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Nusantara Bioscience
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 20873948     EISSN : 20873956     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/nusbiosci
Core Subject : Education,
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Aims and Scope Nusantara Bioscience (Nusantara Biosci) encourages submission of manuscripts dealing with all aspects of biological sciences that emphasize issues germane to biological and nature conservation.
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 545 Documents
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Yield performances of rice varieties (Oryza sativa) under nano-CuO and nano-ZnO micronutrient fertilizers CHAMODI LAKMINI THISERA SANDANAYAKE; SHYAMA RANJANI WEERAKOON; NAVARATNASAMY KARTHIKEYAN; SENEVIRATNE SOMARATNE
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 14 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n140112

Abstract

Abstract. Sandanayake CLT, Weerakoon SR, Karthikeyan N, Somaratne S. 2022. Yield performances of rice varieties (Oryza sativa) under nano-CuO and nano-ZnO micronutrient fertilizers. Nusantara Bioscience 14: 95-103. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a primary staple food in the world. There is an extreme need for higher rice yields to meet the ever-increasing demand with the rise in population despite the hampering impact of climatic changes. Nanotechnology plays a potential role in food security and introduces nano fertilizers as an alternative to conventional fertilizers. Therefore, the present research was carried out to determine the effects of nano micronutrient fertilizers, nano-CuO, and nano-ZnO on the yield of selected rice varieties, Bg360, BW364, Kaluheenati, and Kuruluthuda. Sol-gel and thermal decomposition methods synthesized nano-fertilizers used in the study. Nano-ZnO, nano-CuO, and nano-CuO-ZnO composite treatments were applied as a foliar spray at concentrations of 30 mg L-1 (T1), 60 mg L-1 (T2), and 120 mg L-1 (T3) and double deionized water served as the control (T0). The synthesized nano-fertilizers were applied during the growth stage [at 48-58 days after sowing (DAS)] and grain filling stage [100-105 DAS], while the plants were provided with appropriate levels of N, P, and K fertilizers, as recommended by Department of Agriculture. A Complete Randomized Block Design was employed with three blocks and five replicates in each block. The Yield parameters were recorded at the harvesting stage. Descriptive statistics such as mean and standard error of mean and inferential statistics were performed on the data obtained. ANOVA with interaction terms was performed to assess the significant differences between the treatments. The descriptive analyses show an increase in the yield of the rice varieties under the application of nano-fertilizers. ANOVA suggests a significant effect (p ? 0.05) of nano-CuO and nano-ZnO on the yield of rice varieties used in the study. Both traditional and inbred rice varieties indicated yield response to applied nano-fertilizers.
Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by local communities of Damot Woyde District, Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia MOA MEGERSA; SAMUEL WOLDETSADIK
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 14 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n140102

Abstract

Abstract. Megersa M, Woldetsadik S. 2022. Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by local communities of Damot Woyde District, Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia. Nusantara Bioscience 14: 10-24. Humans have used traditional medicines, mainly of plant origins, to treat diseases. Early humans faced a tremendous challenge when searching for natural products used as medicines. This study reports on an ethnobotanical study that focused on the traditional medicinal plants used by local communities to treat human and livestock diseases. An ethnobotanical study on medicinal plants was conducted from February 2020 to October 2020. That involved semi-structured interviews, field observations, market surveys, and group discussions with informants to document information on the use and management of medicinal plants by the people of Damot Woyde District. Fifty-seven medicinal plant species belonging to 31 families have been collected in the study area inhabitants use that to treat various diseases in humans and livestock. The leading family was Asteraceae which was represented by 7 species (12.3%), followed by Rutaceae (6 species, 10.5%) and Solanaceae (5 species, 9%). Of the 57 medicinal plants collected, 36 (63.2%) were used to treat human ailments only, while 6 (10.5%) plant species were used to treat livestock ailments only, and 15 (26.31%) were used to treat both human and livestock ailments. Herbs constituted the largest number of 22 species (38.6%), followed by shrubs 18 species (31.6%), trees 15 species (26.3%), and climbers 2 species (3.51%). Leaves (31.3%) were the study area's most commonly used plant parts for preparing traditional remedies. Oral administration was the predominant mode of administration, accounting for 71%. Preference ranking analysis revealed Allium sativum L. was the most preferred plant species for treating the common cold. When the direct matrix ranking was analyzed, Croton macrostachyus Hochst. Ex. Del. was the most commonly used medicinal plant for various purposes. Our finding revealed that plant species' use plays a vital role in treating human and animal diseases in Damot Woyde District. Phytochemical and pharmacological tests are recommended mainly on frequently used medicinal plants.
Short Communication: Thromboplerous hyphae of the ectomycorrhizal mushroom Rhizopogon roseolus with and without a host tree IVAN PERMANA PUTRA; TADANORI AIMI; NORIHIRO SHIMOMURA
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 14 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n140106

Abstract

Abstract. Putra IP, Aimi, T, Shimomura N. 2022. Short Communication: Thromboplerous hyphae of the ectomycorrhizal mushroom Rhizopogon roseolus with and without a host tree. Nusantara Bioscience 14: 47-52. Thromboplerous hyphae are modified hyphae found in the basidiocarp of many agarics. However, data on their development and function, as well as on their formation in pure cultures of ectomycorrhizal mushrooms, are scarce. The aim of the present study was to characterize the cytological descriptions of thromboplerous hyphae from pure cultures of Rhizopogon roseolus (Corda) Th.M. Fr. with or without the host pine tree Pinus thunbergii Parl. Thromboplerous hyphae formed on the mycelium and mycelial cords in all experimental settings. Results revealed thromboplerous hyphae were extremely melanized, smooth, cracked on the surface, and swollen at both hyphal termini. Thromboplerous hyphae produced with a host were mainly unbranched in shape in contrast to those formed without a host that possessed additional twisted, semi-twisted, and branched forms. Some thromboplerous hyphae that grew without a host had large diameters, and few showed notable septa and clamp connections. The present study also provides evidence of the initial development of thromboplerous hyphae via vegetative and tubular hyphae. This study contributes to understanding the cytology of thromboplerous hyphae grown with and without a host tree. Further investigations on the specific functions of thromboplerous hyphae are needed to deepen the current knowledge of fungal cytology.
Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and root colonization in Polygonatum verticillatum AJAY KUMAR; ASHWANI TAPWAL
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 14 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n140107

Abstract

Abstract. Kumar A, Tapwal A. 2022. Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and root colonization in Polygonatum verticillatum. Nusantara Bioscience 14: 53-63. Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) associated with Polygonatum verticillatum (L.) All. was investigated in two sites of Himachal Himalaya, India. A total of 15 AMF species were isolated and identified from the rhizosphere soil of P. verticillatum. The spore density was 1.48 ± 1.91 and 3.99 ± 3.78 per 20 grams of rhizosphere soil at the site I and site II, respectively. Mycorrhizal colonization in the roots of P. verticillatum was recorded at 46.12 and 52.23 percent at the site I and site II, respectively. In addition, the mycorrhizal structures like darkly stained endophytic hyphae, coiled intracellular hyphae, Y-shaped hyphae, and 'H' connection (Arum type) were recorded.
Antioxidant potency of n-butanol fraction of Ficus glumosa leaves against oxidative stress induced by carbon tetrachloride in the kidneys of rats MICHAEL SUNDAY ABU ABU; OJOCHENEMI EJEH YAKUBU; JOB ITANYI ONUCHE; SILAS VERWIYEH TATAH
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 14 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n140105

Abstract

Abstract. Abu MS, Yakubu OE, Onuche JI, Tatah SV. 2022. Antioxidant potency of n-butanol fraction on Ficus glumosa leaves against oxidative stress induced by carbon tetrachloride in the kidneys of rats. Nusantara Bioscience 14: 40-46. The kidneys play several essential roles in the body, including regulating the water and ions reabsorb from glomerular filtrate in kidney tubules. It is controlled by several hormones such as antidiuretic hormone (ADH), aldosterone, and angiotensin II. This report presented the repairing effect of the n-butanol fraction of Ficus glumosa Delile on nephrotoxicity induced by CCl4 in rats. Rats were divided into 7 groups with 5 animals each. Groups 1 and 2 were used as normal and vehicle controls, respectively. Group 3 was induced but treated with neither extract nor standard drug. However, Groups 3, 4, and 5 were induced by CCl4 and administered with varying doses of the n-butanol fraction. Group 6 was induced by CCl4 and treated with a standard antioxidant drug. The results showed that treatments with an n-butanol fraction of F. glumosa leave and silymarin significantly (p<0.05) restored the activities of SOD, GPx, and CAT comparable to normal values, i.e., 2.10±0.07 U/L, 43.8±2.49 U/L, and 34.2±2.59 U/L, respectively. In addition, the treatments reduce the MDA level in the kidney of rats treated with an n-butanol fraction comparable to 0.34±0.05 mmol/L in the normal rats. Similarly, there was a significant (p<0.05) reduction of urea from 5.24 mg/dL to 3.5 mg/dL (standard value) in the treated groups. Creatinine significantly (p<0.05) reduced from 71.2 mg/dL in the treated groups to 43.3 mg/dL in the normal group. Electrolytes, Na+, K+, and Cl- levels in the CCl4-induced rats after administration of n-butanol fraction of F. glumosa leaves significantly (p<0.05) decreased to 137.8±2.59 mmol/L, 3.98±0.54 mmol/L, and 92.8±1.92 mmol/L respectively. The significant reversal of the rats' biochemical parameters can be ascribed to the ameliorative potency of the n-butanol fraction on methanol extract of F. glumosa leaves on the glomerular and tubular cells, which may have improved renal function in the injured kidney.
Ethnobotany of medicinal plants from Lampung Tribe around Way Kambas National Park, Indonesia YUDIYANTO YUDIYANTO; NASRUL HAKIM; ANISATU Z. WAKHIDAH
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 14 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n140111

Abstract

Abstract. Yudiyanto, Hakim N, Wakhidah AZ. 2022. Ethnobotany of medicinal plants from Lampung Tribe around Way Kambas National Park, Indonesia. Nusantara Bioscience 14: 84-94. The local communities of the Lampung Tribe around Way Kambas National Park (TNWK), Lampung, Indonesia, utilize forest resources through local community knowledge. However, cultural modernization can potentially lead to the erosion of people's traditional knowledge. Therefore, this study is essential to be conducted. This study aimed to inventory medicinal plant species and describe local communities' knowledge of the use of medicinal plants. Semi-structured interviews and observations collected ethnobotanical data. The results were presented in a table and diagram and then analyzed qualitatively. The results showed that the local community of the Lampung Tribe around the TNWK area used as many as 69 species of medicinal plants belonging to 39 families. Zingiberaceae was the family with the highest number of species. Leaves were the plant part that was used mainly by the local community. Boiling was the most widely used mode of preparation. The Lampung Tribe uses plants to treat various diseases grouped into external and internal diseases. The local community frequently experiences external diseases.
Prevalence of b-lactamase produced in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae isolated from gingivitis in Al-Najaf Province, Iraq ZAHRAA YOSIF MOTAWEQ
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 14 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n140110

Abstract

Abstract. Motaweq ZY. 2022. Prevalence of b-lactamase produced in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae isolated from gingivitis in Al-Najaf Province, Iraq. Nusantara Bioscience 14: 78-83. This study provides phenotypic and genotypic ?-lactamase formation data on 26 isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae isolated from patients with gingivitis checked at Al-Kafeel clinic and private clinic in Al-Najaf Province-Iraq during the period from September 2020 to February 2021. In this study, some were detected by traditional phenotypic methods, while others were detected by phenotypic and then genotypically by using the monoplex-PCR technique. The results revealed that out of 14 b-lactam resistance K. pneumoniae isolates, eight isolates (57.1%) gave positive results with the direct capillary tubes method, while 12 b-lactam resistance E. cloacae gave 6 (50%) positive results. This result indicated that enzymatic resistance was prevalent among isolates. Furthermore, the results showed that most isolates were ESBL producers according to initial and confirmatory methods. Molecular amplification of the b-lactamase enzyme blaSHV gene was detected in 8 (57.1%) and 5 (41.6%) for K. pneumoniae and E. cloacae, respectively. While all 100% of K. pneumoniae and E. cloacae isolates gave negative results for the blaGES gene. This study aimed to investigate the b-lactamase formation and detection of blaSHV and blaGES genes in K. pneumoniae and E. cloacae isolated from gingivitis diseases.
In vitro thrombolytic activity of Moringa oleifera BHAVIKA KUNWAR; VARTIKA JAIN; S. K. VERMA
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 14 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n140108

Abstract

Abstract. Kunwar B, Jain V, Verma SK. 2022. In vitro thrombolytic activity of Moringa oleifera. Nusantara Bioscience 14: 63-69. Moringa oleifera Lam. (Family Moringaceae) is a medium-sized perennial tree, commonly known as drumstick tree, horse radish tree, miracle tree, sahjan, shobhanjana, munga arak, etc., in different languages. Leaves, flowers, and pods of the plant are edible. Various parts of the plant are utilized to treat several diseases by ethnic communities, including heart ailments. Leaves and flowers of M. oleifera were assessed for preliminary qualitative phytochemical analysis and in vitro thrombolytic potential. Preliminary phytochemical screening has shown the presence of flavonoids, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, saponins, tannins, amino acids, and carbohydrates in the leaves and flowers of M. oleifera. Two types of methanolic extracts of both leaves (MEL-I and MEL-II) and flowers (MEF-I and MEF-II) were used to assess percent clot lysis. A significant in vitro clot lysis activity of MEL-I (36.64±1.55%), MEL-II (41.40±2.02%), and MEF-I (19.07±2.36%), and MEF-II (20.52±1.51%) was demonstrated in a concentration of one mg/mL as compared to negative control distilled water and positive control streptokinase for the first time. The edible plant's observed thrombolytic potential may be employed to prevent athero-thrombotic cardiovascular diseases. Further investigations are required to isolate the bioactive molecule responsible for the thrombolytic action.
Colorimetric estimation of vancomycin using modified silver nanoparticles and implementing it on various types of pharmaceutical perpetrations MOHAMMED AHMED AL-KARAMI; MOHAUMAN MOHAMMAD AL-RUFAIE
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 14 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n140109

Abstract

Abstract. Al-Karami MA, Al-Rufaie MM. 2022. Colorimetric estimation of vancomycin using modified silver nanoparticles and implementing it on various types of pharmaceutical perpetrations. Nusantara Bioscience 14: 70-77. The current research proposes a simple, quick, and sensitive method for determining the pure state of vancomycin (Van) and several of its medicinal formulations. The antibiotic (Van) effectively reduces the ore mineral salt from silver nitrate (Ag+) to silver nanoparticles. Polyvinylpyrrolidone was used as a stabilizer in a medium using sodium hydroxide as a base. The highest absorption of the vancomycin oxidation-reduction product occurs at 440 nm. The calibration curve is measured, and the following data is generated, indicating that the Beer-Lambert Law is followed within the concentration range of 2.5-70 parts per million. Sandal's molar absorptivity was 2.0043 x 104 L/mol.cm, and its sensitivity was 0.0723 g/cm2. The correlation coefficient was 0.9987, and the standard deviation rate was 0.402%. The biological influence of several Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was researched, and the efficacy of the samples prepared on these bacteria has shown to be promising.
Phenotypically and genotypically estimation of virulence factors in Salmonella serovar typhi isolated from patients with enteric fever in Al- Najaf, Iraq LIQAA SALIM; ZAHRAA YOSIF MOTAWEQ
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 14 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n140116

Abstract

Abstract. Zghair LS, Motaweq ZY, Lafta HC. 2022. Phenotypically and genotypically estimation of virulence factors in Salmonella serovar typhi isolated from patients with enteric fever in Al-Najaf, Iraq. Nusantara Bioscience 14: 128-133. Salmonella serovar typhi, often known as enteric fever, causes typhoid fever and has been a major human infectious disease for centuries, surviving in poor sanitation and overcrowding. Only 64 (58.1%) Gram-negative bacteria were found from the 110 total specimens, with 46 (41.8%) Gram-positive bacteria. The 64 samples were divided into 42 (65.6%) males and 22 (34.4%) females. This work presents the isolation and identification of 64 Salmonella typhi isolates obtained from specimens. In addition, the flagellin gene was found in 64 isolates of probable typhoid fever patients (fliC-d). In this study, phenotypic techniques were used to detect several virulence factors. The results showed that small colonies of L-form bacteria grow on the edges of a petri dish when one of the ?-lactam antibiotics (a class of antibiotics that includes penicillin) is given to wild-type bacteria, showing 52 (81.3%) of isolates could produce L-form and observed in 44 (68.75%). The ability to generate CFA/I and CFA/II was found in 68.7% of isolates. The large percentage of CFA produced showed CFA/III production, 64 (100%).

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