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Nusantara Bioscience
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 20873948     EISSN : 20873956     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/nusbiosci
Core Subject : Education,
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Aims and Scope Nusantara Bioscience (Nusantara Biosci) encourages submission of manuscripts dealing with all aspects of biological sciences that emphasize issues germane to biological and nature conservation.
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 545 Documents
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Melatonin partly reverses differentiation and apoptosis resistance caused by chemical hypoxia XIAO  LIU; HUI LIU; YINLIANG QI; SUMEI ZHANG; YINGCAI MA
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 17 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n170117

Abstract

Abstract. Liu X, Liu H, Qi Y, Zhang S, Ma Y. 2025. Melatonin partly reverses differentiation and apoptosis resistance caused by chemical hypoxia. Nusantara Bioscience 17: 178-184. Hypoxia, a condition characterized by a deficiency of oxygen reaching tissues, is a key feature of malignant solid tumors. Tumor cells under a hypoxic microenvironment exhibit more malignant phenotypes to adapt to the hypoxic environment for survival by regulating gene expression involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, invasion, migration, angiogenesis, and also chemoresistance. Melatonin is a hormone that has been proven to induce apoptosis and differentiation in various types of malignant cells. The present study aims to investigate the role and potential molecular mechanism of melatonin in mediating chemical hypoxia-induced differentiation and apoptosis resistance. Cobalt chloride (CoCl2) was used to generate an in vitro hypoxia culture model, as verified by the increased expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1?. The cells treated with melatonin and CoCl2 were collected to determine differentiation and apoptosis levels through LDH (Lactate Dehydrogenase) activity measurement and Hoechst staining. GRP78, p53, and endocan levels were detected using Western blot and ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay) to elucidate the potential molecular mechanisms by which melatonin induces differentiation and resistance to apoptosis in response to chemical hypoxia. The significant elevation of a hypoxia marker protein successfully demonstrated (CoCl2-induced hypoxia). The chemical hypoxia environment resulted in a less differentiated phenotype and a lower apoptotic ratio in gastric cancer cells. Melatonin converted the differentiation and apoptosis resistance phenotypes in CoCl2-treated gastric cancer cells. Changes in the expression of endocan, LDH, p53, and GRP78 were observed. Melatonin-regulated differentiation and apoptosis-related genes partly reverse differentiation and apoptosis resistance caused by chemical hypoxia induced by CoCl2. The study provides a new perspective on the anti-tumor effect of melatonin.
Maximizing Pleurotus ostreatus yield with sustainable agricultural waste substrates in Arakan, Cotabato, Philippines MAYBELYN LUPAS PEDROSO; ANNIE LEE CAYABAS ALAGOS; FRANCISCO JR. OLERMO ESGRINA; JOEFREY FEROLIN HABIBUN; JOSIE NACIONALES MAUN; RICHIE MAE MONDIDO RODRIGUEZ
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 17 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n170107

Abstract

Abstract. Pedroso ML, Alagos ALC, Esgrina FJO, Habibun JF, Maun JN, Rodriguez RMM. 2025. Maximizing Pleurotus ostreatus yield with sustainable agricultural waste substrates in Arakan, Cotabato, Philippines. Nusantara Bioscience 17: 57-67. Mushroom production supports a circular economy by transforming agricultural waste into valuable food resources while enhancing local agricultural economies. This study evaluates the potential of locally available agricultural waste substrates-chopped rice straw, aged rice hull, rough sawdust, and fine sawdust-for optimizing the production of oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P.Kumm. in Arakan, Cotabato, Philippines. The effects of these substrates on key growth parameters, including mycelial growth, fruiting time, yield, and economic returns, were assessed. A Completely Randomized Design with five replicates per treatment was employed, using a substrate mixture of 89% agricultural waste, 10% molasses, and 1% lime. Statistical analysis revealed that fine sawdust facilitated faster mycelial growth and reduced fruiting time, whereas rough sawdust produced higher yields and larger mushrooms. Economic analysis indicated that rough sawdust yielded the highest return on investment at 190.21%, making it the most cost-effective substrate. These findings demonstrate the potential of agricultural waste as a sustainable substrate for oyster mushroom cultivation, promoting environmental sustainability and profitability for small-scale farmers. The study emphasizes the critical role of substrate selection in optimizing mushroom yield and provides practical insights for commercial mushroom production.
Physicochemical properties and antibacterial activity of essential oil fractions obtained from fresh Litsea angulata leaves AGMI SINTA PUTRI; MUHAMMAD NUR; IRAWAN WIJAYA KUSUMA; SAAT EGRA; HARLINDA KUSPRADINI
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 17 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n170110

Abstract

Abstract. Putri AS, Nur M, Kusuma IW, Egra S, Kuspradini H. 2025. Physicochemical properties and antibacterial activity of essential oil fractions obtained from fresh Litsea angulata leaves. Nusantara Bioscience 17: 96-102. Litsea angulata (Lauraceae) is widely grown in Kalimantan Island and is traditionally used as a medicinal plant. This work aimed to analyze the characteristics of the physicochemical from L. angulata oil fractions and the potency of its antibacterial activity. Litsea angulata fresh leaves were distilled, and their oil fractions were obtained by simple fractional distillation using water and steam distillation methods. The fraction of essential oil is based on the different distillation times. In this experiment, the following distillation periods were tested: 0-60 min, 60-120 min, and 120-180 min. The yield and color determined the physicochemical properties, while the chemical properties, as their compositions, were analyzed by GC-MS. The agar diffusion method was employed to assess antibacterial activity. Two kinds of synthetic standards, including chlorhexidine and chloramphenicol, were used to compare their antibacterial properties. Streptococcus sobrinus, Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus aureus were the microorganisms used in this investigation. The results showed fractions yield (range 0.09-1.66%) reached a maximum in 0-60 min, and color clearness. All oil fractions have various colors and chemical components according to their treatments. The diameter inhibition against selected bacteria (range 10.22-15.11 mm) was highest at fraction 0-60 min. This essential oil is potentially developed in the pharmaceutical industry as a natural alternative product.
Fatty acid profile of Chlorella sorokiniana InaCC M38 grown in tofu wastewater for biofuel potential DEVY SUSANTY; LUSI NURUL SAFITRI; RICSON PEMIMPIN HUTAGAOL; ADE AYU OKSARI; NURLELA NURLELA
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 17 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n170205

Abstract

Abstract. Susanty D, Safitri LN, Hutagaol RP, Oksari AA, Nurlela. 2025. Fatty acid profile of Chlorella sorokiniana InaCC M38 grown in tofu wastewater for biofuel potential. Nusantara Bioscience 17: 226-234. Chlorella sorokiniana Shihira & Krauss, 1965 is a microalgae that can grow in tofu liquid waste medium by utilizing the nutrients in the waste in the form of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). This research aims to determine the lipid content and fatty acid compounds contained in C. sorokiniana cultured in 25, 30, and 35% Tofu Liquid Waste (TLW) medium using two extraction methods. In this study, the growth of C. sorokiniana on TLW medium was determined by calculating the cell density of C. sorokiniana using a hemocytometer, and the biomass was collected by centrifuging. Chlorella sorokiniana was cultivated for seven days. Lipid extraction was performed using maceration and a combined ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE)–maceration method. Biomass and lipid yields, as well as fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) profiles, were analyzed using GC–MS. Chlorella sorokiniana grows well on 30% TLW medium with a dry biomass weight of 0.45 g/L on day 7; extraction using the combined method extracted more fatty acid compounds than the maceration method. Lipid yield using the extraction by combined extraction method had more excellent results (4.61%) than the maceration method (3.82%). The fatty acid composition of C. sorokiniana extracted by combination extraction consists of 11 types of Saturated Fatty Acids (SFA), two types of Monounsaturated Fatty Acids (MUFA), and two types of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFA). The Saturated fatty acid most commonly contained in C. sorokiniana was palmitic acid, which could be applied as biodiesel. Chlorella sorokiniana cultured in 30% TLW has a higher percentage of SFA (56.58%) with less PUFA, making it more potential for biodiesel.
Stand structure, diversity, and carbon stock assessment of Lake Duluti Forest Reserve in Tanzania UPENDO SHWAIBU MFINANGA; EZEKIEL EDWARD MWAKALUKWA
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 17 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n170201

Abstract

Abstract. Mfinanga US, Mwakalukwa EE. 2025. Stand structure, diversity, and carbon stock assessment of Lake Duluti Forest Reserve in Tanzania. Nusantara Bioscience 17: 185-193. For a successful conservation of biodiversity in a particular forest, assessment of its status and underlying threats is important. Estimation of carbon stocks locked up in the forest is also key in designing the required climate change mitigation options. However, there is limited information on the biodiversity status and carbon storage potential of many forest reserves in Tanzania. This study assessed the tree and shrub species diversity, composition, stand structure, and carbon stock potential of the Lake Duruti Forest Reserve (LDFR). Data were collected from 40 systematically established concentric plots (0.071 ha each) covering a total forest area of 26.24 ha. A total of 48 tree and shrub species were recorded, comprising both adult individuals (DBH ? 5 cm) and regenerants (DBH < 5 cm), representing 25 plant families. Adult individuals accounted for 42 species from 23 families, while regenerants included 22 species from 15 families. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H?) was 3.21 for adults and 2.80 for regenerants, indicating high species diversity. The mean stem density of adult trees was 197 ± 97 stems ha?¹, with a basal area of 16.27 ± 7.30 m² ha?¹. The estimated above-ground carbon stock was 79.24 ± 35.31 Mg C ha?¹, while below-ground carbon stock was 30.86 ± 12.77 Mg C ha?¹. The absence of visible anthropogenic disturbance suggests effective conservation measures are in place. These findings highlight the ecological stability and carbon sequestration potential of LDFR and highlight the need for strategic planning to enhance biodiversity conservation and carbon stock management.
Effect of tannin and amino acid supplementation on growth, digestibility, and blood parameters in heifer calves LU'LU' NABILA SALSABILA; AINISSYA FITRI; FAJAR EDY MARETNO SITANGGANG; IDAT GALIH PERMANA; WARTIKA ROSA FARIDA; DWITAMI ANZHANY; RONI RIDWAN
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 17 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n170202

Abstract

Abstract. Salsabila LN, Fitri A, Sitanggang FEM, Permana IG, Farida WR, Anzhany D, Ridwan R. 2025. Effect of tannin and amino acid supplementation on growth, digestibility, and blood parameters in heifer calves. Nusantara Bioscience 17: 194-201. Nutritional management during the growth phase of heifer calves is crucial for optimal performance and health. Tannins and amino acids have shown potential benefits in ruminant nutrition through improved protein utilization and antimicrobial properties. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of tannins (1% DM), amino acids (0.3% DL-methionine + 0.7% L-lysine), and their mixture on heifer calves' performance and metabolic indicators. To achieve the objective, a 4 × 4 Latin square design was used with 4 calves (109.00 ± 18.17 kg of body weight), each receiving 4 treatments in 4 periods. The treatment period lasted 14 days, including 10 days for diet adaptation and 4 days for sample collection. The basal diet was a Total Mixed Ration (TMR) consisting of 20 kg/d of forage and 2 kg/d of concentrate. Treatments included: P1 (control, TMR only), P2 (TMR + 1% dry matter intake (DMI) tannin), P3 (TMR + 1% DMI amino acids), and P4 (TMR + 1% DMI tannin and 1% DMI amino acids). The results showed that individual supplementation in P2 (0.66 kg/h/d) and P3 (0.73 kg/h/d) had higher Average Daily Gain (ADG) compared to P1 (0.54 kg/h/d) and P4 (0.41 kg/h/d) (p < 0.05). Feed efficiency in P2 (2.65%) and P3 (3.02%) is higher than in P1 (2.49%) and P4 (1.74%) (p < 0.05). Although nutrient intake did not differ, Crude Protein (CP) intake in the P1 (0.32 kg/day) was lower than in the P2 (0.44 kg/day), P3 (0.39 kg/day), and P4 (0.40 kg/day) (p < 0.05). Plasma protein and cholesterol levels were lower in the P1 (7.07 g/dL; 94.14 mg/dL) than those (7.46-7.62 g/dL; 125.98-149.85 mg/dL, respectively) (p < 0.05). Overall, supplementation of 1% DMI tannin or amino acids alone improved the performance without compromising hematological profiles and blood metabolites.
Dengue virus and Plasmodium coinfection among febrile patients in Osun State, Nigeria BABAJIDE B. AJAYI; KEHINDE S. OLAITAN; OLUWATOBA F. OWOYOMI; SUNDAY E. ONI; AKINWALE M. AKINLABI; ELIZABETH O. ARO; DAVID O. OGBOLU
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 17 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n170208

Abstract

Abstract. Ajayi BB, Olaitan KS, Owoyomi OF, Oni SE, Akinlabi AM, Aro EO, Ogbolu DO. 2025. Dengue virus and Plasmodium coinfection among febrile patients in Osun State, Nigeria. Nusantara Bioscience 17: 253-258. Dengue and malaria are major co-endemic vector-borne diseases in Nigeria, presenting significant diagnostic challenges due to their overlapping clinical symptoms. In settings where malaria is hyperendemic, febrile illnesses are often presumptively treated as malaria, potentially leading to the misdiagnosis of other pathogens like dengue virus (DENV). This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of DENV infection and the prevalence of DENV/Plasmodium coinfection among febrile patients in Osun State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study was conducted from April to September 2024, involving 250 febrile patients from selected healthcare facilities. Blood samples were analyzed using rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for Plasmodium antigens and for DENV-specific Immunoglobulin M (IgM) and G (IgG) antibodies. Sociodemographic and risk factor data were collected via structured questionnaires. The prevalence of malaria was high at 53.6% (134/250), consistent with the region's hyperendemic status. Evidence of recent DENV infection (IgM positive) was found in 0.8% (2/250) of patients, while 6.4% (16/250) were IgG positive, indicating past exposure. Concurrent infection was detected in 0.8% (2/250) of patients for Malaria/DENV IgM and 3.2% (8/250) for Malaria/DENV IgG. Both malaria and DENV IgG seropositivity were significantly associated with age (p<0.05). This study confirms the endemic circulation of DENV in Osun State and highlights its contribution to the burden of non-malarial febrile illness. These findings underscore the critical need to revise existing diagnostic algorithms and integrate DENV surveillance into public health frameworks to mitigate misdiagnosis and improve patient outcomes.
Phytochemical profiling, antioxidant activity, cytotoxicity and GC-MS characterization of Ganoderma applanatum JOEY B. INVENTO; GECELLE MARIE V. BENIDA; JENNY CEL M. TEJANO; JASMIN JOY C. ENOJALES; MARY JOY O. PAGENTE; KAYE CATHERINE R. DOLOGAN; SHEILA MARIE Y. PLIMACO
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 18 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n180104

Abstract

Abstract. Invento JB, Benida GMV, Tejano JCM, Enojales JJC, Pagente MJO, Dologan KCR, Plimaco SMY. 2026. Phytochemical profiling, antioxidant activity, cytotoxicity and GC-MS characterization of Ganoderma applanatum. Nusantara Bioscience 18 (1): n180104. https://doi.org/10.13057/nusbiosci/n180104. This study investigated the medicinal potential of Ganoderma applanatum ethanolic extracts by focusing on antioxidant capacity, cytotoxicity, and bioactive compound profiling. Samples were collected, authenticated, and subjected to phytochemical screening, revealing the presence of flavonoids, steroids, saponins, tannins, and alkaloids. The free-radical scavenging ability of the extracts was determined using a modified DPPH assay, where dilutions (10-1,000 µg/mL) were mixed with 0.1 mM ethanolic DPPH, vortexed, incubated in the dark for 1 h at room temperature, and absorbance read at 517 nm in triplicates to calculate % inhibition and IC50. The extract demonstrated a 97% inhibition at 500 µg/mL, indicating strong free radical neutralization. GC-MS analysis identified 26 bioactive compounds, including fatty acids, hydrocarbons, phenolics, terpenoids, and steroids, many of which are associated with antioxidant and cytotoxic effects. Cytotoxicity was evaluated via the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) by the MSU-IIT Chemistry Department, exposing 10 Artemia salina nauplii per replicate to triplicate dilutions (1-10,000 μg/mL) for 24 h, and calculating % mortality. LC50 values were determined to be 37 µg/mL, signifying potent toxicity. These results collectively highlight G. applanatum’s rich phytochemical composition and significant bioactivities, supporting its traditional medicinal use. The evidence-based findings suggest that the ethanolic extract possesses promising antioxidant and cytotoxic properties, warranting further investigation for therapeutic applications.
Morphological characterization and correlation of seed, fruit, and seedling of Horsfieldia iryaghedhi INDRIANI EKASARI; SAHROMI SAHROMI; PUTRI KESUMA WARDHANI
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 17 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n170204

Abstract

Abstract. Ekasari I, Sahromi, Wardhani PK. 2025. Morphological characterization and correlation of seed, fruit, and seedling of Horsfieldia iryaghedhi. Nusantara Bioscience 17: 218-225. Horsfieldia iryaghedhi is a critically endangered species from the Myristicaceae family. Examining seed, fruit, and seedling morphology of the species is crucial, as generative propagation remains the only known conservation method. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the morphological characterization of the seed, fruit, and seedling of H. iryaghedhi and to analyse the correlation between seed, fruit, and seedling traits. This study was conducted at the Bogor Botanical Garden, utilizing five plant collections. The examined morphological traits included length, width, and weight of the seed, as well as fruit height, root collar diameter, and the number of leaves for the seedling. The results showed that the length, width, and weight of the fruit were 39.64±2.48 mm, 30.04±1.98 mm, and 20.33±3.60 g, respectively. Overall, the correlation between seed and fruit parameters indicates that one trait influences the other. The low variability in fruit and seed traits, despite being obtained from mother trees of different origins, has implications for the species' genetic diversity. The mean for seedling height is 106.74±32.78 cm, and the mean of collar diameter is 1.27±0.64 mm. Height and root collar diameter seedling traits were found to be closely related in 24-month-old seedlings. Understanding the ecology of seedling growth is essential for developing developmental strategies to conserve biodiversity and restore natural habitats. In conclusion, the variability in fruit and seed traits is exhibited by plants obtained from mother trees of different origins. The trees in the Bogor Botanical Gardens study site are mother trees, and this is extremely important for the future sustainable population of this species.
Diversity of plants as a food supplement and medicine for livestock in cattleman communities of Wonosobo, Central Java, Indonesia FIKA NUR APRILIA; FRANSISCA AMELIA KARTIKA ARDHYANTI; HANA PARAMESTI; GHAZY AQILA SHANDY PRABOWO; RAISA NOOR SAFIRA; NISYAWATI NISYAWATI; AHMAD DWI SETYAWAN
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 17 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n170109

Abstract

Abstract. Aprilia FN, Ardhyanti FAK, Paramesti H, Prabowo GAS, Safira RN, Nisyawati, Setyawan AD. 2025. Diversity of plants as a food supplement and medicine for livestock in cattleman communities of Wonosobo, Central Java, Indonesia. Nusantara Bioscience 17: 84-95. The Wonosobo community in Central Java, Indonesia mostly participates in agriculture and animal husbandry. Individuals engaged in agriculture and animal husbandry exhibit a significant reliance on local resources for the management of food production and animals. This study aimed to find plant diversity that serves as animal feed and supplements for cattle in Wonosobo. The investigation was conducted in October 2024 in the Kalibawang Sub-district of Wonosobo, Central Java, Indonesia, utilizing data gathered from four villages: Dempel, Kalialang, Karangsambung, and Mergolangu. This study included direct surveys and comprehensive interviews with 126 livestock farmers to collect data. The study documented 74 plant species from 37 families utilized as animal feed. The predominant plant families were Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Asteraceae, Poaceae, and Moraceae, encompassing several plants with considerable potential for application in feed, medicine, and animal supplements, presenting a promising perspective for the future of agriculture in Wonosobo. Of the 78 species, 15 were utilized by the inhabitants of Kalibawang Sub-district for medicinal applications, including wora-wari (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis), sengon laut (Paraserianthes falcataria), brotowali (Tinospora cordifolia), coconut (Cocos nucifera), papaya (Carica papaya), jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus), Gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium), sulanjana (Pennisetum purpureum), cassava (Manihot esculenta), jenu (Derris elliptica), banana (Musa x paradisiaca), ginger (Zingiber officinale), turmeric (Curcuma longa), candlenut (Aleurites moluccanus), and mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni). The highest UV index was recorded in Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam and Carica papaya L., with a value of 0.023. The highest indices for RFC (0.37) is Calliandra calothyrsus Meissn and IAR (Informant Agreement Ratio) (0.94) is Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam; however, the highest ICF (Informant Consensus Factor) index was associated with the diarrhea (0.66).

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