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Nusantara Bioscience
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 20873948     EISSN : 20873956     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/nusbiosci
Core Subject : Education,
Other
Aims and Scope Nusantara Bioscience (Nusantara Biosci) encourages submission of manuscripts dealing with all aspects of biological sciences that emphasize issues germane to biological and nature conservation.
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 545 Documents
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Short Communication: Antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of Chlorella sorokiniana cultured in tofu wastewater HAMZA MURSANDI; DEVY SUSANTY; LANY NURHAYATI; ADE AYU OKSARI
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 14 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n140204

Abstract

Abstract. Mursandi H, Susanty D, Nurhayati L, Okasari AA. 2022. Short Communication: Antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of Chlorella sorokiniana cultured in tofu wastewater. Nusantara Bioscience 14: 155-159. Microalgae are microorganisms that grow quickly and produce secondary metabolites with antioxidant activity. Antioxidants of microalgae can be utilized in various aspects such as cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, supplements, and feed. Microalgae utilization will be more profitable if the microalgae can be cultured on waste media. This study aims to determine the concentration of a suitable medium for the growth of Chlorella sorokiniana Shihira & R.W.Krauss, total flavonoids, total phenolics, and the potential of ethanolic extract of C. sorokiniana as an antioxidant. This study cultured the microalgae C. sorokiniana on tofu liquid waste media at various concentrations (15, 20, 25, and 30%). The growth of C. sorokiniana on the media was observed using a spectrophotometer at 680 nm wavelength. C. sorokiniana biomass was collected on the 7th day. The biomass was extracted using ethanol as a solvent. Phytochemical analysis was performed using the standard method, Total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) were conducted to determine the IC50 value. The results showed that the best growth of C. sorokiniana was on TLW media at a concentration of 30%. The ethanolic extract of C. sorokiniana showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, tannins, and saponins. The total phenolic content in the ethanolic extract of C. sorokiniana was 18.39 ± 0.29 mgGAE/g, and the total flavonoid content was 31.93 ± 5,60 mgQE/g. The IC50 of the ethanolic extract of C. sorokiniana was 288.95 mg/L, which shows this extract has a potent antioxidant.
Ethnobotanical study on medicinal plants used by ethnic people of Gechi District, South West Oromia, Ethiopia AMARE DESALEGN; MESERET C. EGIGU; JAGATHALA MAHALINGAM SASIKUMAR
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 14 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n140113

Abstract

Abstract. Desalegn A, Egigu MC, Sasikumar JM. 2022. Ethnobotanical study on medicinal plants used by ethnic people of Gechi District, South West Oromia, Ethiopia. Nusantara Bioscience 14: 104-116. This study recorded medicinal plants used by ethnic people of Gechi District, Buno Bedele zone of South West Oromia region, Ethiopia. Data were collected from 386 informants through semi-structured interviews, guided field observations, and focus group discussions. Descriptive statistics and quantitative ethnobotanical indices were used to analyze the data. Moreover, an independent t-test and one-way ANOVA were employed to investigate the effect of Sociodemographic traits on traditional medicinal knowledge. The study documented 70 medicinal plant species belonging to 61 genera and 36 families. Most plants (83.7%) were used to treat human ailments. Asteraceae (7 species) mainly represented the family. Most of the plants collected were shrubs (32.9 %), followed by herbs (25.7%). Leaves (42.3%) represented the highest part for remedy preparation. The dominant route of administration of remedies was oral (56%). Jaccard's similarity index (JI) showed a high degree of similarities (JI = 0.75-0.91) among three kebeles namely, Imboro, Koba, and Dike. The highest Informant consensus factor (ICF) value (0.73) was detected for the sensory organs category illnesses. Juniperus procera Hochst. Ex. Endl. was observed with the highest fidelity level (FL) index value (0.97) for the wound. The highest preference ranking (PR) was adjudged to be Ruta chalepensis L. for stomach ache. Syzygium guineense (Willd.) DC. was top-ranked as a multipurpose plant in direct matrix ranking (DR). It was observed that the Traditional Knowledge (TK) of medicinal plants was significantly (P<0.05) influenced by the gender, age, and educational level of the people. Therefore, our documentation of TK on medicinal plants possessed by the people of the studied area could help preserve their knowledge for extensive use.
Association of thyroid disorders with diabetes: A cross-sectional study MUBASHIR ZAFAR; SYED MONWAR ALAM SHAHID; REEM FALAH ALSHAMMARI; MOHD ADNAN KAUSAR; TARIG A. N. GINAWI; ABDUL WAHAB HATIM; ABDUL MAJEED WADI; HAMAD ALI; ABDUL AZIZ HAMED; MOATH SALEH AL-ZAHRANI; ALI HUSSAIN; ABDULAZIZ SAUD ALDUHAIM; ABDULMAJEED MOHAMMED
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 14 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n140201

Abstract

Abstract. Zafar M, Shahid SMA, Alshammari RF, Kausar MA, Ginawi TAN, Hatim AW, Wadi AM, Ali H, Hamed AA, Al-Zahrani MS, Hussain A, Alduhaim AS, Mohammed A. 2022. Association of thyroid disorders with diabetes: A cross-sectional study. Nusantara Bioscience 14: 135-140. Two common endocrine disorders that correlate with each other are diabetes mellitus (DM) and thyroid dysfunction (TD). Undiagnosed thyroid disorders (TD) have a high risk for diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. A common complication among these patients is cardiovascular disease. This study aims to assess the association of TD among diabetes patients. It is a cross-sectional study, and 338 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were observed through a simple random sampling method from a public sector hospital. The diabetes status of patients was confirmed through clinical and laboratory investigation. Those patients who were under treatment of thyroid were excluded from the study. The chi-square test was used for analysis, and a p-value <0.05 was considered significant. The frequency of TD among diabetic patients was 47.6%. The main type of TD was subclinical hypothyroidism, and its prevalence is 43.8% and 23.5% among patients with T1DM and T2DM, respectively. Subclinical hyperthyroidism prevalences are 12.3% and 24.4% among TIDM and T2DM patients, respectively. The study found a high-frequency rate of TD among DM patients. Therefore, there is a need for regular screening of DM patients for TD and increased awareness regarding TD among DM patients.
Effect of foliar zinc application on growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa) in the Indo-Gangetic Plains of India RAHUL SAIKH; KANU MURMU; ARUP SARKAR; RAMYAJIT MONDAL; KALYAN JANA
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 14 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n140208

Abstract

Abstract. Saikh R, Murmu K, Sarkar A, Mondal R, Jana K. 2022. Effect of foliar zinc application on growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa) in the Indo-Gangetic Plains of India. Nusantara Bioscience 14: 182-187. A field experiment was conducted on rice cv. Satabdi (IET-4768) to investigate the effect of foliar zinc application at different stages during the post-Kharif season of 2019. The field experiment was carried out at 'C' block farm of (B.C.K.V), Kalyani, India, with eight different foliar 0.5% 0.5% ZnSO4 (ZnSO4) are T1: Control (without foliar application), T2: Foliar application of 0.5% ZnSO4 at Panicle Initiation, T3: Foliar application of 0.5% ZnSO4 at Booting, T4: Foliar application of 0.5% ZnSO4 at Panicle Initiation and 1 week after flowering, T5: Foliar application of 0.5% ZnSO4 at Panicle at 1 week after Flowering, T6: Foliar application of 0.5% ZnSO4 at Panicle at 2 weeks after flowering, T7: Foliar application of 0.5% ZnSO4 at Panicle at 1 week and 2 weeks after flowering and T8: Foliar application of 0.5% ZnSO4 at Panicle Initiation, Booting, 1 week and 2 weeks after flowering respectively in randomized complete block design with three replication. The result of the experiment revealed that rice plants treated with the combination of T4i.e. Foliar application of 0.5% ZnSO4 at Panicle Initiation and 1 week after flowering have resulted in the highest grain yield of 5.09 t/ha, which was 50.59% higher (3.38 t/ha) than the T1i.e. the control. Furthermore, residual nutrient status was also highest in the plot treated with T4i.e. Foliar application of 0.5% ZnSO4 at Panicle Initiation and 1 week after flowering.
The addition of vermicompost and biostarter affects the growth, total phenolic and antioxidant activity of Echinacea purpurea LUTFIA FAJAR CHOIRUNNISA; YULI WIDIYASTUTI; SOLICHATUN SOLICHATUN; AHMAD YUNUS
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 14 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n140203

Abstract

Abstract. Choirunnisa LF, Widiayastuti Y, Solichatun, Yunus A. 2022. The addition of vermicompost and biostarter affects the growth, total phenolic and antioxidant activity of Echinacea purpurea. Nusantara Bioscience 14: 148-154. Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench or purple coneflower is a medical plant that originated in North America and contained various bioactive compounds, one of which is phenolic. Applying organic fertilizer like vermicompost has been reported to increase plants' bioactive compounds' components and antioxidant activity. The purpose of this study was to determine the addition of vermicompost and biostarter on the growth, total phenolic and antioxidant activity of E. purpurea. Split-Plot Randomized Complete Block Design was used with dosages of vermicompost 0, 40, 60, and 80 g/plant and different types of biostarter from Banana peel waste and effective microorganisms (EM). The results showed that treatment of 80 g/plant vermicomposts and EM highest resulted in the growth rate parameters (plant high, leaf numbers, leaf area, roots volume, plant fresh and dry weight) and total phenolic content with 1.802%. On the other hand, the herb extracts had the highest result with the treatment of 40 g/plant vermicomposts and EM (4.96%). The antioxidant activity was tested using the DPPH method with TLC and showed that all treatments indicated positive antioxidant activity.
Acute toxicity, biochemical and histological of fenitrothion and thiobencarb on fish Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Mohamed Riad Fouad; Ahmed Farahat El-Aswad; Maher Ibrahim Aly
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 14 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n140213

Abstract

Abstract. Fouad MR, El-Aswad AF, Aly MI. 2022. Acute toxicity, biochemical and histological of fenitrothion and thiobencarb on fish Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Nusantara Bioscience 14: 217-226. The results show that the tested fenitrothion and thiobencarb are highly toxic to fish. However, fenitrothion is more toxic (1.6 times) on Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) than thiobencarb. The determined 96-h LC50 values using a static bioassay system to Nile tilapia fingerlings (8-10 g) were 0.20 and 0.32 mg L-1 for fenitrothion and thiobencarb, respectively. The mortality rate of fish exposed to ½ 96-h LC50 of fenitrothion (0.10 mg/L) and thiobencarb (0.16 mg/L) for four days demonstrated was 20% mortality rate. Fish showed tremors, lethargy, decreased movement, and increased respiratory rhythm. The total activity of AChE in control was 5.61 ±0.03; it was significantly reduced to 4.92 ±0.03 in fenitrothion treatment and 1.13 ±0.02 in thiobencarb treatment. Fenitrothion decreased the specific activity from 0.83 ±0.01 for the control to 0.68 ±0.01, whereas thiobencarb reduced the specific activity to 0.22 ±0.01. Generally, thiobencarb inhibited AChE activity much more than fenitrothion; it produced 80% inhibition, while fenitrothion produced 12.5% inhibition. It showed a significant increase in liver GST and SOD activity of Nile tilapia exposed to the tested pesticides compared to the control. There were no histological alterations in the tissues of the control individuals. It was found that the herbicide thiobencarb affected the gills, kidneys, and liver of Nile tilapia more than the insecticide fenitrothion.
Effect of storage temperature and packing materials on seed germination and seed storage behavior of Schefflera abyssinica TURA BAREKE; ADMASSU ADDI; KASIM ROBA; TOLERA KUMSA
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 14 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n140202

Abstract

Abstract. Bareke T, Addi A, Roba K, Kumsa T. 2022. Effect of storage temperature and packing materials on seed germination and seed storage behavior of Schefflera abyssinica. Nusantara Bioscience 14: 141-147. Knowledge of seed storage behavior is crucial for developing appropriate ex-situ conservation strategies. The main objective of this study was to determine the seed storage behavior of Schefflera abyssinica (Hochst. ex A. Rich.). A factorial combination of three temperatures (-10, 0, and 22°C) levels, two types of packing containers (polythene bag and aluminum bag), and eight periods of storage (0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 days, and for a year) level was used to determine the germination capacity and storage behavior of the seeds. Accordingly, seed storage temperatures and storage period (up to 1 year) have a significant effect on the germination (p<0.01) of S. abyssinica. The highest average germination percentage of S. abyssinica seeds was obtained after 2 months of storage under all conditions. The seed storage period influences the germination of S. abyssinica by 47.8%. The germination percentages of S. abyssinica seeds have shown significant differences in storage temperatures. Seeds stored at -10°C showed the highest germination percentage in all storage periods compared to the two storage temperatures. Generally, the highest germination capacity of S. abyssinica seeds was between 7% and 9% moisture content after 60 and 90 days of storage. Packing materials have no significant difference in the survival of seeds. No stored seeds germinated after one year of storage at room temperature, 0°C, and -10°C. Based on the definition of seed storage behavior, we conclude that seeds of S. abyssinica have intermediate storage.
Somatic embryogenesis of the selected intergeneric hybrid between Phalaenopsis 2166 and Vanda ‘Saint Valentine’: Application of NAA and TDZ Murni Dwiati; AGUS HERY SUSANTO; Iman Budisantoso
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 14 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n140205

Abstract

Abstract. Dwiati M, Susanto AH, Budisantoso I. 2022. Somatic embryogenesis of the selected intergeneric hybrid between Phalaenopsis 2166 and Vanda' Saint Valentine': Application of NAA and TDZ. Nusantara Bioscience 14: 160-165. Intergeneric hybridization between Phalaenopsis 2166 and Vanda' Saint Valentine' has produced a hybrid seedling with several characters potentially developing into plant individuals with flowers of better performance. Therefore, identical clones of the selected hybrid should be developed into PLBs using an in-vitro culture technique employing somatic embryogenesis supported by the application of plant growth regulators. This study aims to unveil the effect of NAA and TDZ in stimulating the formation of identical clones of the selected intergeneric hybrid between Phalaenopsis 2166 and Vanda' Saint Valentine'. The experiment was arranged in a factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) involving two factors, i.e., types of plant growth regulators and the levels of concentrations of each substance. It was found that the combination of NAA and TDZ significantly affected the growth of the identical clones. Furthermore, the combination of NAA 0.5 mgL-1 and TDZ 1.5 mgL-1 resulted in clones that potentially differentiate into PLBs. This finding indicates that NAA and TDZ should be applied appropriately to stimulate somatic embryogenesis in the intergeneric hybrid.
Effectiveness of gel formulation of mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) bark extract and its potential as an anti-inflammatory in white male rats (Rattus norvegicus) SHAFA GEULISTIA NURANI; NAFASYA NEGIY DELUNA; PUTRI NABILA; SYAMSUL FALAH
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 14 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n140114

Abstract

Abstract. Nurani SG, Deluna NN, Nabila P, Falah S. 2022. Effectiveness of gel formulation of mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) bark extract and its potential as an anti-inflammatory in white male rats (Rattus norvegicus). Nusantara Bioscience 14: 117-121. Mahogany bark contains phytochemical compounds that have anti-inflammatory activity. This study aims to determine the anti-inflammatory activity of mahogany-bark extract gel formulation in-vivo. Gel formulations of 96% ethanol extract of mahogany bark at different concentrations were tested for anti-inflammatory activity on the paws of rats induced by 1% carrageenan. The data observed were the thickness of the foot edema of rats. Positive control was anti-inflammatory drugs (Desoximetasone), and negative control was the gel formulation without extract. Data on the thickness of rat paw edema were analyzed using the ANOVA test. The results of the anti-inflammatory test showed that gel formulation 2 with an extract concentration of 10% had a thickness reduction value of 41.83%, which was not significantly different from the positive control treatment of 44.38%. The results of the dispersion test showed that formulation 2 and formulation 3 had good dispersibility, as suggested in SNI, and all gel formulations had good adhesion. Based on these results, it was concluded that formulation 2 was the most effective in reducing rat paw edema.
Evaluation of the effect of nicosulfuron at different times of application on the chemical component of maize (Zea mays) Tari Tizhe; SAMSON O. ALONGE; DORA N. IORTSUUN; DAVID I. ADEKPE; KUCHELI BATTA
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 14 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n140115

Abstract

Abstract. Tizhe TD, Alonge SO, Iortsuun DN, Adekpe DI, Batta K. 2022. Evaluation of the effect of nicosulfuron at different times of application on the chemical component of maize (Zea mays). Nusantara Bioscience 14: 122-127. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of nicosulfuron at different concentrations and times of application on the chemical compositions of maize (Zea mays L.) grain. A field experiment was conducted during the 2019 and 2020 cropping seasons. Furthermore, using a split-plot design, maize seed was planted; and four different concentrations of nicosulfuron (50, 100, 150, and 200 g/ha) were applied at 3, 5, and 7 Weeks After Sowing (WAS). The maize grain was analyzed using standard procedures for its proximate amino acids and mineral contents. The results showed that the different concentrations of nicosulfuron and its time of application significantly affected the proximate compositions except for the ash content. The 5 WAS application time had the significantly highest protein, crude fiber, and moisture content with 11.35, 2.60, and 12.01%, respectively, and the lowest carbohydrate (70.58%) and crude fat (2.33%). The nicosulfuron was observed to significantly affect all the amino acids and mineral (except on N) contents of the maize grain with 100 g/ha. This study recorded the significantly highest content of almost all the amino acids with 100 g/ha, and 50 g/ha was the lowest. The 5 WAS virtually had the highest amino acids, while the 3 WAS the lowest. Therefore, nicosulfuron and time of application both have a significant effect on the proximate amino acids and Mg and Ca components of maize grain. That means that using nicosulfuron at concentrations precisely above 100 g/ha and at a time other than 5 WAS negatively affects the chemical components of maize grain.

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