceae, Leguminosae, Fabaceae, and Apocynaceae with 5 species each. The results revealed the importance of the area's endemic and endangered plants that must be conserved. Moreover, the present study highlighted species diversity not earlier described from high altitudes.
Orchids of Mount Ungaran (Indonesia) compiled from a decade of data collections between 2010 and 2021: The List of Ungaran Orchids FIRMAN HERU KURNIAWAN; LUTFIAN NAZAR; RINI ANJARWATI; HERBOWO DWI SASONO; MARGARETA RAHAYUNINGSIH
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 13 No. 2 (2021)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n130214

Abstract

Abstract. Kurniawan FH, Nazar L, Anjarwati R, Sasono HD, Rahayuningsih M. 2021. Orchids of Mount Ungaran (Indonesia) were compiled from a decade of data collection between 2010 and 2021. Nusantara Bioscience 13: 238-252. Orchid is well known as a plant group widely used as ornamental plants because of their uniqueness. But, high exploitation, deforestation, and land-use changes have threatened orchid species and triggered extinction. It also happened in Mount Ungaran, Central Java, Indonesia, despite its designation as an essential ecosystem area. This research was conducted to add an updated list of wild orchid species that can serve as biodiversity baseline data for conservation management in Mount Ungaran. The study was carried out through exploration activities from 2010 to 2021. The study area covered 11 sites, i.e., Gentong, Kalisidi, Pasigitan, Banyuwindu, Watuondo, Indrakila, Gonoharjo, Gajahmungkur, Camp Mawar, Gondang, and Puncak, which were all included in the buffer zone of Mount Ungaran. A total of 115 species from 54 genera of orchids were successfully identified, including 78 species of epiphyte and 37 species of terrestrial orchids. Among the species recorded, at least 27 species were known to be endemic to Indonesia, and 8 species were endemic to the island of Java, of which four species were listed in the IUCN Red List. In addition, all the species found were listed in Appendix II of the CITES, except one species, Paphiopedilum javanicum, which was listed in Appendix I. This study recorded the new distribution records of several species of orchids that were previously only found in West Java or East Java, i.e., Ania penangiana, Pholidota convallariae, and Crepidium junghuhnii. This study has also documented a species from the genus Crepidium, which morphological characters have not been described in any identification guides. The Gentong area has the potential as a priority for in-situ orchid protection area of the highest number of species reached 54% of all orchids found on Mount Ungaran.
Determining the relevance of HLA/KIR matching/mismatching on kidney and liver transplantation rejection: A meta-analysis Brian Batuan; CRISEL JEAN CAJAYON; BERLINN AIRIANE CASTRO; MIGUEL LUIS AUSTRIA; DERRICK NIKOLAI CO; SOPHIA KRISTINE EBREO; BENJIE CLEMENTE; RAPHAEL ENRIQUE TIONGCO
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 13 No. 2 (2021)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n130211

Abstract

Abstract. Batuan B, Cajayon CJ, Castro BA, Austria ML, Co DN, Ebreo SK, Clemente B, Tiongco RE. 2021. Determining the relevance of HLA/KIR matching/mismatching on kidney and liver transplantation rejection: A meta-analysis. Nusantara Bioscience 13: 211-218. The kidney and liver are solid organs commonly transplanted nowadays. However, there are cases wherein graft rejection occurs due to foreign Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) proteins. Furthermore, the function of Natural Killer (NK) cells and their receptors in solid organ transplantation is not yet fully elucidated. This study aims to determine the relevance of matching HLA/Killer cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptors (KIR) with kidney and liver transplantation outcomes. First, articles were screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria provided, which garnered eight definitive studies. Next, data were tabulated using a standardized extraction form. A meta-analysis was conducted to formulate conclusions regarding the significance of HLA/KIR matching and mismatching in kidney and liver transplantations. Fixed- and random-effects models were utilized to compute and establish 95% CI and pooled ORs wherein a p-value of less than 0.05 is considered significant. A combined Chi-square-based Q test and I2 statistics were used to identify heterogeneity, which was resolved with a funnel plot. In this meta-analysis, only the HLA-Bw4/KIR3DL1 combination was found significant to lower the risk of allograft rejection (OR=0.73; PA=0.009; PH=0.42). Other combinations include HLA-C1 and KIR2DL2/3, HLA-C1 and KIR2DS2/3, HLA-C2 and KIR2DL1/DS2, and HLA-Bw4/KIR3DS1 were found to be insignificant; hence, these do not influence the allograft rejections. In conclusion, the role of HLA/KIR combinations on solid organ transplantation rejection is only significant in HLA-Bw4/KIR3DL1 interaction, which correlates with decreased odds of allograft rejection. Factors including KIR allele variations, insufficient data and journals related to the topic, and unestablished association of HLA/KIR in other organ transplantations affected the results of this meta-analysis; thus, these are recommended to be considered in future studies.

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