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Nusantara Bioscience
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 20873948     EISSN : 20873956     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/nusbiosci
Core Subject : Education,
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Aims and Scope Nusantara Bioscience (Nusantara Biosci) encourages submission of manuscripts dealing with all aspects of biological sciences that emphasize issues germane to biological and nature conservation.
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 545 Documents
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Diversity studies on insect pests of high altitudinal transitional zones of North-western Himalayas PAWAN KUMAR; TAMANNA SINGH THAKUR; DEEPIKA DEEPIKA; NEHA SHARMA
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 14 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n140211

Abstract

Abstract. Kumar P, Thakur TS, Deepika, Sharma N. 2022. Diversity studies on insect pests of high altitudinal transitional zones of North-western Himalayas. Nusantara Bioscience 14: 203-210. Class Insecta constitute a major fauna and comprise many species of economic importance. Due to climate change and increase in temperature, many insect species are changing their habitat considerably and shifting their hosts, which leads to changes in the diversity of insect pests at different altitudinal gradients. High altitude forest cover is not large and massive as plains forest cover, but it supports some of the very important economical tree species like- Quercus sp., Himalayan Poplar, Betula sp., Abies pindrow (Royle ex D.Don) Royle, Juniper spp., Birdcherry, Maple, etc. The present study analyzed any change in insect pest incidences and diversity of pest species due to the change in host preferences or climatic patterns. The study was conducted at four selected sites viz. Rohtang area (Kullu Forest Division), Chanshal area (Rohru Forest Division), Sach area (Churah Forest Division), and Indrahar area (Dharamshala Forest Division) of high altitudinal transitional zones of Himachal Pradesh, India, to study insect pest diversity. A total of 32 insect species were recorded during the study period comprised of the insect orders viz., Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Hemiptera, Orthoptera, Dermaptera, and Lepidoptera. The present investigation led to the finding that species of Coleoptera (beetles) were the most dominant insects attacking trees of the high altitudinal transitional zone, followed by Lepidoptera (Butterflies and moths) and Hemiptera (aphids).
Fruit development and capsaicin content of hot pepper (Capsicum annuum) plant cultivated in different soil salinity stress PURIN CANDRA PURNAMA; ISSIREP SUMARDI; L. HARTANTO NUGROHO
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 14 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n140206

Abstract

Abstract. Purnama PC, Sumardi I, Nugroho LH. 2022. Fruit development and capsaicin content of hot pepper (Capsicum annuum) plant cultivated in different soil salinity stress. Nusantara Bioscience 14: 166-171. Land scarcity for cropping at Java Island is a challenge for scientists to look for alternative cropping land. The use of saline land for cropping needs to have further discussed. Red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) can be used as a plant model because, aside from being used as a vegetable, it is also used as natural medicine because of its secondary metabolite, capsaicin. A harsh environment could induce changes in the primary metabolism, which leads to secondary metabolite decomposition. For example, plants respond to stress, such as salt stress, by synthesizing flavonoids and phenolic acid as defense systems to reduce damage. However, the total sugar level and organic acids are decreased. This research aimed to study the fruit development and capsaicin content of hot pepper grown on various coastal soil sand to know whether or not different growth medium affects the size of each part of the fruit. The design of this research was a Completely Randomized Block Design (CRBD). In this research, five different salinity mediums were used, they were A. 15.20 dS/m, B. 5.70 dS/m, C.1.10 dS/m, and D. 2.85 dS/m obtained from Pandansimo and E. 3.25 dS/m obtained from Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, as comparation. Seedlings were transferred to the polybag after having four truly expanded leaves. Fruit development was observed every week, starting from the first day after flowering (DAF) to 35 DAF. Pericarpium and placenta thickness, fruit diameter, number, length, and width of the giant cell were recorded appropriately from the slides prepared using the paraffin method. Capsaicin content was determined at 14 and 35 DAF, performed with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The results show structural changes in the exocarpium; on the first day after flowering, there was only one layer of epidermis cells, but at 7 DAF, there was one layer of epidermis cells and one layer of collenchyma cells. Next, at 14 DAF, one layer of epidermis cells and two layers of collenchyma cells are observed. The structure of the mesocarpium, endocarpium, and placenta were not changed. The capsaicin content of the green fruit (14 DAF) was lower than the mature one (35 DAF) in all survival mediums. The highest capsaicin content at 14 and 35 DAF was obtained from a plant grown at medium C. Different growing mediums affected pericarpium and placenta thickness, number, length, and width of the giant cell fruit diameter.
Diversity, floral phenology, and socio-economic importance of melliferous plants in Eastern Ethiopia AMARE FASSIL; TSEGAW HABTAMU; MUHDIN TAHIR; TEMESGEN TEREFE
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 14 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n140207

Abstract

Abstract. Fassil A, Habtamu T, Tahir M, Terefe T. 2022. Diversity, floral phenology, and socio-economic importance of melliferous plants in Eastern Ethiopia. Nusantara Bioscience 14: 172-181. Beekeeping is a supply of extra money and financial gain for many thousands of farmer beekeepers in Ethiopia and plays a big role in preserving natural resources. Honeybees and flowering plants have co-evolved in their special symbiotic relationship. Bee plant types and their flowering duration differ from one place to another due to variations in topography, climate, and other cultural and farming practices. This study investigated and documented the diversity and floral phenology of honeybee plants in Doba, Gemechis, and Mi’eso Districts, Oromia National Regional State, Eastern Ethiopia, from January 2019 to July 2021. Ethnobotanical data were collected to reveal the diversity of melliferous plants, practices, and communities’ attitudes about honey production and melliferous plant conservation. A total of 422 respondents participated through semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and field walks for socio-economic data collection. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies, ranking, and scores were used and presented with tables and figures to analyze ethnobotanical data. A total of 120 melliferous plant species were distributed under 108 genera and 55 families, of which 70 plants were found in the Gemechis District, followed by Doba and Mi’eso Districts with 47 and 42 plants each, respectively. Sorenson’s Similarity Index values showed the wide-ranging melliferous plant species distribution patterns in the three districts with 50.4 (between Doba and Mi’eso), 37.5 (between Doba and Gemechis), and 15.3 (between Gemechis and Mi’eso) species overlaps. Fabaceae and Asteraceae contribute a significant number of species, with 12 (10 %) and 9 (7.5 %) melliferous plants, respectively. Local communities have a good awareness of the seasonal availability of melliferous plants, indicating adequate supply (June to early December) and critical shortage (November to early May) of melliferous plant resources favoring strong and weak colony strength, respectively. Lack of nutrition, improper management practices, honey bee predators, and lack of beekeeping knowledge and equipment were the most important constraints deleteriously influencing the honey quality and amount in the study area. The shortage of pollen and nectar flow during the dearth periods (January to March) needs interventions like hive migration and bee floral plantations. Hence, there is an urgent need for intervention through awareness creation, campaign-based melliferous plant plantations, and technology transfers.
The use of Indole Butyric Acid on the growth of dragon fruit plant stem cuttings SISWA PANJANG HERNOSA; SANGGAM DERA ROSA TAMPUBOLON; LUTHFI AZIZ MAHMUD SIREGAR
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 14 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n140212

Abstract

Abstract. Hernosa SP, Tampubolon SDR, Siregar LAM. 2022. The use of Indole Butyric Acid on the growth of dragon fruit plant stem cuttings. Nusantara Bioscience 14: 211-216. The difficulty of root growth of dragon fruit cuttings is affected by stem rot; one way to increase the growth of cuttings is to use a growth regulator, namely Indole Butyric Acid (IBA), which is used to stimulate the growth of dragon fruit rootstock cuttings. This research was conducted in Sidorukun Village, Pangkatan Sub-district, Labuhan Batu District, North Sumatra, Indonesia, at an altitude of ± 40 m above sea level, from June to October 2020. The research design used was a randomized block design with five treatments. The concentration of the IBA hormone consists of B0 : 0 ppm, B1: 4,500 ppm, B2: 5,500 ppm, B3: 6,500 ppm, B4: 7,500 ppm, and five replicates, so the entire experimental plot was 25. Parameters observed were percentage of shoot emergence, age of shoot emergence, shoot length (cm), shoot fresh weight (g), shoot dry weight (g), root length (cm), fresh root weight (g), root volume (g), and root dry weight (g). Data analysis used a linear model followed by Duncan's test. It is known that the administration of Indole butyric acid (IBA) significantly affected the observed parameters on shoot emergence, age of shoot emergence, number of shoots, root length, fresh root weight, root volume, and root dry weight. However, it did not affect the observed parameters, namely, shoot length, shoot fresh weight and shoot dry weight. On the other hand, B4 concentration (7,500 ppm) gave better shoot growth, root weight, and root dry weight.
Suitability of selected legume (Vachellia spp.) tree species for forest restoration in the Central Ethiopian highlands FISSEHA ASMELASH; EMEBET GETACHEW
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 14 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n140210

Abstract

Abstract. Asmelash F, Getachew E. 2022. Suitability of selected legume (Vachellia spp.) tree species for forest restoration in the Central Ethiopian highlands. Nusantara Bioscience 14: 195-202. This study aimed to evaluate the comparative suitability of the legume tree species viz., Vachellia abyssinica (Hochst. ex. Benth.) Kyal. & Boatwr., Vachellia etbaica (Schweinf.) Kyal. & Boatwr., Vachellia lahai (Steud. & Hochst. ex Benth.) Kyal. & Boatwr., and Vachellia seyal (Delile) P.J.H.Hurter for restoring forests in Central Ethiopian highlands. The suitability of three accessions of V. seyal was also compared. The correlation between root nodule number and root Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) colonization (RC) and seedlings’ growth variables were computed, and the effect of seedling age on nodule number and RC was determined. Seedlings were grown for nine months on degraded local soil in a mesh house in central Ethiopia. We measured shoot height, shoot fresh weight, rooting depth, root nodule number, and RC in the third and ninth months. The one-way ANOVA results indicated that tree species and/or accession (for V. seyal) had a significant (p<0.05) effect on all the measured variables except shoot height and rooting depth at the ninth month. Generally, nodule number and RC increased with seedling age. However, according to the independent t-test results, significant (p<0.05) differences were recorded for V. abyssinica, with a 57.16% reduction in nodule number, and V. seyal accession-1, with a 418.52% increase in RC. The Spearman’s rank correlation results indicated that the correlation between nodule number and RC was weak and non-significant (p>0.05) both in the third and ninth months. Based on the measured growth variables, nodule number (N-fixation potential), and RC, V. etbaica was the least suitable species for forest restoration in central Ethiopian highlands. The remaining species/accessions are comparably suitable. The V. abyssinica lost its comparative fitness with seedling age, maybe because it is a provenance far away from central Ethiopia. However, V. seyal accession-3, the furthest provenance, has performed much better. The legume trees of Ethiopia are less studied. Their role as environmental engineers could be better understood by knowing more about their root traits. Therefore, this study could motivate future research in this regard. Long-term experiments are required to consider more legume tree species and provenances in the future.
Detection of Vibrio sp. on vaname shrimp (Litopanaeus vannamei) cultivation pond in Gorontalo, Indonesia PENI ULFIANI; ANI M. HASAN; YULIANA RETNOWATI
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 14 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n140216

Abstract

Abstract. Ulfiani P, Hasan AM, Retnowati Y. 2022. Detection of Vibrio sp. on vaname shrimp (Litopanaeus vannamei) cultivation pond in Gorontalo, Indonesia. Nusantara Bioscience 14: 340-346. Vibrio is a pathogenic bacteria that can attack cultured shrimp. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the intensity of water changes and efforts to control water quality to maintain dissolved oxygen levels and manage organic matter content in ponds to prevent the increase of pathogenic bacteria, especially Vibrio. In addition, water physicochemical factors can influence the presence and population of Vibrio bacteria in ponds. This study aims to determine the presence of Vibrio sp. in vaname shrimp culture ponds in Gorontalo, Indonesia. Descriptive quantitative analysis was used to analyze the data collected from this study. Shrimp pond water samples were obtained from shrimp ponds in Molosipat Village, West Popayato Sub-district, Pohuwato District, Gorontalo, Indonesia, using a purposive sampling technique with an interval of three days from the first water change to the last before the water change in one period (approximately 10 days). The water samples were subjected to physicochemical analysis, including temperature, pH, salinity, ammonia, nitrate, and dissolved oxygen. The results showed that there were Vibrio bacteria in the Thiosulfate Citrate BileSalt Sucrose Agar (TCBSA) medium with a population that tends to increase in the range of 1.0 × 103 - 2.7 × 104 CFU/mL. The isolation results showed that two isolates were named ISL1 and ISL2, with the colony morphology characters of ISL1 isolates being green and ISL2 isolates being yellow. The results of microscopic observations of the two isolates showed comma-shaped and gram-negative cells. Molecular identification using the 16S rRNA gene and reconstruction of the phylogenetic tree using the Neighbor-Joining algorithm showed that ISL1 isolate is very closely related to Vibrio parahaemolyticus strain 11-1 (relationship level 99%) and ISL2 is closely related to V. parahaemolyticus strain B2-1 (relationship level 86%).
Effect of dolomite and pig manure on growth and production of carrots (Daucus carota) NOVITA DEWI SAMBI; YUSUF LIMBONGAN; ADEWIDAR M. PATA’DUNGAN
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 15 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n150103

Abstract

Abstract. Sambi ND, Limbongan Y, Pata’dungan AM. 2023. Effect of dolomite and pig manure on growth and production of carrots (Daucus carota). Nusantara Bioscience 14: 22-29. This study aims to see how dolomite and pig manure affect carrot (Daucus carota L.) plant development and taproot production. The research was conducted from May to August 2021 in the Padangiring Village, Rantetayo Sub-district, Tana Toraja District, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Three levels of dolomite in combination with four levels of pig manure were used: control (no treatment), and dolomite at 3 tons/ha, 6 tons/ha, and pig manure at control (no treatment), and 20 tons/ha, 30 tons/ha, and 40 tons/ha. The optimal dolomite level of 3 tons/ha significantly influenced plant height, the number of leaves, taproot length, and taproot diameter but had no significant effect on individual taproot weight, plot taproot weight, or taproot weight per hectare. The optimal pig manure dose of 4 kg/plot (40 tons/ha) showed a substantial influence on all investigated variables. The interaction between dolomite and pig manure substantially influenced taproot length but had no effect on the other observable variables. The optimum treatment combination was 3 tons/ha of dolomite with 40 tons/ha of pig manure, yielding 38.67 tons/ha of carrot taproots. Thus, commercial carrot growth and production may be boosted by a combination of dolomite and pig manure.
Development of semi-artificial feed in the larva stage of the black soldier fly Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) AURORA DYAS ANASYA; SUGIYARTO SUGIYARTO; EDWI MAHAJOENO
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 14 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n140209

Abstract

Abstract. Anasya AD, Sugiarto, Mahajoeno E. 2022. Development of semi-artificial feed in the larva stage of the black soldier fly Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Nusantara Bioscience 14: 188-194. Alternative food sources in fish farming besides pelleted feed are generally used, but many have also used biotic materials, larvae of the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L.). Maggot stadia larvae have a high protein content of more than 19%, could be mass-produced, are low-priced, and has a fast growth time. Therefore, high levels of protein and nutrients in maggots can be increased through suitable semi-artificial formulations. The purpose of this study was to determine the nutritional value of the semi-artificial feed recipe given and to determine the effectiveness of the semi-artificial feed recipe in increasing the nutritional value and survival of larvae. Data analysis used qualitative analysis with descriptive analysis method and quantitative analysis by determining the amount of increased nutritional value of H. illucens. The research method was carried out in several stages, including (i) insect rearing obtained 2nd generation of tillers (F2); (ii) manufacture of semi-artificial feed recipes; (iii) calculation of insect survival; (iv) measurement of larval mass weight after treatment; (v) testing of nutritional content value includes water content, fat content and protein content of H. illucens after treatment. Results of the evaluation larval survival after treatment were effective enough 100%, larval instar life phase was between 28-32 days, while the highest increase in the nutritional value of larvae water content was 45.90%, fat content 7.25%, and protein content 45.95%, the average increase in mass weight of larvae was 12.50%.
Diversity and role of woody non-timber forest products in Doba District, Eastern Ethiopia AMARE FASSIL ABEBAW; PATRICK VAN DAMME
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 15 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n150105

Abstract

Abstract. Abebaw AF, Damme PV. 2023. Diversity and role of woody non-timber forest products in Doba District, Eastern Ethiopia. Nusantara Bioscience 15: 38-47. Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFP) play a pivotal role as local sources of medicine, household paraphernalia, and fodder and offer income opportunities that can mitigate poverty. This study was conducted in Doba District, West Hararghe Zone, Eastern Ethiopia, to analyze the diversity and economic contribution of non-timber forest products. Both ethnobotanical and vegetation data were cross-sectionally collected from February 2020 up to June 2021. A total of 422 informants selected randomly from forest inhabitants were interviewed using semi-structured questionnaires to explore NTFP utilization and their economic contributions. Vegetation data were collected from 56 sample plots of each 20m x 20m (400m2) along transects lines. Vegetation data collected were analyzed for the relative density of species, Shannon-Wiener index, species evenness, and relative frequency. From the household survey, 58 plant species categorized in 55 genera and 35 families were identified as NTFP-bearing species. Analysis of the socio-economic data shows that NTFP collection is a day-to-day activity of the local communities. These communities use NTFPs in different types of use categories, namely medicinal plants (32, 55.17%), melliferous species (20, 34.48%), wild food and condiment species (22, 37.93%), farm implements (7, 12.06%), wood and flavoring (6, 10.34%), source of energy (20, 35.71%), and household utensils and construction materials (30, 51.72%). The market survey analysis showed that NTFPs account for about 15.77% of the annual household income. The vegetation survey showed that Ades Forest has a good status with an average density of 1,450 plants ha-1, high Shannon-Wiener index (H =3.299), and species evenness (E = 0.81). Ades Forest harbors a diverse number of NTFP-bearing species used for several categories. The study reveals the real experiences of the local communities in utilizing NTFPs for their livelihood. Forest dependency rates tend to be higher among poor households. However, further study on production potential and market chain analysis should be done together with awareness creation activities to get a sustainable product for the community and conserve the forest resource.
Molecular identification of yeasts from Turkish traditional cheeses: Extracellular enzyme activities and physiological properties important for dairy industry MELİH GÜNAY; TÜLAY TURGUR GENÇ
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 15 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n150101

Abstract

Abstract. Gunay M, Genc TT. 2023. Molecular identification of yeasts from Turkish traditional cheeses: Extracellular enzyme activities and physiological properties important for dairy industry. Nusantara Bioscience 15: 1-11. The determination of yeast microbiota in cheeses and the physiological properties of yeasts are very important for the dairy industry. In addition, the physiological features, proteolytic and lipolytic activities, and stress tolerance of yeasts have a significant role in the selection of starter yeast species for cheese ripening. This study aimed to determine industrially important yeasts isolated from cheese samples. Molecular techniques identified the isolated yeast strains. The yeast strains’ extracellular enzyme activities, fermentation capacities, and thermotolerance and osmotolerance properties were also evaluated. A total of 81 yeast strains were isolated and characterized from three types of cheese samples. PCR-RFLP determined the isolated yeast strains and sequence analysis of ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 and 26S rDNA regions. A maximum parsimony tree was constructed by MEGA X software to evaluate the phylogenetic relationship of identified yeast strains. Candida intermedia, Candida parapsilosis, Clavispora lusitaniae, Debaryomyces hansenii, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Pichia kudriavzevii, and Wickerhamomyces anomalus yeast species were identified on cheese samples. The distribution of identified yeast species on cheese samples was determined as 48.1% for W. anomalus, 17.3% for K. marxianus, 14.8% for C. parapsilosis, 8.6% for D. hansenii, 4.9% for Cl. lusitaniae, 3.7% for C. intermedia and 2.5% for P. kudriavzevii. The W. anomalus yeast species was common in three cheese types. All strains of W. anomalus and P. kudriavzevii yeast species, three C. parapsilosis, and two Cl. lusitaniae yeast strains have important physiological properties for industrial applications. These yeast strains have the potential to be used in combination as starter cultures to improve cheese maturation in the future. This comprehensive study identifies yeast species by ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 and 26S rDNA regions and determines industrially important yeast species using multiple criteria (extracellular enzyme activity, stress tolerance, and fermentation capacity).

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