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Nusantara Bioscience
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 20873948     EISSN : 20873956     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/nusbiosci
Core Subject : Education,
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Aims and Scope Nusantara Bioscience (Nusantara Biosci) encourages submission of manuscripts dealing with all aspects of biological sciences that emphasize issues germane to biological and nature conservation.
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 545 Documents
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Development of a core collection from Sri Lankan traditional rice (Oryza sativa) varieties for phenotypic and genetic diversity Shyama Weerakoon; Seneviratne Somaratne
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 13 No. 1 (2021)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n130109

Abstract

Abstract. Weerakoon SR, Somaratne S. 2021. Development of a core collection from Sri Lankan traditional rice (Oryza sativa) varieties for phenotypic and genetic diversity. Nusantara Bioscience 13: 61-67. A collection of over 2000 traditional rice varieties are conserved at Gene Bank, Plant Genetics Resource Center, Sri Lanka. Oryza sativa varieties grown in Sri Lanka from ancient times to the middle of the last century are known as traditional rice. These varieties show adaptability to biotic and abiotic stresses and, an important component of biodiversity of Sri Lanka. A detailed understanding of the diversity of traditional rice varieties is essential for effective utilization of rice genetic resources and identification of potential parents possessing valuable genetic traits for future crop improvement. Study objectives were phenotypic and molecular characterization of one-hundred traditional rice varieties and to identify a core collection for phenotypic and genetic diversity. Rice varieties were grown in a plant house following RCBD with 4 replicates and 5 plants per replicate. Thirty-two agro-morphological characters were observed/collected. Genomic DNA was extracted from 20-days-old seedlings. Thirty?three microsatellite (Simple Sequence Repeat-SSR) primer pairs were used to assay genetic variation and PCR products were subjected to fragment analysis by capillary electrophoresis. Descriptive statistics and basic inferential statistical analyses were performed to access variation of agro-morphological characters among rice varieties. Cluster analysis and Multidimensional scaling produced 07 groups which were further analyzed using Classification and Regression Analysis to extract the diagnostic agro-morphological features. Groups of rice varieties were characterized by lemma palea color, awn color at maturity, seedling height, and flag-leaf angle. Traditional varieties represent distant clusters on agro-morphological features. Molecular analyses revealed all 33 loci displayed polymorphism (66.7-96.9%) among 100 traditional rice varieties with a total of 387 alleles identified with an average of 11.72 alleles per variety. All varieties were genetically structured into fifteen well-separated groups. UPGMA analysis based on Jaccard's similarity separated varieties into 05 major clusters. Genetic diversity information is useful in the efficient use of Sri Lankan rice germplasm and managing in situ and ex situ germplasm collections in conserving traditional rice varieties.
Preliminary QTL detection for Corynespora Leaf Fall disease resistance in rubber plant Fetrina Oktavia; Sudarsono SUDARSONO; Diny Dinarti
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 13 No. 1 (2021)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n130108

Abstract

Abstract. Oktavia F, Sudarsono, Dinarti D. 2021. Preliminary QTL detection for Corynespora Leaf Fall disease resistance in rubber plant. Nusantara Bioscience 13: 53-61. Corynespora Leaf Fall (CLF) disease caused by Corynespora cassiicola fungus is one of the most important diseases of rubber trees. Conventional breeding to obtain the resistant rubber clones was constrained by the long time required for selection processes. This study was aimed to identify resistant loci linked with CLF disease on the rubber tree. Analysis was conducted on 104 F1 of BPM 1 x RRIM 600. The resistance evaluation of the population had been done against two C. cassiicola isolates and the molecular analysis was generated by using 28 selected SSR markers. There was a phenotypic variation in F1 resistance to both isolates with leaf wilting intensities ranged from 5.2% to 33.4% on CC-06 isolate, and from 3.5% to 36.4% on CC-22 isolate. There was no QTL identified on the genetic linkage map, but a single marker analysis showed that some loci associated with CLF disease. The associated loci can be used as a preliminary information to develop molecular markers linked with resistance to CLF disease to assist the rubber breeding programs.
Ethnoveterinary practice of medicinal plants in Chhatradev Rural Municipality, Arghakhanchi District of Western Nepal Alok Dhakal; Sushank Khanal; Meena Pandey
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 13 No. 1 (2021)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n130105

Abstract

Abstract. Dhakal A, Khanal S, Pandey M. 2021. Ethnoveterinary practice of medicinal plants in Chhatradev Rural Municipality, Arghakhanchi District of Western Nepal. Nusantara Bioscience 13: 29-40. The use of medicinal plants is a traditional system in treating domestic animals in Nepal. This study was done to investigate and document knowledge about using different plants with medicinal value to cure different animal ailments in Chhatradev Rural Municipality, Arghakhanchi district of western Nepal. A total of 100 elderly people rearing domestic animals and having traditional knowledge of ethnoveterinary plants were selected for interview. A semi-structured questionnaire was employed, and interviews were conducted for addressing detailed ethnoveterinary information. The uses of 103 plant species belonging to 56 families were documented for the treatment of 21 animal ailments. Fabaceae was found to be a dominant family with 10 plant species followed by Poaceae (8 species). The most commonly used plant parts were leaf, seed, and fruit. Herbs were dominant with 44 plant species followed by trees (32 species), shrubs (14 species), and climbers (13 species). The wide application of the medicinal plants as the form of paste formulation was observed for 41 plant species, while 25 plant species were used as powder formulation followed by Juice (21 species), raw (20 species), decoction (19 species), infusion (5 species), and roasted formulation (3 species). Oral route was the most common route followed by dermal and ocular. It was found that the informant consensus factor (ICF) values varied from 0.858 to 0.96. A high informant consensus factor was found for ailment of reproductive category (0.96) followed by respiratory (0.957), gastrointestinal (0.949) while the least was in urinary problem category (0.858). The highest citation frequency was found for Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague (247) followed by Myristica fragrans Houtt. (111), Sesamum indicum L. (109), Saccharum officinarum L. (107) and Zea mays L. (97). The wide use and rich knowledge of ethnoveterinary practice were found in the study area. This study might be handy to discover useful ethnopharmaceutical agents applicable in the livestock industry. Conservation programs should be done from the government level and study on the use of medicinal plants for treating animal diseases is recommended.
Short communication: Insect detection using a machine learning model Yash Munnalal Gupta; SOMJIT HOMCHAN
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 13 No. 1 (2021)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n130110

Abstract

Abstract. Homchan S, Gupta YM. 2021. Short communication: Insect detection using a machine learning model. Nusantara Bioscience 13: 69-73. The key step in characterizing any organisms and their gender highly relies on correct identification of specimens. Here we aim to classify insect and their sex by supervised machine learning (ML) model. In the present preliminary study, we used a newly developed graphical user interface (GUI) based platform to create a machine learning model for classifying two economically important cricket species. This study aims to develop ML model for Acheta domesticus and Gryllus bimaculatus species classification and sexing. An experimental investigation was conducted to use Google teachable machine GTM for preliminary cricket species detection and sexing using pre-processed 2646 still images. An alternative method for image processing is used to extract still images from high-resolution video for optimum accuracy. Out of the 2646 images, 2247 were used for training ML model and 399 were used for testing the trained model. The prediction accuracy of trained model had 100 % accuracy to identify both species and their sex. The developed trained model can be integrated into the mobile application for cricket species classification and sexing. The present study may guide professionals in the field of life science to develop ML models based on image classification, and serve as an example for researchers and taxonomists to employ machine learning for species classification and sexing in the preliminary analysis. Apart from our main goals, the paper also intends to provide the possibility of ML models in biological studies and to conduct the preliminary assessment of biodiversity.
Review: Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in fish and other aquatic organisms from Karachi Coast, Pakistan Ramzy Yousif; MUHAMMAD IQBAL CHOUDHARY; SHAKEL AHMED; QURATULAN AHMED
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 13 No. 1 (2021)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n130111

Abstract

Abstract. Yousif RA, Choudhary MI, Ahmed S, Ahmed Q. 2021. Review: Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in fish and other aquatic organisms from Karachi Coast, Pakistan. Nusantara Bioscience 13: 74-85. Heavy metals are being utilized in a variety of ways in industries, agriculture, food processing and household in many forms. Metals are unique environmental and industrial pollutants in the sense that they are neither created nor destroyed by human beings but are only transported and transformed into various products. The present study deals with the findings of various investigators on the effect of heavy metals on fish and other aquatic organisms on Karachi coasts of Pakistan. The polluted areas (Rivers and Karachi coasts) receiving effluents from industrial, agricultural, municipal and domestic wastes. The order of abundance of the metals were as fellow; Fe > Zn > Cu > Mn > Cd > Pb > Cr > Ni > Hg > As. Most studies showed that essential metals (Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn) in aquatic organisms are much high, but the quantities of non-essential metals are found to be less. This review has shown that fish and other aquatic organisms are used as bio-monitoring species in heavy metal pollution. It is suggested that such investigations should be continuous in terms of both human health and determination of metal pollution in aquatic environment.
The suitability assessment of the tree species in the urban parks and urban forest in Kediri City, East Java, Indonesia Whisnu Febry Afrianto; SUSANTI INDRIYA WATI; TAUFIQ HIDAYATULLAH
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 13 No. 2 (2021)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n130201

Abstract

Abstract. Afrianto WF, Wati SI, Hidayatullah T. 2021. The suitability assessment of the tree species in the urban parks and urban forest in Kediri City, East Java, Indonesia. Nusantara Bioscience 13: 131-139. Kediri has several urban parks and an urban forest as green open space (GOS), which have essential roles in economical, social, aesthetical, and ecological aspects. Generally, urban trees provide ecosystem services, such as carbon sequestration, stormwater attenuation, energy conservation, habitat for wildlife, and air, water, and noise pollutants reduction. The present study aimed to (i) determine tree diversity in five urban parks and an urban forest in Kediri City and (ii) evaluate the suitability of tree species based on three indicators (silviculture, management, and aesthetic). This study was conducted in five urban parks and one urban forest in Kediri City. The suitability assessment was carried out through a literature review. The results showed that 29 tree species belonging to 17 families were found in the study sites, with the family Fabaceae being the most dominant one with five species. The number of exotic tree species (17) was higher than that of the native ones (12). The suitability assessment results showed that 21 tree species had a high score of 39-44, and only eight urban tree species had a medium score of 36-38. The urban parks and forests in Kediri were managed to conserve germplasm, recreation, and protection. Therefore, the shapes had to be clumped and lined. This study will contribute information to be used as guidance for urban tree management and policy framework.
Characterization and evaluation of the variability of dragon fruit accessions in Dairi District, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia Luthfi Aziz Mahmud Siregar; NINA UNZILA ANGKAT; REVANDY ISKANDAR DAMANIK
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 13 No. 1 (2021)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n130118

Abstract

Abstract. Siregar LAM, Angkat NU, Damanik RI. 2021. Characterization and evaluation of the variability of dragon fruit accessions in Dairi District, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. Nusantara Bioscience 13: 138-145. Many types of dragon fruits were planted in Dairi District of North Sumatra Province without much information of their importance in economic values. Therefore, this study was carried out to evaluate the variability of the dragon fruit population in this region to assist the local farmers in selecting the best species for planting. This study used a morphological observation method based on dragon fruit descriptor employing a purposive sampling technique. A total of 56 dragon fruit accessions collected from Sidikalang, Sitinjo, and Siempat Nempuhulu Sub-districts were studied and characterized based on the morphological characteristics of stems, flowers, and fruit. The results showed some variations in the stem, flower, and fruit morphology among the studied population. The dragon fruit plant that is widely cultivated by farmers in three sub-districts of Dairi District is a species of Hylocereus polyrhizus. Phenotypic diversity analysis showed seven quantitative characters with broad criteria of eighteen characters observed, namely stem length, pericarpel length, number of lobes, flower shoot length, number of bractea, bractea peak length, and fruit weight. However, phenotypic diversity analysis indicates they are closely related to each other except for accession D17 the red dragon fruit or red pitaya (Hylocereus spp.), and it could be the exotic species for nation-wide planting in Indonesia.
Strategy for marine ecotourism development based on natural resource management: Case study in Kotania Bay, Western Seram District, Maluku, Indonesia Henderina Lelloltery; Maman Rumanta; Rony Marsyal Kunda
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 13 No. 1 (2021)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n130113

Abstract

Abstract. Lelloltery H, Rumanta M, Kunda RM. 2021. Strategy for marine ecotourism development based on natural resource management: Case study in Kotania Bay, Western Seram District, Maluku. Nusantara Bioscience 13: 91-99. The study aimed to identify the potential for marine ecotourism in Kotania Bay, and formulated strategies and priorities for developing marine ecotourism in Kotania Bay. Data collection on ecological potential consisted of mangrove and fauna vegetation using the line transect method, while coastal and marine resources included coral reefs and reef fish using the Line Intercept Transect (LIT) method. Development strategies and priorities used the SWOT and AHP methods. The results showed that the potential of coastal natural resources around the Kotania Bay consisted of 12 mangrove species belonging to7 families with species diversity index 1.76, and dominated by Rhizophora mucronata and Bruguiera cylindrica. The bird species were 33 species belonging to 23 families, with several endemic species such as Philemon subcorniculatus, Eulipoa wallacei, Birgus latro, and Pteropus melanopogon. Potential marine water resources consisted of 45 coral species belonging to 23 genera and 14 families with 10-12 life-forms. The diversity of reef fish species was quite abundant consisting of 129 species from 60 genera and 22 families. The sand beach on Marsegu island is a tourist destination that is demanded by the tourists. SWOT analysis showed that the potential of coastal and marine natural resources in Kotania Bay is very likely to be developed as marine ecotourism.
Faunistic study on scorpions and their health impact in Bashagard County, Hormozgan Province, Southern Iran Mehran Shahi; Seyed Aghil Jaberhashemi; Ahmad Ali Hanafi-Bojd; Morteza Akbari; Javad Rafinejad
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 13 No. 1 (2021)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n130112

Abstract

Abstract. Shahi M, Jaberhashemi SA, Hanafi-Bojd AA, Akbari M, Rafinejad J. 2021. Faunistic study on scorpions and their health impact in Bashagard County, Hormozgan Province, Southern Iran. Nusantara Bioscience 13: 85-90. Scorpion sting is a major public health problem in tropical and subtropical countries, endangering thousands of lives annually. About 2300 scorpion sting cases including several deaths are reported from Hormozgan Province annually. This study aimed to determine the fauna of scorpions and epidemiological aspects of scorpion sting in one of the high-risk areas in this province. Scorpions were collected by diurnal searching and night catch using UV light during 2015-2016. Clinical and demographic data of scorpion sting were obtained from Hormozgan Health Center using the checklist of the Center for Disease Control (CDC) archive during the study period. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 21 software. A total of 382 scorpions comprising of 9 species belonging to Buthidae (76%) and Hemiscorpiidae (24%) families were collected and identified as Mesobuthus phillipsi, Androctonus crassicauda, Hottentotta sistanensis, Compsobuthus persicus, Hemiscorpius acanthocercus, Orthochirus farzanpayi, H. acanthocercus, and Odontobuthos sp. The most abundant species in the study area was M. phillipsi. During 2015-2016, a total of 1221 scorpion sting cases including four deaths were recorded in Bashagard County, while most of the cases occurring during summer. The climate of the eastern regions of Hormozgan Province provides a suitable habitat for one of the deadliest genera of scorpions, i.e. Hemiscorpius. This genus is the main cause of death due to scorpion sting in these regions. It is thus necessary to design appropriate programs for the prevention and treatment of scorpion sting, including health education programs for both community members and healthcare personnel.
Assessing the susceptibility of the selected gourami (Osphronemus goramy) to Aeromonas hydrophila Rita Febrianti; Ikhsan Khasani; Keukeu Kaniawati Rosada
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 13 No. 1 (2021)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n130115

Abstract

Abstract. Febrianti R, Khasani I, Rosada KK. 2021. Assessing the susceptibility of the selected gourami (Osphronemus goramy) to Aeromonas hydrophila. Nusantara Bioscience 13: 111-120. A breeding program to improve the growth performance of the gourami fish was carried out through selection methods that produced faster growth gourami (selected population). The purpose of this study was to determine the susceptibility of the selected gourami to Aeromonas hydrophila infection based on tolerance limits (LD50) and investigated clinical signs post-injection of the pathogenic bacteria. The challenge test by intramuscular injection of A. hydrophila was done to the fingerling fish (15-20 g) for 14 days post-infection. The population of the tested fish was obtained from six families, selected gourami (SP), and non-selected control (CP) groups. Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) as control and several doses of the pathogen, 102, 104, 105, 106, 107, and 108 CFU/mL of A. hydrophila, were injected into the fish. Fish mortality and clinical signs were observed daily. The fish mortality was confirmed by isolating bacteria in the fish which showed clinical signs, followed by biochemical characterization of the isolated bacteria using API 20E and PCR. The LD50 of A. hydrophila to the selected population (9.70 × 105 CFU/mL) was higher than that of the control (6.50 × 104 CFU/mL). On the final day of the test, the accumulation mortality of CP (63.33±5.77%) higher than that in SP (33.33±5.77%). Based on the output test statistics, it was known that there was a significant difference between the mortality and clinical signs of SP and CP. The data suggested that the selected gourami were more resistant to A. hydrophila infection than that of the control. The A. hydrophila infection caused most of the major clinical signs, including mass mortality of the fish. The biochemical and PCR test ensure that fish mortality was caused by A. hydrophila infection.

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